Diversity of Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) on Sweet Orange Plantations in Central Bangka Regency, Bangka Belitung Islands Province

Central Bangka Regency is one of central orange production in Bangka Belitung Islands Province. One of the important pests of sweet orange plants is fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae). This research aimed to study the diversity of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) on sweet orange plantations in Central Bangka Regency, Bangka Belitung Islands Province. The fruit flies were collected using Lynfield traps which installed in three villages producing sweet oranges in Central Bangka Regency. The types of attractants used to trap male fruit flies are methyl eugenol and cue lure. The fruit flies collected during the study were 4795 individuals, 3 genera, and 14 species. Fruit flies collected from the methyl eugenol were different compared to those collected using lure attractant trap. Most species (13 species) of fruit fly were found in Terentang village, and the rest was same (9 species). Bactrocera carambolae and B. dorsalis were the dominant fruit fly species in the three research locations.

Effect of Various Depth of Pupation On Adult Emergence of Interspecific Hybrid of Bactrocera Carambolae And Bactrocera Dorsalis

Bactrocera carambolae and B. dorsalis are genetically related in that both have the same type of host plant, and hybridization between B. carambolae and B. dorsalis may occur naturally. The depth of the pupation is one of the important factors in adult emergence rate. This objective of this study was to estimate the depth of the pupation that can suppress the emergence of adult interspecific hybrids of B. carambolae and B. dorsalis. The experiments consisting of seven depths of pupation treatments (4 cm, 10 cm, 20 cm, 30 cm, 40 cm, 50 cm, and 60 cm) with four replications. The results showed that 91% of the adult interspecific hybrids of B. carambolae and B. dorsalis emerged successfully at 4 cm depth of pupation. Furthermore, the emergence rate was found to decrease with the increase in pupation depth. Soil depths ranging between 50 and 60 cm can suppress the emergence rate of adult interspecific hybrids of B. carambolae and B. dorsalis.

Diversity and species composition of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Lombok Island, Indonesia

Hudiwaku S, Himawan T, Rizali A. 2021. Diversity and species composition of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Lombok Island, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 4608-4616. Fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) are pests of several horticultural crops that can reduce the quality and quantity of fruit production. Information on fruit flies in Lombok Island, Indonesia, is still limited. However, it is predicted to have a high diversity of fruit flies because this island belongs to the Wallacea region. The aims of this research was to study the diversity and species composition of fruit flies in different habitat types in Lombok Island. The research was carried out on two habitat types, i.e., tropical rainforest and orchard with each habitat type consisted of three different sites that located spread across Lombok Island as replication. The research was carried out on two habitat types, i.e., tropical rainforest and orchard, with each habitat type consisted of three different sites spread across Lombok Island as replication. A sampling of fruit flies was conducted using parapheromone traps from March to June 2020. Twenty-two species and 210,267 individual fruit flies were collected from all locations during the study period. The most dominant species were Bactrocera carambolae, Bactrocera limbifera, Zeugodacus caudatus, and Bactrocera dorsalis. Based on the ANOVA, habitat types significantly affected the abundance but not the species richness of fruit flies. The visualization results obtained from the NMDS ordination indicated a difference in the species composition of fruit flies between the two habitats. In conclusion, habitat types are an essential factor in shaping the community of fruit flies in Lombok Island.

DIVERSITY OF FRUIT FLIES (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE) ATTRACTED BY ME LURE IN CSC-BG GERMPLASM CARAMBOLA PLANTATION

Diversity of fruit flies (Diptera: tephritidae) attracted by me lure in CSG-BG germplasm carambolae plantation. Germplasm Garden (KPN) Cibinong Science Center-Botanical Garden (CSC-BG) is one of the gardens that conserve and utilizes Indonesian local germplasm, one of which is carambolae. The current problem in KPN is the attack of fruit flies (Bactrocera spp.). This study was conducted to determine the diversity of fruit flies in the KPN carambola plantation area. A total of eight traps were placed randomly in the plantation area. Each trap contained 1 mL of methyl eugenol pheromone solution. Identification of fruit flies was carried out based on three morphological differences, they were wings, abdomen, and hind legs. There were 317 fruit flies collected and separated into three species, namely Bactrocera carambolae, B. papayae, dan B. umbrosa, of which B. carambolae had a dominance index of 0.74 and abundance index of 85%. Data on the types of fruit flies can be used as primary data to determine the preparation of pest prevention efforts.

Pengaruh formulasi metil eugenol block plus terhadap tangkapan lalat buah Bactrocera spp. pada tanaman cabai

Fruit fly Bactrocera spp. is one of important pests in chili pepper. The use of methyl eugenol (ME) block plus as an attractant in traps is one method of controlling fruit flies populations. This study aims to find out the appropriate formulation of ME block plus formulation in increasing fruit fly catches on chili pepper. The experiment was carried out from January to April 2018 in Lembang Village, Lembang District, West Bandung Regency. The experiment used a randomized block design consists of eight treatments and three replications. The treatments tested were ME 2 ml was applied to all treatments using cotton; block; chili essence 4 ml block; 4 ml block of guava essence; orange essence 4 ml block; starfruit essence 4 ml block; mango essence 4 ml block; an attractant block product with the active ingredient ME. Although the results showed that all the treatments tested could not attract female fruit flies, the essence formulation was successful in attracting male fruit flies by 87%. The 4 ml chili essence in the 2 ml ME block formulation was the most effective treatment to increase male fruit fly catches by as much as 377 fruit flies/traps/week specifically the species Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), Bactrocera carambolae Drew & Hancock, Bactrocera umbrosa Fabricius, and hybrid fruit flies B. dorsalis x B. carambolae.

Uji Beberapa Dosis Minyak Daun Kemangi Ocimum basilicum Linnaeus sebagai Atraktan terhadap Bactrocera spp. pada Tanaman Cabai

Fruit flies, Bactrocera spp., are the primary pests on chili plants (Capsicum annuum Linnaeus). A safe and effective control uses traps combined with an attractant from basil leaf oil (Ocimum basilicum Linnaeus). This study aimed to determine the attractiveness of basil leaf oil against fruit flies at several different doses. This research was carried out in Organic Chemistry Laboratory STIFARM Padang, in Tabek Patah Tanah Datar area West Sumatra, and in the Pest Disease Observation and Development of Biological Agents Laboratory, Bukittinggi, West Sumatra, from June to August 2020. The treatment was in the form of different doses of basil leaf oil, which was 0,5 ml per trap, 1.0 ml per trap, 1.5 ml per trap, 2.0 ml per trap, and 2.5 ml per trap. The experiment used a completely randomized design with five treatments and three replications. This study found two species of fruit flies around chili plants, namely Bactrocera papayae and Bactrocera carambolae, which were dominated by male B. papayae. The traps containing 1.5 ml of basil leaf oil attracted the most fruit flies. Temperature and humidity significantly affect the abundance of individual fruit flies.

New host plants records of Bactrocera carambolae Drew & Hancock, 1994 and Anastrepha spp. (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Brazil

In this work we report five new host plants of Bactrocera carambolae Drew & Hancock, 1994 as well as new records of hosts of Anastrepha bahiensis Lima, 1937, Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann, 1830), and Anastrepha striata Schiner, 1868 from samplings carried out in Mazagão county, Amapá-Brazil.

Bactrocera carambolae Drew & Hancock (Diptera:Tephritidae): Riscos para a Fruticultura Brasileira

Os insetos-praga representam uma importante fonte de perdas agrícolas em todo o globo. Situação que é maximizada pela introdução de espécies fora da sua área natural de ocorrência, levando os países a elaborarem listas de quarentena a fim de proteger sua produção interna e não comprometerem suas exportações de produtos agrícolas. Nesse sentido, essa pesquisa busca revisar e analisar o potencial invasivo e riscos da Bactrocera carambolae Drew & Hancock 1994 (Diptera:Tephritidae), importante praga da fruticultura mundial e praga quarentenária presente no Brasil. Bactrocera carambolae é uma espécie de mosca-das-frutas oriunda do sudeste asiático e que infesta uma grande diversidade de frutíferas, tanto nativas, como de interesse econômico. No Brasil, seu registro inicial é datado de 1996 no estado do Amapá, e atualmente além desse estado, foi reportada nos estados do Pará e Roraima. No país já infesta 21 hospedeiros, entre eles acerola, carambola, caju, goiaba, manga e tangerina, e apresenta potencial de adentrar mercados agrícolas importantes, como o polo de fruticultura irrigada do Vale do São Francisco. Bactrocera carambolae representa sérios riscos para a fruticultura brasileira, principalmente pela potencial exclusão de mercados para exportação de frutas. Dessa forma, ações de controle e erradicação dessa praga precisam ser mantidas e aperfeiçoadas, buscando-se evitar severos danos socioeconômicos para a cadeia produtiva de frutas no Brasil.

Diversity and Host Range of Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Horticultural Commodities in Lembah Seulawah District, Aceh Besar Regency, Aceh Province, Indonesia

Accurate information on the species and host spectrum is an important aspect of fruit flies management. The study was conducted in August to November 2018 to evaluate the host range and species diversity of fruit flies in Lembah Seulawah District, Aceh Besar Regency, Aceh Province, Indonesia. Fruit flies were collected from 3 villages in Kemukiman Saree: Suka Damai, Suka Mulia, and Saree Aceh. The insects were collected using the trapping method. The modified Lynfield trap baited with methyl eugenol (ME) was used in the research. This modified Lynfield trap was applied using used mineral bottles. Shannon-Wiener diversity index, evenness index, and dominance were applied to determine the diversity of fruit flies. The results revealed that there were six species of fruit flies that acted as pests in 21 species of host plants belonged to 12 families. They were Bactrocera carambolae, Bactrocera latifrons, Bactrocera limbifera, Bactrocera papayae, Bactrocera umbrosa, and Bactrocera verbascifoliae. B. carambolae was found to be dominant insect pest even though the results indicated that diversity and evenness index of fruit flies species in this district were low.