scholarly journals The Brain Activation of Anxiety Disorders During Emotional Stimulations: A Coordinate-Based Activation Likelihood Estimation Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia Liu ◽  
Xiuzhen Wang ◽  
Yongchao Li ◽  
Shanling Ji ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Likelihood Estimation ◽  
Parahippocampal Gyrus ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Activation Likelihood Estimation ◽  
Emotional Stimuli ◽  
Panic Disorders ◽  
Specific Phobias

Abstract Many studies have been analyzed the state of brain activation about anxiety under neuroimaging experiments with emotional stimuli. However, there is no meta-analysis to assess the commonality and specificity activation of different anxiety subtypes. Here, we used the activation likelihood estimation (ALE) to define the common and different activation between different subtypes of anxiety. A total of 29 functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies revealed significantly increased bilateral amygdala, anterior cingulate gyrus, and parahippocampal gyrus activation in anxiety during emotional stimuli. Moreover, we observed the decreased activations in the posterior cingulate, lingual gyrus, and precuneus. In subanalyses of anxiety disorders, the increased activation of generalized anxiety and specific phobias are present in the left hippocampus and thalamus, respectively. Social anxiety and panic disorders showed increased activation in the parahippocampal gyrus, amygdala, thalamus, and insula. Social anxiety, generalized anxiety, and panic disorders displayed decreased activations in the fusiform gyrus, posterior cingulate, and specific phobias exhibited in the medial frontal gyrus. Although different anxiety showed dissimilar activations, the principal activations were observed in the limbic lobe, which might indicate the limbic circuit was a neural reflection of anxiety symptoms.

scholarly journals Is cognitive–behavioural therapy more effective than relaxation therapy in the treatment of anxiety disorders? A meta-analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (9) ◽  
pp. 1427-1436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesus Montero-Marin ◽  
Javier Garcia-Campayo ◽  
Alba López-Montoyo ◽  
Edurne Zabaleta-del-Olmo ◽  
Pim Cuijpers
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Comparable Efficacy ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Specific Phobias ◽  
Behavioural Therapies

AbstractBackgroundIt is not clear whether relaxation therapies are more or less effective than cognitive and behavioural therapies in the treatment of anxiety. The aims of the present study were to examine the effects of relaxation techniques compared to cognitive and behavioural therapies in reducing anxiety symptoms, and whether they have comparable efficacy across disorders.MethodWe conducted a meta-analysis of 50 studies (2801 patients) comparing relaxation training with cognitive and behavioural treatments of anxiety.ResultsThe overall effect size (ES) across all anxiety outcomes, with only one combined ES in each study, wasg= −0.27 [95% confidence interval (CI) = −0.41 to −0.13], favouring cognitive and behavioural therapies (number needed to treat = 6.61). However, no significant difference between relaxation and cognitive and behavioural therapies was found for generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, social anxiety disorder and specific phobias (considering social anxiety and specific phobias separately). Heterogeneity was moderate (I2= 52; 95% CI = 33–65). The ES was significantly associated with age (p< 0.001), hours of cognitive and/or behavioural therapy (p= 0.015), quality of intervention (p= 0.007), relaxation treatment format (p< 0.001) and type of disorder (p= 0.008), explaining an 82% of variance.ConclusionsRelaxation seems to be less effective than cognitive and behavioural therapies in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder, and obsessive–compulsive disorder and it might also be less effective at 1-year follow-up for panic, but there is no evidence that it is less effective for other anxiety disorders.

scholarly journals Anxiety and Anxiety Disorders in Elite Athletes

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
General Population ◽  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Performance Anxiety ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Specific Phobias

Anxiety is in principle a normal and (often) helpful emotion in humans and animals. However, anxiety can get excessive and be impairing and disabling. If anxiety is excessive in intensity and duration, occurs in actually non-dangerous situations, uncontrollable, and impairs actions, an anxiety disorder is typically diagnosed [2]. In the general population, the following anxiety disorders are diagnosed (decreasing frequency): specific phobias, social anxiety disorders, panic disorder with/without agoraphobia, generalized anxiety disorder [3,4]. In elite athletes the specific subform of performance anxiety disorder could be diagnosed, although it is not yet included in the diagnostic manuals [5,6].

scholarly journals Grey matter abnormalities in Tourette syndrome: an activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Wen ◽  
Junjuan Yan ◽  
Liping Yu ◽  
Fang Wang ◽  
Jingran Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tourette Syndrome ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Likelihood Estimation ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Activation Likelihood Estimation ◽  
Lentiform Nucleus ◽  
Postcentral Gyrus

Abstract Background Tourette syndrome (TS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder defined by the continual presence of primary motor and vocal tics. Grey matter abnormalities have been identified in numerous studies of TS, but conflicting results have been reported. This study was an unbiased statistical meta-analysis of published neuroimaging studies of TS structures. Methods A voxel quantitative meta-analysis technique called activation likelihood estimation (ALE) was used. The meta-analysis included six neuroimaging studies involving 247 TS patients and 236 healthy controls. A statistical threshold of p < 0.05 was established based on the false discovery rate and a cluster extent threshold of 50 voxels. Results We found that grey matter volumes were significantly increased in the bilateral thalamus, right hypothalamus, right precentral gyrus, left postcentral gyrus, left inferior parietal lobule, right lentiform nucleus, and left insula of TS patients compared to those of healthy controls. In contrast, grey matter volumes were significantly decreased in the bilateral postcentral gyrus, bilateral anterior cingulate, bilateral insula, left posterior cingulate and left postcentral gyrus of TS patients compared to those of healthy controls. Conclusions Our present meta-analysis primarily revealed significant increases in grey matter volumes in the thalamus and lentiform nucleus, and decreased grey matter volumes in the anterior cingulate gyrus, of TS patients compared to those in healthy controls. Most of these identified regions are associated with cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical circuits. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm these changes in grey matter volumes in TS patients.

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