scholarly journals The algal selenoproteomes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Jiang ◽  
Yiqian Lu ◽  
Lin Zheng ◽  
Gaopeng Li ◽  
Lianchang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Element ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Essential Trace Element ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Secis Element ◽  
Evolutionary Spectrum ◽  
Predominant Form ◽  
Flanking Region ◽  
Selenoprotein Genes

Abstract Background:Selenium is an essential trace element, and selenocysteine (Sec, U) is its predominant form in vivo. Proteins that contain Sec are selenoproteins, whose special structural features include not only the TGA codon encoding Sec, but also the SECIS element in mRNA and the conservation of the Sec flanking region. These unique features have led to developing a series of bioinformatics methods to predict and research selenoprotein genes. There are some studies and reports on the evolution and distribution of selenoprotein genes in prokaryotes and multicellular eukaryotes, but the systematic analysis of single-cell eukaryotes, especially algae, is very limited.Results:In this study, we predicted selenoprotein genes in 137 species of algae by using a program we previously developed. More than 1000 selenoprotein genes were obtained. A database website was built to hold these algae selenoprotein genes (www.selenoprotein.com). These genes belong to 42 selenoprotein families, including three novel selenoprotein gene families.Conclusions:This study reveals the primordial state of the eukaryotic selenoproteome. It is an important clue to explore the significance of selenium for primordial eukaryotes and to build the whole evolutionary spectrum of selenoproteins for all life.

scholarly journals The algal selenoproteomes

BMC Genomics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Jiang ◽  
Yiqian Lu ◽  
Lin Zheng ◽  
Gaopeng Li ◽  
Lianchang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Families ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Secis Element ◽  
Evolutionary Spectrum ◽  
Predominant Form ◽  
Flanking Region ◽  
Selenoprotein Genes

Abstract Background Selenium is an essential trace element, and selenocysteine (Sec, U) is its predominant form in vivo. Proteins that contain Sec are selenoproteins, whose special structural features include not only the TGA codon encoding Sec but also the SECIS element in mRNA and the conservation of the Sec-flanking region. These unique features have led to the development of a series of bioinformatics methods to predict and research selenoprotein genes. There have been some studies and reports on the evolution and distribution of selenoprotein genes in prokaryotes and multicellular eukaryotes, but the systematic analysis of single-cell eukaryotes, especially algae, has been very limited. Results In this study, we predicted selenoprotein genes in 137 species of algae by using a program we previously developed. More than 1000 selenoprotein genes were obtained. A database website was built to record these algae selenoprotein genes (www.selenoprotein.com). These genes belong to 42 selenoprotein families, including three novel selenoprotein gene families. Conclusions This study reveals the primordial state of the eukaryotic selenoproteome. It is an important clue to explore the significance of selenium for primordial eukaryotes and to determine the complete evolutionary spectrum of selenoproteins in all life forms.

scholarly journals The algal selenoproteomes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Jiang ◽  
Yiqian Lu ◽  
Lin Zheng ◽  
Gaopeng Li ◽  
Lianchang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Families ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Secis Element ◽  
Evolutionary Spectrum ◽  
Predominant Form ◽  
Flanking Region ◽  
Selenoprotein Genes

Abstract Background: Selenium is an essential trace element, and selenocysteine (Sec, U) is its predominant form in vivo. Proteins that contain Sec are selenoproteins, whose special structural features include not only the TGA codon encoding Sec but also the SECIS element in mRNA and the conservation of the Sec-flanking region. These unique features have led to the development of a series of bioinformatics methods to predict and research selenoprotein genes. There have been some studies and reports on the evolution and distribution of selenoprotein genes in prokaryotes and multicellular eukaryotes, but the systematic analysis of single-cell eukaryotes, especially algae, has been very limited. Results: In this study, we predicted selenoprotein genes in 137 species of algae by using a program we previously developed. More than 1000 selenoprotein genes were obtained. A database website was built to record these algae selenoprotein genes (www.selenoprotein.com). These genes belong to 42 selenoprotein families, including three novel selenoprotein gene families. Conclusions: This study reveals the primordial state of the eukaryotic selenoproteome . It is an important clue to explore the significance of selenium for primordial eukaryotes and to determine the complete evolutionary spectrum of selenoproteins in all life forms.

scholarly journals The algal selenoproteomes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Jiang ◽  
Yiqian Lu ◽  
Lin Zheng ◽  
Gaopeng Li ◽  
Lianchang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Families ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Secis Element ◽  
Evolutionary Spectrum ◽  
Predominant Form ◽  
Important Trace Element ◽  
Flanking Region ◽  
Selenoprotein Genes

Abstract Background: Selenium is an important trace element, and selenocysteine is its predominant form in vivo. The protein containing selenocysteine is selenoprotein, whose special structural features include not only the TGA codon encoding selenocysteine, but also the SECIS element in mRNA and the conservation of selenocysteine flanking region. These special features have led to the development of a series of bioinformatics methods for the prediction and research of selenoprotein genes. There are some studies and reports on the evolution and distribution of selenoprotein genes in prokaryotes and multicellular eukaryotes, but the systematic analysis of single-cell eukaryotes, especially algae, is very limited. Results: In this study, we predicted selenoprotein genes in 137 species of algae by using a program we previously developed. More than 1000 selenoprotein genes were obtained. A database website was built to hold these algae selenoprotein genes (www.selenoprotein.com). These genes belong to 42 selenoprotein families, including three novel selenoprotein gene families. Conclusions: This study reveals the primordial state of the eukaryotic selenoproteome. It is an important clue to explore the significance of selenium for primordial eukaryotes and to build the whole evolutionary spectrum of selenoproteins for all life.

scholarly journals The algal selenoproteomes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Jiang ◽  
Yiqian Lu ◽  
Lin Zheng ◽  
Gaopeng Li ◽  
Lianchang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Element ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Evolutionary Spectrum ◽  
Predominant Form ◽  
Important Trace Element ◽  
Selenoprotein Genes

Abstract Background: Selenium is an important trace element, and selenoprotein is its predominant form in vivo. The special structural features of selenoprotein genes have led to the development of a series of bioinformatics methods for the prediction and research of selenoprotein genes. There are some studies and reports on the evolution and distribution of selenoprotein genes in prokaryotes and multicellular eukaryotes, but the systematic analysis of single-cell eukaryotes, especially algae, is very limited. Results: In this study, we predicted selenoprotein genes in 137 species of algae by using a program we previously developed. More than 1000 selenoprotein genes were obtained. A database website was built to hold these algae selenoprotein genes (www.selenoprotein.com). These genes belong to 42 selenoprotein families, including three novel selenoprotein gene families. Conclusions: This study reveals the primordial state of the eukaryotic selenoproteome. It is an important clue to explore the significance of selenium for primordial eukaryotes and to build the whole evolutionary spectrum of selenoproteins for all life.

Traceable Peptidic Ligands that Target Ghrelin Receptors

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 955-964 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengjie Liu ◽  
John Wade ◽  
Mohammed Akhter Hossain
Keyword(s):  
In Vivo Imaging ◽  
Peptide Hormone ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Imaging Studies ◽  
Cognate Receptor ◽  
Ghrelin Receptors ◽  
Biochemical Research

: Ghrelin is a 28-amino acid octanoylated peptide hormone that is implicated in many physiological and pathophysiological processes. Specific visualization of ghrelin and its cognate receptor using traceable ligands is crucial in elucidating the localization, functions, and expression pattern of the peptide’s signaling pathway. Here 12 representative radio- and fluorescently-labeled peptide-based ligands are reviewed for in vitro and in vivo imaging studies. In particular, the focus is on their structural features, pharmacological properties, and applications in further biochemical research.

Polyamines and Related Nitrogen Compounds in the Chemotherapy of Neglected Diseases Caused by Kinetoplastids

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 321-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan A. Bisceglia ◽  
Maria C. Mollo ◽  
Nadia Gruber ◽  
Liliana R. Orelli
Keyword(s):  
Drug Targets ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Mammalian Host ◽  
Neglected Diseases ◽  
Nitrogen Compounds ◽  
Chemical Structures

Neglected diseases due to the parasitic protozoa Leishmania and Trypanosoma (kinetoplastids) affect millions of people worldwide, and the lack of suitable treatments has promoted an ongoing drug discovery effort to identify novel nontoxic and cost-effective chemotherapies. Polyamines are ubiquitous small organic molecules that play key roles in kinetoplastid parasites metabolism, redox homeostasis and in the normal progression of cell cycles, which differ from those found in the mammalian host. These features make polyamines attractive in terms of antiparasitic drug development. The present work provides a comprehensive insight on the use of polyamine derivatives and related nitrogen compounds in the chemotherapy of kinetoplastid diseases. The amount of literature on this subject is considerable, and a classification considering drug targets and chemical structures were made. Polyamines, aminoalcohols and basic heterocycles designed to target the relevant parasitic enzyme trypanothione reductase are discussed in the first section, followed by compounds directed to less common targets, like parasite SOD and the aminopurine P2 transporter. Finally, the third section comprises nitrogen compounds structurally derived from antimalaric agents. References on the chemical synthesis of the selected compounds are reported together with their in vivo and/or in vitro IC50 values, and structureactivity relationships within each group are analyzed. Some favourable structural features were identified from the SAR analyses comprising protonable sites, hydrophobic groups and optimum distances between them. The importance of certain pharmacophoric groups or amino acid residues in the bioactivity of polyamine derived compounds is also discussed.

scholarly journals The Individual Effects of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitors on Head and Neck Cancer Cells—A Systematic Analysis

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2396
Author(s):  
Nina Schoenwaelder ◽  
Inken Salewski ◽  
Nadja Engel ◽  
Mareike Krause ◽  
Björn Schneider ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Specific Response ◽  
Cyclin Dependent Kinase ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Mhc I ◽  
Oncological Treatment

Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKi´s) display cytotoxic activity against different malignancies, including head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). By coordinating the DNA damage response, these substances may be combined with cytostatics to enhance cytotoxicity. Here, we investigated the influence of different CDKi´s (palbociclib, dinaciclib, THZ1) on two HNSCC cell lines in monotherapy and combination therapy with clinically-approved drugs (5-FU, Cisplatin, cetuximab). Apoptosis/necrosis, cell cycle, invasiveness, senescence, radiation-induced γ-H2AX DNA double-strand breaks, and effects on the actin filament were studied. Furthermore, the potential to increase tumor immunogenicity was assessed by analyzing Calreticulin translocation and immune relevant surface markers. Finally, an in vivo mouse model was used to analyze the effect of dinaciclib and Cisplatin combination therapy. Dinaciclib, palbociclib, and THZ1 displayed anti-neoplastic activity after low-dose treatment, while the two latter substances slightly enhanced radiosensitivity. Dinaciclib decelerated wound healing, decreased invasiveness, and induced MHC-I, accompanied by high amounts of surface-bound Calreticulin. Numbers of early and late apoptotic cells increased initially (24 h), while necrosis dominated afterward. Antitumoral effects of the selective CDKi palbociclib were weaker, but combinations with 5-FU potentiated effects of the monotherapy. Additionally, CDKi and CDKi/chemotherapy combinations induced MHC I, indicative of enhanced immunogenicity. The in vivo studies revealed a cell line-specific response with best tumor growth control in the combination approach. Global acting CDKi’s should be further investigated as targeting agents for HNSCC, either individually or in combination with selected drugs. The ability of dinaciclib to increase the immunogenicity of tumor cells renders this substance a particularly interesting candidate for immune-based oncological treatment regimens.

scholarly journals Interaction of Lactoferrin with Unsaturated Fatty Acids: In Vitro and In Vivo Study of Human Lactoferrin/Oleic Acid Complex Cytotoxicity

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1602
Author(s):  
Anna Elizarova ◽  
Alexey Sokolov ◽  
Valeria Kostevich ◽  
Ekaterina Kisseleva ◽  
Evgeny Zelenskiy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acid Complex ◽  
Hepatoma 22A ◽  
Constitutive Parameters

As shown recently, oleic acid (OA) in complex with lactoferrin (LF) causes the death of cancer cells, but no mechanism(s) of that toxicity have been disclosed. In this study, constitutive parameters of the antitumor effect of LF/OA complex were explored. Complex LF/OA was prepared by titrating recombinant human LF with OA. Spectral analysis was used to assess possible structural changes of LF within its complex with OA. Structural features of apo-LF did not change within the complex LF:OA = 1:8, which was toxic for hepatoma 22a cells. Cytotoxicity of the complex LF:OA = 1:8 was tested in cultured hepatoma 22a cells and in fresh erythrocytes. Its anticancer activity was tested in mice carrying hepatoma 22a. In mice injected daily with LF-8OA, the same tumor grew significantly slower. In 20% of animals, the tumors completely resolved. LF alone was less efficient, i.e., the tumor growth index was 0.14 for LF-8OA and 0.63 for LF as compared with 1.0 in the control animals. The results of testing from 48 days after the tumor inoculation showed that the survival rate among LF-8OA-treated animals was 70%, contrary to 0% rate in the control group and among the LF-treated mice. Our data allow us to regard the complex of LF and OA as a promising tool for cancer treatment.

Abstract 489: Differential Phosphoproteomic Analysis of Platelet Activation by Specific Oxidized Phospholipids and Thrombin Reveals Mechanisms of Platelet Activation in Hyperlipidemia

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Zimman ◽  
Bjoern Titz ◽  
Evangelia Komisopoulou ◽  
Thomas G Graeber ◽  
Eugene A Podrez
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Platelet Activation ◽  
Scavenger Receptor ◽  
Human Platelets ◽  
Oxidized Phospholipids ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Bioinformatic Tools ◽  
Induced Changes

We previously showed that specific oxidized phospholipids (oxPC CD36 ) activate platelets via the scavenger receptor CD36 and promote platelet hyper-reactivity in hyperlipidemia, however the signaling pathway(s) induced in platelets by oxPC CD36 are not defined. We employed mass spectrometry-based phosphoproteomics for the unbiased analysis of changes in protein phosphorylation induced by oxPC CD36 and thrombin, a strong platelet agonist, in human platelets. oxPC CD36 induced changes in phosphorylation of 148 unique phosphorylation sites (116 proteins) while thrombin induced changes of 297 unique sites (181 proteins). Most of the changes in phosphorylation induced by oxPC CD36 and thrombin identified in our study have never been reported before in platelets and include high- and low-abundant proteins with diverse molecular functions located in the plasma membrane, cytosol, or cytoskeleton. Analysis using multiple bioinformatic tools identified protein interaction networks, signaling pathways, activated kinases, and enriched phosphorylation motifs. Comparison between platelet agonists revealed multiple differences including the specific activation of a signaling pathway involving Src-family kinases (SFK), SYK kinase, and PLCγ2 by oxPC CD36 . Subsequent biochemical studies in human platelets demonstrated that this pathway is critical for platelet activation by oxPC CD36 and is downstream of CD36. In conclusion, systematic analysis of platelet activation pathways provided novel insights into the mechanism of platelet activation and specific signaling pathways induced by oxidized phospholipids that modulate platelet function in vivo in hyperlipidemia.

Transient expression of a mouse alpha-fetoprotein minigene: deletion analyses of promoter function

1983 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. 1295-1309
Author(s):  
R W Scott ◽  
S M Tilghman
Keyword(s):  
Transient Expression ◽  
Hela Cells ◽  
Simian Virus 40 ◽  
Simian Virus ◽  
Alpha Fetoprotein ◽  
Tata Box ◽  
Deletion Mutants ◽  
Promoter Function ◽  
Flanking Region

The constitutive transcription of a mouse alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) minigene was examined during the transient expression of AFP-simian virus 40-pBR322 recombinant DNAs introduced into HeLa cells by Ca3(PO4)2 precipitation. We tested three constructs, each of which contains the AFP minigene and pBR322 DNAs inserted in the late region of simian virus 40 and found that the relative efficiency of AFP gene expression was dependent on the arrangement of the three DNA elements in the vector. The transcripts begin at the authentic AFP cap site and are properly spliced and polyadenylated. To define a sequence domain in the 5' flanking region of the AFP gene required for constitutive expression, sequential 5' deletion mutants of the AFP minigene were constructed and introduced into HeLa cells. All AFP deletion mutants which retained at least the TATA motif located 30 base pairs upstream from the cap site were capable of directing accurate and efficient AFP transcription. However, when the TATA sequence was deleted, no accurately initiated AFP transcripts were detected. These results are identical to those obtained from in vitro transcription of truncated AFP 5' deletion mutant templates assayed in HeLa cell extracts. The rate of AFP transcription in vivo was unaffected by deletion of DNA upstream of the AFP TATA box but was greatly affected by the distance between the simian virus 40 control region and the 5' end of the gene. The absence of any promoter activity upstream of the TATA box in this assay system is in contrast to what has been reported for several other eucaryotic structural genes in a variety of in vivo systems. A sequence comparison between the 5' flanking region of the AFP gene and these genes suggested that the AFP gene lacks those structural elements found to be important for constitutive transcription in vivo. Either the AFP gene lacks upstream promoter function in the 5' flanking DNA contained within the minigene, or the use of a viral vector in a heterologous system precludes its identification.

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