Thyroid Function Test (TSH, T3, T4) and Associated Factors in Early Gestation Among Pregnant Women Attending ANC Clinic in Nekemte Referral Hospital Western Oromia, Ethiopia.

Abstract Introduction: Thyroid function testing in pregnancy is an area of concern for pregnant women, doctors and laboratories. Some women are known to have thyroid disease before pregnancy and require monitoring to ensure no harm comes to them or their baby. Thyroid disorders can have adverse reproductive and pregnancy implications. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess blood level of thyroid function test during early gestation and assess associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care clinic in Nekemte Referral Hospital.Methods: Facility-based Cross-sectional study design was deployed to collect information from 300 Pregnant women (<20 gestation weeks) attending antenatal clinic from March to May, 2017. Interviewer-administered structured questionnaire was used to obtain information and blood samples were collected from pregnant women for estimation of thyroid function test after getting written consent. Data was entered to Epi info version 3.5.3, cleaned and analyzed using SPSS version 24 and Multivariable analysis were used to examine the association between dependent and independent variables. Odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Significance was declared at P-value 0.05.Result: A total of 300 pregnant women were interviewed and blood sample collected from them for thyroid function test with a response rate of 90.1%. Among the study subjects 14(4.7%) have Subclinical Hypothyroidism (SCH). Husband occupation, presence of Radio in the household, presence of television in their house and treating drinking water at household level were among factors associated with development of Hypothyroidism.Conclusion and Recommendation: In this study, Subclinical Hypothyroidism (SCH) among pregnant women in early gestation is significant 14(4.7%) above the expected 2.5% of American thyroid association cut point. Husband occupation, Presence of media for information and treatment of drinking water were the associated factors. So, health workers should always update pregnant women on importance of consuming proper utilization of iodized salt. Health workers shall also teach pregnant women on personal and environmental hygiene.

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A prospective study for the assessment of thyroid function by pre and post supervised exercise protocol in newly diagnosed patients of subclinical hypothyroidism

International Journal of Advances in Medicine ◽

10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20190451 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 253

Author(s):

Dharmendra Jhavar ◽

Naresh K. Patel ◽

V. P. Pandey

Keyword(s):

Physical Exercise ◽

Thyroid Function ◽

Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽

Thyroid Function Test ◽

Exercise Group ◽

P Value ◽

Newly Diagnosed ◽

Function Test ◽

Thyroid Profile ◽

Regular Physical Exercise

Background: The presence of raised serum TSH with serum free T4 and T3 within the reference range falls in subclinical hypothyroidism. It is a well-known fact that exercise affects the activity of thyroid glands and the production of their hormones. Author studied the effect of regular exercise in patients of newly diagnosed subclinical hypothyroidism. Pre and post-exercise thyroid function tests were evaluated to decide about the necessity to start thyroid replacement therapy or to adopt wait and watch policy.Methods: Study enrolled 100 newly diagnosed subclinical hypothyroidism patients attending this tertiary care hospital and randomised them in two groups, one group was subjected to regular physical exercise of 45-60 minutes daily along with supervised treadmill exercise stage 0 for 45-60 minutes once weekly followed by re-evaluation of thyroid function test after 30 days and second group was re-evaluated for thyroid function test without exercise after 30 days.Results: Thyroid profile parameters were compared and analysed by paired ‘t’ test, statistically significant increase in serum T3 (p value <0.05) and serum T4 (p value <0.05), along with significant reduction in TSH level (p value <0.05) were found in exercise group, while in non-exercise group changes in thyroid profile parameters were statistically not significant. There was significant reduction in mean weight in exercise group (p value <0.05), while in non-exercise group changes in weight were not significant.Conclusions: Present study concluded that regular physical exercise can improve thyroid function in patients of newly diagnosed subclinical hypothyroidism and convert them to euthyroid state.

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Establishment of trimester-specific reference intervals for thyroid stimulating hormone and free thyroxine during pregnancy in southwest China by indirect method

Annals of Clinical Biochemistry International Journal of Laboratory Medicine ◽

10.1177/00045632211063142 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 000456322110631

Author(s):

Ying Guo ◽

Bin Wei ◽

Wei Dai ◽

Hongjian Xie

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Thyroid Function ◽

Indirect Method ◽

Southwest China ◽

Thyroid Function Test ◽

Reference Intervals ◽

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽

Specific Reference ◽

Test Results ◽

Function Test

Objective A series of physiological changes in thyroid function occur during pregnancy and differ from those non-pregnant women. This study aimed to establish the pregnancy-specific reference intervals of TSH and FT4 using an indirect method based on the healthy pregnant women from southwest China population. Methods Thyroid function test results which available on the Laboratory Information System (LIS) were collected from the pregnancies who visited the Obstetric Clinic or the Department of Gynecology between 1 January 2015, and 30 December 2020. We grouped the data by trimesters to establish the reference intervals (RIs) based on the clinical consensus of different levels of TSH and FT4 at different weeks of gestation. All arrangements were referenced to the document CLSI EP28-A3C. Results A total of 33,040 thyroid function test results of pregnant women, aged 31 (28,33) years were statistical analyzed. Estimated RIs for TSH and FT4 in the first, second and third trimesters corresponding to the 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles in TPOAb negative were 0.02–5.23, 0.03–5.24, 0.37–5.68 mIU/L, 11.66–20.69, 10.1–18.59, 9.85–16.86pmol/L, respectively. Conclusion This study provides trimester-specific RIs for TSH and FT4 among healthy pregnant women in southwest China which guides clinicians to diagnosis and screen for thyroid disorders in this region.

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Identification of thyroid disease in pregnant women varies by analytical method and type of thyroid function test

Endocrine Abstracts ◽

10.1530/endoabs.70.aep1094 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Andersen Stine Linding ◽

Christensen Peter Astrup ◽

Louise Knøsgaard ◽

Stig Andersen ◽

Aase Handberg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Thyroid Function ◽

Analytical Method ◽

Thyroid Disease ◽

Thyroid Function Test ◽

Function Test

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Status of Thyroid Disorder among the Thyroid Function Test Samples Received in a Laboratory among Postmenopausal Women: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

Journal of Nepal Medical Association ◽

10.31729/jnma.6191 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 59 (234) ◽

Author(s):

Manoranjan Shrestha ◽

Reshmi Shrestha

Keyword(s):

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Thyroid Function ◽

Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽

Thyroid Dysfunction ◽

Thyroid Function Test ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Reference Laboratory ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Function Test

Introduction: Thyroid dysfunction prevalence is high in females worldwide which increases with age. Postmenopausal and elderly women are particularly at risk of developing comorbidities and mortality related to thyroid dysfunction. We aimed to study the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in postmenopausal women in the National Reference Laboratory of Nepal. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in National Reference Laboratory from January 2019 to June 2019 including postmenopausal females, ≥49 years. The database of thyroid function test result was used for statistical analysis and proportion of thyroid dysfunction was calculated. The data was collected after approval from the institutional review committee. Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21 was used to study descriptive data. Results: Out of a total of 160 postmenopausal females with thyroid function tests, 71 (44.4%) had thyroid dysfunction. Subclinical hypothyroidism was the frequently occurring thyroid dysfunction 51 (32%) followed by subclinical hyperthyroidism 13 (8%), hypothyroidism 3 (2%) and hyperthyroidism 3 (2%). In our study population, thyroid dysfunction peaked at 49 to 58 years of age interval 53 (33.1%) and subclinical hypothyroidism was the most frequent form 38 (23.7%). Conclusions: Subclinical hypothyroidism was the common thyroid dysfunction in postmenopausal age which peaked at 49 to 58 years of age group. Early postmenopausal females are predisposed to increased risk of comorbidities (cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis with high fracture, depression) which could be exacerbated with thyroid dysfunction; therefore awareness of thyroid dysfunction prevalence and thyroid screening for early management seems appropriate in Nepalese postmenopausal women.

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Thyroid Disease in Pregnancy

US Endocrinology ◽

10.17925/use.2008.04.01.100 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 04 (01) ◽

pp. 100

Author(s):

N Pearce Elizabeth ◽

M Leung Angela

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Thyroid Function ◽

Thyroid Disease ◽

Autoimmune Thyroid Disease ◽

Thyroid Dysfunction ◽

Thyroid Function Test ◽

Autoimmune Thyroid ◽

Thyroid Screening ◽

Function Test ◽

In Pregnancy

The spectrum of thyroid disease in pregnancy has implications for both the mother and the developing fetus. Here we review the interpretation of thyroid function test values, thyrotoxicosis, hypothyroidism, iodine requirements, autoimmune thyroid disease, and thyroid screening recommendations as they pertain to pregnant women. It should be noted that the management of thyroid dysfunction in pregnancy should be closely co-ordinated with obstetricians and other providers.

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Turning to Thyroid Disease in Pregnant Women

European Thyroid Journal ◽

10.1159/000506228 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 225-233 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Stine Linding Andersen ◽

Stig Andersen

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Thyroid Function ◽

Thyroid Disease ◽

Thyroid Function Test ◽

Thyroid Function Tests ◽

Routine Testing ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Function Test ◽

Fetal Complications ◽

Maternal Thyroid

Thyroid disease in pregnant women needs attention from a clinical and scientific standpoint due to the potential severe adverse consequences. It is well-established that overt thyroid disease in pregnant women should be treated to prevent maternal and fetal complications, but routine testing for overt thyroid function test abnormalities has not been implemented. In contrast, the scientific focus has shifted towards smaller aberrations in maternal thyroid function including subclinical thyroid disease and isolated deviations in maternal thyroxine. In this focused review, we touch upon the assessment of maternal thyroid function in pregnancy and how the historical advancements in thyroid function tests parallel with the thyroid function test abnormalities described. Furthermore, we discuss how the scientific focus has evolved and how the field could turn in view of the existing discrepancies between results of observational studies and randomized controlled trials.

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