scholarly journals Effect of Various Depth of Pupation On Adult Emergence of Interspecific Hybrid of Bactrocera Carambolae And Bactrocera Dorsalis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agus Susanto ◽  
Maura Gita Faradilla ◽  
Yayan Sumekar ◽  
Dwi Harya Yudistira ◽  
Wayan Murdita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Interspecific Hybrid ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽  
Bactrocera Carambolae ◽  
Emergence Rate

Abstract Bactrocera carambolae and B. dorsalis are genetically related in that both have the same type of host plant, and hybridization between B. carambolae and B. dorsalis may occur naturally. The depth of the pupation is one of the important factors in adult emergence rate. This objective of this study was to estimate the depth of the pupation that can suppress the emergence of adult interspecific hybrids of B. carambolae and B. dorsalis. The experiments consisting of seven depths of pupation treatments (4 cm, 10 cm, 20 cm, 30 cm, 40 cm, 50 cm, and 60 cm) with four replications. The results showed that 91% of the adult interspecific hybrids of B. carambolae and B. dorsalis emerged successfully at 4 cm depth of pupation. Furthermore, the emergence rate was found to decrease with the increase in pupation depth. Soil depths ranging between 50 and 60 cm can suppress the emergence rate of adult interspecific hybrids of B. carambolae and B. dorsalis.

scholarly journals Grape variety affects larval performance and also female reproductive performance of the European grapevine moth Lobesia botrana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Moreau ◽  
B. Benrey ◽  
D. Thiéry
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Lobesia Botrana ◽  
Larval Performance ◽  
European Grapevine Moth ◽  
Wild Grape ◽  
Larval Host ◽  
Fitness Index ◽  
Grapevine Moth

AbstractFor insect herbivores, the quality of the larval host plant is a key determinant of fitness. Therefore, insect populations are supposed to be positively correlated with the nutritional quality of their host plant. This study aimed to determine if and how different varieties of grapes (including the wild grape Lambrusque) affect both larval and adult performance of the polyphagous European grapevine moth Lobesia botrana (Denis & Schiffermüller). Significant differences were found in larval development time, but not in pupal mass, adult emergence rate, or sex ratio. Although the fecundity of females is not different among varieties, females fed on some varieties produced eggs of different sizes which are correlated to their fertility. Thus, females adapt resource allocation to eggs depending on their diet as larvae. Using a fitness index, the average reproductive output was found to be highest for females reared on cv. Chardonnay. Females reared on wild grape produced a fitness index identical to the cultivated grapes. However, Lambrusque and Gewurztraminer separate themselves from the cultivated varieties according to our discriminant analyses. It is emphasized, through this study, that cultivars fed on by larvae should be considered in the population dynamics of L. botrana and that egg number is insufficient to determine host plant quality.

scholarly journals Effect of Larval Nutritional Regimes on Morphometry and Vectorial Capacity of Aedes aegypti for Dengue Transmission

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nayana Gunathilaka ◽  
Hasini Upulika ◽  
Lahiru Udayanga ◽  
Deepika Amarasinghe
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Bovine Liver ◽  
Vectorial Capacity ◽  
Head Width ◽  
Larval Diet ◽  
Larval Food ◽  
Emergence Rate

Background. Nutritional level in larval diet of mosquito vectors influence on life history traits and vectorial capacity (VC). Therefore, the present study was carried out to assess the effect of larval diet concentration on vector bionomic and VC of Aedes aegypti in Sri Lanka. Method. Three batches of 400 Ae. aegypti larvae (first instar) were reared under different concentrations of larval diet (6%, 8%, and 10%; Volume/Volume), which was prepared by mixing 12.5 g of tuna meal, 9.0 g of bovine liver powder, and 3.5 g of Brewer’s yeast, in 100 ml of distilled water. The effect of larval diet concentration on different morphometric and functional parameters of larvae (length and width of head, abdomen, survival rate, and pupation success), pupae (length and width of cephalothorax, survival rate, and adult emersion), adult (length and width of thorax, abdomen, survival rate, longevity, biting frequency and fecundity of adults) were examined. In addition, VC of Ae. aegypti was evaluated. The General Linear Model (GLM) was used for the statistical analysis. Results. Larval head length, head width, thoracic width, abdominal length, abdominal width, total length, and survival rate significantly increased with higher doses of larval diet (P<0.05). In case of pupae, length, and width of cephalothorax, survival rate and adult emergence rate denoted an increasing trend with the elevated larval diets. However, the variations of survival rate and adult emergence rate were statistically significant (P<0.05). In adults, all morphometric parameters (thoracic length, abdominal length, abdominal width, and wing length) significantly increased with elevating larval diets levels (except for thoracic width) along with the biting frequency, fecundity, and survival rate (P<0.05) of adult females. The VC also denoted significant variations (F4,14 = 24.048; P<0.05) with the larval diet concentration, whereby the highest VC of 196.37 was observed at 10% treatment. Conclusion. Larval food availability has a significant influence on the adult fitness and thus may affect the incidence of dengue due to variations in the VC of Ae. aegypti. Hence, this investigation highlights the requirement in accounting the environmental variation at the larval stages in order to understand transmission dynamics and control of dengue in Sri Lanka.

scholarly journals Alternative facts: a reconsideration of putatively natural interspecific hybrid specimens in the genus Heliconius (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4499 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDREW V. Z. BROWER
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Hybrid ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Putative Hybrid ◽  
Actual Number ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Alternative Facts ◽  
Chain Of Custody ◽  
Alternative Species ◽  
Genomic Introgression

Mallet et al. (2007 BMC Evolutionary Biology, 7, 28) employed a database of putative interspecific hybrid specimens of the genus Heliconius to advance a hypothesis of "the species boundary as a continuum." Here, each of those specimens, as well as subsequently documented specimens, is individually reassessed regarding its phenotype, potential parentage and chain of custody in collections. Using a quantified scale of reliability, most of the specimens are interpreted differently than Mallet et al.'s identifications, and the actual number of interspecific hybrids is estimated to be much smaller than they proposed. To be specific, of 163 putative hybrid specimens examined, 11% suffered from ambiguous identity, 5% from confounding issues with their data labels, 50% were arguably intraspecific (depending upon alternative species concepts), and 22% were almost certainly reared, commercial specimens. Only eleven of the specimens meet the criteria established here to be legitimate and reliable interspecific hybrids, and all of those are between closely-related species. This result has potentially important implications for current hypotheses of frequent genomic introgression of wing pattern alleles among Heliconius clades. 

scholarly journals Quantification and Impact of Cold Storage and Heat Exposure on Mass Rearing Program of Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera:Tephritidae) Genetic Sexing Strain

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 821
Author(s):  
Jia Lin ◽  
Hanano Yamada ◽  
Ningfeng Lu ◽  
Guofu Ao ◽  
Weiwei Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Heat Exposure ◽  
Thermal Exposure ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Genetic Sexing ◽  
Emergence Rate ◽  
Genetic Sexing Strain ◽  
The Impact

Cold storage and heat exposure are crucial components of tephritid fruit fly mass-rearing programs, as they influence the development and fitness traits of produced flies. This work investigated the effects of cold storage on the pupal developmental parameters and quality of Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) genetic sexing strain (GSS) adults. Furthermore, the impact of short-term thermal exposure on the fecundity of B. dorsalis (GSS) that also underwent pupal cold storage was examined. Our results show that pupal development time, emergence rate, partial emergence rate, flight ability and fecundity were significantly affected by low temperature and pupal age and their interaction. Pupal cold storage did not pose negative impacts on the mating competition and response to methyl eugenol (ME) in the males. In addition, compared with the adults that were subjected to the same pupal storage protocol (five-day-old pupae stored at 13 °C), adult exposure to 41 °C for 1 h showed significant reparative effects on fecundity. In summary, the cold storage procedure of B. dorsalis (GSS) pupae has the potential to improve the flexibility and efficiency of mass-rearing schedules. Furthermore, short-term thermal exposure showed reparative effects on the fecundity costs induced by pupal cold storage in B. dorsalis (GSS).

Superparasitism Occasionally Predisposes Cotesia marginiventris (Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) to Develop Gregariously in Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)1

2002 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Wellington Riddick
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Spodoptera Exigua ◽  
Host Density ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Cotesia Marginiventris ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Emergence Rate ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Density Treatment

Experiments were designed to estimate the incidence of superparasitism of Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) and gregarious development of Cotesia marginiventris (Cresson). Dissections of host larvae revealed that superparasitism was common at all host densities (5, 10, or 20 larvae per 0.05 liter arena). At least two parasitoid eggs were present per host on day 1 after parasitoid oviposition; eggs were scarcely found on day 2 and never found on days 3, 4 or 5. More than one parasitoid first instar was present per host on day 2 at all densities, although more were found in hosts of the 5 density rather than the 20 density treatment. Second instars were present in hosts on days 3, 4 and 5, and at least one was present per host on day 5. Third instars (the final instar stage) were not present inside hosts by day 5. Rearing of host larvae demonstrated that gregarious development was rare, since less than 6% of parasitized hosts yielded two third instars that spun cocoons. Neither host density nor exposure time (24 h, 48 h) had an effect on the occurrence of gregarious development. The adult emergence rate was 64% and the sex ratio was male-biased for parasitoids that developed gregariously. The adult emergence rate was 73% and the sex ratio was unbiased for those that developed solitarily. This research suggests that superparasitism of hosts by C. marginiventris can occasionally predispose parasitoid larvae to develop gregariously. Frequent superparasitism of hosts may be detrimental to the long-term propagation of C. marginiventris.

A simple rearing technique for larvae and observations on the larval biology of Australian ‘splendid ghost moths’, Aenetus (Herrich-Schäffer, 1855) (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 43-51
Author(s):  
ETHAN PEREGRINE BEAVER ◽  
JOHN GREHAN
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Larval Biology ◽  
New Host ◽  
Distribution Ranges ◽  
Associate Species

It is difficult to associate species of the wood-boring moth in the genus Aenetus with their host plant, because larvae develop inside live trees. A new method is described for rearing larvae of Aenetus eximia, A. lewinii, A. blackburnii, A. ligniveren and A. scotti in cut stems of trees containing larval tunnels by feeding them apple pieces. Larvae that completed development were reared from 49 to 396 days after collection from the field. Aspects of larval feeding webs and adult emergence are described, and new host records are documented. The rearing method is shown to provide an effective means of accurately determining the species of Aenetus developing inside a given host plant.  It was more convenient than obtaining pupae or emerging adults in the field, which is often not possible to do. The method should be useful for conducting surveys, particularly for species with wide distribution ranges. This method may also be effective for the study of other genera of callus feeding, stem boring Hepialidae, such as Archaeoaenetus, Endoclita, Phassus, Schausiana and Zeloptypia.

CYTOTAXONOMY OF THE SPECIES AND INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDS OF THE GENUS ELYMUS IN CANADA AND NEIGHBORING AREAS

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 547-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wray M. Bowden
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Introduced Species ◽  
Interspecific Hybrid ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Voucher Specimens ◽  
Elymus Canadensis ◽  
Elymus Species

A cytotaxonomic treatment is given for 12 native species, 2 introduced species, and 3 natural interspecific hybrids of the genus Elymus L. that occur in Canada. Five of the native Elymus species and an additional natural interspecific hybrid are found in Alaska. Eleven of the native species, one introduced species, and two of the natural interspecific hybrids are present in the mainland United States. Some additional native species and natural interspecific hybrids of Elymus from the mainland United States are treated briefly.Nomenclatural proposals include: Elymusglaucus Buckl. var. virescens (Piper) Bowden; E. ×uclueletensis Bowden (E. mollis Trin. f. mollis × E. glaucus Buckl. var. glaucus); E. × aleuticus Hultén (pro sp.) (E. mollis Trin. f. mollis × E. hirsutus Presl); E. canadensis L. var. wiegandii (Fern.) Bowden f. wiegandii and f. calvescens (Fern.) Bowden; E. ×maltei Bowden nm. maltei, nm. simulans Bowden, nm. churchii Bowden, and nm. brownii Bowden (E. virginicus L. × E. canadensis L.); E. virginicus L. var. jenkinsii Bowden; E. hystrix L. var. bigelovianus (Fern.) Bowden; E.piperi Bowden; E. innovatus Beal subsp. innovatus var. glabratus Bowden; and E. triticoides Buckl. var. pacificus (Gould) Bowden. Hystrixpatula Moench is here treated as Elymushystrix L.Voucher specimens are cited for the following chromosome number determinations:(1) diploid, 2n = 14: Elymusjunceus.(2) tetraploid, 2n = 28: Elymus canadensis var. canadensis, E. canadensis var. wiegandii f. wiegandii, E. diversiglumis, E. glaucus var. glaucus, E. glaucus var. virescens, E. hirsutus, E, hystrix var. hystrix, E. hystrix var. bigelovianus, E. innovatus subsp. innovatus var. innovatus, E. × maltei nm. maltei, E. riparius, E. sibiricus, E. villosus f. villosus, E. virginicus var. virginicus f. virginicus, and E. virginicus var. submuticus.Earlier literature reports (based on voucher specimens) are given for the following:(1) tetraploid, 2n = 28: Elymus mollis (two subsp. and three forms), E. piperi, and E. × vancouverensis nm. crescentianus.(2) hexaploid, 2n = 42: Elymus × vancouverensis nm. vancouverensis, and E. × vancouverensis nm. californicus.(3) octoploid, 2n = 56: Elymus arenarius, E. innovatus subsp. velutinus, and E. piperi.

scholarly journals Nonhost Status of Mangosteen to Bactrocera dorsalis and Bactrocera carambolae (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Thailand

2014 ◽  
Vol 107 (4) ◽  
pp. 1355-1361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Udorn Unahawutti ◽  
Rachada Intarakumheng ◽  
Pitawat Oonthonglang ◽  
Salukjit Phankum ◽  
Peter A. Follett
Keyword(s):  
Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽  
Bactrocera Carambolae

scholarly journals LINKAGE RELATIONSHIPS OF SIX ENZYME LOCI IN INTERSPECIFIC SUNFISH HYBRIDS (GENUS LEPOMIS)

Genetics ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-350
Author(s):  
T E Wheat ◽  
G S Whitt ◽  
W F Childers
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Malate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Interspecific Hybrid ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Biochemical Genetics ◽  
Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Glycerophosphate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Backcross Hybrids ◽  
Nuclear Loci ◽  
Linkage Relationships

ABSTRACT Backcross hybrids produced from the bluegill, the red-ear sunfish, and their F1 interspecific hybrid have been analyzed for the inheritance of six enzyme phenotypes. Malate dehydrogenase A and B, tetrazolium oxidase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, skeletal muscle esterase, and liver α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase are all inherited in a mendelian manner as codominant alleles at nuclear loci. 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase are encoded by linked loci, undergoing recombination at a frequency of 15%-22%. No other case of linkage was observed. The absence of linkage between the homologous malate dehydrogenase loci is of particular interest. These interspecific hybrids appear to be very useful for studies of biochemical genetics.

scholarly journals Kelimpahan dan Dominansi Bactrocera spp. (Diptera: Tephritidae) pada perangkap metil eugenol di Pertanaman Cabai (Capsicum annuum L.), Desa Paya Benua, Bangka

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-41
Author(s):  
Herry Marta Saputra ◽  
Sarinah Sarinah ◽  
Mardian Hasanah
Keyword(s):  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽  
Capsicum Annuum L ◽  
Bactrocera Carambolae

Lalat buah Bactrocera spp. merupakan salah satu hama penting pada tanaman cabai. Tingkat kerusakan akibat serangan lalat buah pada buah cabai berkisar 60-80%. Kelimpahan dan dominansi spesies lalat buah di pertanaman cabai masih terbatas informasinya, khususnya di Pulau Bangka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kelimpahan dan dominansi spesies lalat buah yang terdapat di area pertanaman cabai di Desa Paya Benua, Bangka. Penelitian ini dilakukan di tiga kebun cabai yang berlokasi di Desa Paya Benua, Bangka. Koleksi lalat buah dilakukan dengan menggunakan perangkap steiner yang diberi metil eugenol dan pada tiap lokasi dipasang empat buah perangkap. Perangkap dipasang pada pagi (06.00-10.00 WIB), siang (10.00-14.00 WIB), dan sore (14.00-18.00 WIB). Adapun, jumlah lalat buah yang diperoleh selama penelitian sebanyak 899 spesimen. Spesies lalat buah yang terperangkap pada perangkap metil eugenol pada pertanaman cabai di Desa Paya Benua, Bangka adalah Bactrocera carambolae, Bactrocera dorsalis, dan Bactrocera umbrosa. Jumlah lalat buah Bactrocera carambolae, B. dorsalis, dan B. umbrosa berturut-turut yaitu 251, 546, dan 102 individu. Lalat buah Bactrocera dorsalis adalah spesies dominan di pertanaman cabai di Desa Paya Benua, Bangka.

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