scholarly journals Changes in Community Composition Following Secondary Succession of a Temperate Oak-hornbeam Forest After Grassland Abandonment and Their Effect on Soil Carbon and Nutrient Pools

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antun Jelinčić ◽  
Dora Papković ◽  
Željka Zgorelec ◽  
Aleksandra Perčin
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Secondary Succession ◽  
Available P ◽  
Nutrient Cycle ◽  
Species Number ◽  
Tree Biomass ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Plant Available P

Abstract BackgroundTo date, changes in C and nutrient cycling during succession are somewhat studied, however, results are often contrasting for different nutrients and successional sequences. Generally, due to increment of litter rich in lignocellulosic components during late succession, mineralization of nutrients is expected to decelerate, and large amounts of nutrients become captivated within tree biomass. We investigated the changes in community composition following secondary succession of oak-hornbeam forest after grassland abandonment, along with the differences in soil chemistry between early- and late- successional stages. We aimed to discover whether late succession increases soil organic C and total N and S pool, but decreases the pools of plant available P and K, and that of micronutrients due to their captivation within the tree biomass. ResultsThe successional sequence studied had a following pathway: Helictotrichon pubescens haypastures à Brachypodium pinnatum successional grasslands à Cornus sanguinea scrubs à late-successional Populus tremula forests à late-successional oak-hornbeam (Quercus-Carpinus) forests. Total species number was highest in haypastures and lowest in late-successional P. tremula forest. Species richness of haypastures was higher from that of mid-successional scrub and late-successional forest stages. Species richness did not differ between mid-successional scrub and late-successional forest stages. Occurrences of plant species throughout secondary succession was mostly stage-specific; only Fragaria vesca, Ajuga reptans, Cornus sanguinea, Prunus spinosa, and Viola hirta showed survival ability throughout almost all stages. Late-successional forest stages had a higher soil organic carbon (SOC), soil organic matter (SOM), and KA concentration, along with the higher soil C:N and C:S ratio in A horizon compared to early-successional grassland stages, whereas concentrations of plant available P and total N, S, Mn, Zn, Ni, Cu, and Fe remained unaltered.ConclusionsEven though late-successional forest stages tighten the nutrient cycles through nutrient captivation within the tree biomass, we found that late succession efficiently retained PA and micronutrient pools and even increased KA concentration in the A horizon, despite the fact that great amounts of these nutrients were already excluded from the nutrient cycle. Despite the contradicting C inputs, soil total N and S concentration did not differ between late-successional forest and early-successional grassland stages.

scholarly journals Changes in Community Composition Following Secondary Succession of a Temperate Oak-hornbeam Forest After Grassland Abandonment and Their Effect on Soil Carbon and Nutrient Pools

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antun Jelinčić ◽  
Dora Papković ◽  
Željka Zgorelec ◽  
Aleksandra Perčin
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Secondary Succession ◽  
Available P ◽  
Nutrient Cycle ◽  
Species Number ◽  
Tree Biomass ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Plant Available P

Abstract To date, changes in C and nutrient cycling during succession are somewhat studied, however, results are often contrasting for different nutrients and successional sequences. Generally, due to increment of litter rich in lignocellulosic components during late succession, mineralization of nutrients is expected to decelerate, and large amounts of nutrients become captivated within tree biomass. We investigated the changes in community composition following secondary succession of oak-hornbeam forest after grassland abandonment, along with the differences in soil chemistry between early- and late- successional stages. We aimed to discover whether late succession increases soil organic C and total N and S pool, but decreases the pools of plant available P and K, and that of micronutrients due to their captivation within the tree biomass.The successional sequence studied had a following pathway: Helictotrichon pubescens haypastures à Brachypodium pinnatum successional grasslands à Cornus sanguinea scrubs à late-successional Populus tremula forests à late-successional oak-hornbeam (Quercus-Carpinus) forests. Total species number was highest in haypastures and lowest in late-successional P. tremula forest. Species richness of haypastures was higher from that of mid-successional scrub and late-successional forest stages. Species richness did not differ between mid-successional scrub and late-successional forest stages. Occurrences of plant species throughout secondary succession was mostly stage-specific; only Fragaria vesca, Ajuga reptans, Cornus sanguinea, Prunus spinosa, and Viola hirta showed survival ability throughout almost all stages. Late-successional forest stages had a higher soil organic carbon (SOC), soil organic matter (SOM), and KA concentration, along with the higher soil C:N and C:S ratio in A horizon compared to early-successional grassland stages, whereas concentrations of plant available P and total N, S, Mn, Zn, Ni, Cu, and Fe remained unaltered.Even though late-successional forest stages tighten the nutrient cycles through nutrient captivation within the tree biomass, we found that late succession efficiently retained PA and micronutrient pools and even increased KA concentration in the A horizon, despite the fact that great amounts of these nutrients were already excluded from the nutrient cycle. Despite the contradicting C inputs, soil total N and S concentration did not differ between late-successional forest and early-successional grassland stages.

Effect of grazing on chemical and physical properties of an earthy sand in the Western Australian Mulga Zone

1986 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
RB Hacker
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Available P ◽  
Grazing Impact ◽  
Winter Rainfall ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Chemical Enrichment ◽  
Exchangeable Ca ◽  
Western Australian

An earthy sand supporting a mulga shrubland community in the arid winter rainfall zone in Western Australia is characterized in terms of its chemical and physical properties. In this study, changes in these properties with overgrazing were investigated. Nutrient levels were low in relation to some soils supporting mulga communities elsewhere in Australia. Marked accumulations of total N, organic C and exchangeable Ca occurred in the hummocks of wind blown material surrounding surface obstructions. Improved water relationships are probably responsible for the abundance of ephemeral growth on such areas, and for their subsequent chemical enrichment. Changes in chemical properties with depth were evident for pH, total N, organic C, available P and exchangeable Mg with values decreasing from the 0-2 cm layer to the 2-10 cm layer in all cases. Chemical changes associated with overgrazing were restricted to the 0-2 cm layer. Some trends towards lower levels of organic C, total N, and available P could be distinguished, particularly for organic C and total N in hummock surfaces, but chemical parameters generally did not provide a sensitive measure of grazing impact. Sorptivity varied between the sandy and crusted phases of the soil mosaic and was reduced on sites in very poor condition. Sorptivity changes under grazing were apparently mediated partly by changes in the structural properties of the soil crust. There was no significant effect of overgrazing on either the bulk density of the surface (sub-crust) soil or on summer surface temperatures.

Effect of phosphorus, farmyard manure and nitrogen on some soil properties in a soya bean-maize sequence

1986 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 555-559
Author(s):  
P. M. Nimje ◽  
Jagdish Seth
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Available P ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Phosphorus Application ◽  
Water Holding

SUMMARYThe effects of applying phosphorus, farmyard manure (FYM) and nitrogen on some soil properties were studied at the end of 2 years of field experimentation at New Delhi, India. Each year a crop of soya bean sown in the rainy season received phosphorus and farmyard manure and maize sown in winter received nitrogen fertilizer. Phosphorus was applied to soya bean at 0, 40 and 80 kg P2O5/ha, farmyard manure at 0 and 15 t/ha and nitrogen to maize at 0, 60 and 120 kg N/ha. Phosphorus application increased organic C, total N and available P status of the soil. It also improved bulk density and water-holding capacity of the soil. Farmyard manure increased organic C, total N, available P and K and pH of the soil, but decreased EC and bulk density of the soil. Water-holding capacity of the soil was increased by FYM. N fertilizer increased organic C and total N only.

scholarly journals Multi-trophic communities re-establish with canopy cover and microclimate in a subtropical forest biodiversity experiment

Oecologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Fornoff ◽  
Michael Staab ◽  
Chao-Dong Zhu ◽  
Alexandra-Maria Klein
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Trophic Position ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Tree Diversity ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Tree Biomass ◽  
Wasp Species

AbstractPlant diversity affects multi-trophic communities, but in young regrowth forests, where forest insects are in the process of re-establishment, other biotic and also abiotic factors might be more important. We studied cavity-nesting bees, wasps and their natural enemies along an experimental tree diversity gradient in subtropical South-East China. We compared insect communities of experimental young forests with communities of established natural forests nearby the experiment and tested for direct and indirect effects of tree diversity, tree basal area (a proxy of tree biomass), canopy cover and microclimate on bee and wasp community composition, abundance and species richness. Finally, we tested if the trophic levels of bees, herbivore-hunting wasps, spider-hunting wasps and their natural enemies respond similarly. Forest bee and wasp community composition re-established towards communities of the natural forest with increasing tree biomass and canopy cover. These factors directly and indirectly, via microclimatic conditions, increased the abundance of bees, wasps and their natural enemies. While bee and wasp species richness increased with abundance and both were not related to tree diversity, abundance increased directly with canopy cover, mediated by tree biomass. Abundance of natural enemies increased with host (bee and wasp) abundance irrespective of their trophic position. In conclusion, although maximizing tree diversity is an important goal of reforestation and forest conservation, rapid closure of canopies is also important for re-establishing communities of forest bees, wasps and their natural enemies.

scholarly journals The Effects of Mixed Source Fertilizer Application on Vertisol Fertility and Growth of Mustard

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-148
Author(s):  
Jauhari Syamsiyah ◽  
Sumarno Sumarno ◽  
Suryono Suryono ◽  
Nur Echsan Muhamat Rajab ◽  
Ida Aryaningrum
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Available P ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Exchangeable K

Soil fertility is a crucial factor determining the growth and yield of plants. The increase of nutrient content and availability in soil can be achieved by fertilization. A field experiment was conducted using a Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with two factors and three replications in order to study the effects of Mixed Source of Fertilizer (MSF) application on the nutrient contents in Vertisol and its relationship to the growth and yield of mustard. The first factor was the three MSF formulas (F1, F2, F3) and second factor was the doses of MSF (0; 2.5; 5.0; 7.5; 10 Mg ha-1) applied to the soil. At the end of the experiment, the soil pH, CEC, organic-C, total-N, available-P and exchangeable-K contents were measured. The results show that there are no significant differences on the soil chemical characteristics, such as pH, organic-C content, available-P, exchangeable-K, -Ca and -Mg measured after application of different MSF formulas to the soil. Meanwhile, the increase of MSF doses applied to the soil significantly increases organic-C content, total-N, available-P and exchangeable-K in the soil. The significant increase of available-P (by 29.13%) and total-N (by 24.1%) occured after application of MSF at 5.0 Mg ha-1 and the increase of exchangeable-K (by 50%) is achieved after application of 7.5 Mg ha-1, in comparison to that without MSF application. The height and fresh weight of mustard increase in accordance with the increase of MSF doses applied. The application of 10.0 Mg ha-1 MSF results in the highest height and fresh weight of the mustard up to 63.9% and 620%, respectively. The height and fresh weight of mustard are positively correlated to the total-N, available-P and exchangeable-K in the soil. The MSF is an alternative fertilizer that can be used to improve Vertisol fertility and plant growth. 

scholarly journals Recovery of Forest Soil Chemical Properties Following Soil Rehabilitation Treatments

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megdad Jourgholami ◽  
Somayeh Khajavi ◽  
Eric R. Labelle
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Control Area ◽  
Soil Chemical Properties ◽  
Water Diversion ◽  
Available P ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Available Nutrients ◽  
Diversion Structure

Several rehabilitation treatments have been applied to mitigate runoff and sediment in machine trafficked areas following logging operations, while the knowledge on the consequence of these remediation techniques on the recovery of soil properties remains scarce. The objective of the study was to determine the effect of different rehabilitation treatments including sawdust mulch (SM), water diversion structure (WDS), untreated/bare trail (U), and undisturbed or control area (UND) on the recovery of soil chemical properties over a six-year period after machine-induced compaction occurred on three longitudinal trail gradients (10, 20, and 30 %).In each treatment, the following soil properties were measured: litter thickness, pH, EC, soil organic C, total N, and available P, K, Ca, and Mg. Five sampling plots (with 10 m length and 4 m width) were positioned in each trail gradient classes and three of these plots were randomly considered for soil sampling.The results demonstrate that litter thickness differed among the three treatments, with the highest amount present on the UND area and lowest on the U treatment. Meanwhile, the highest pH (6.75), EC (0.21 Ds m−1), N (0.27 %), available P (14.61 mg kg−1), available K (123.5 mg kg−1), available Ca (135.1 mg kg−1), and available Mg (42.1 mg kg−1) and the lowest C (1.21 %) and C/N ratio (7.83 %) were found on the SM with gradient of 10 % compared to other gradient classes on SM, WDS and, U treatments. The recovery value of litter depth, pH, EC, C, N, C/N ratio, and available nutrients (P, K, Ca, and Mg) were higher on the SM than the WDS at the gradient of 10 %, while significantly higher levels of these variables were measured under WDS installed on trail gradients of 30 % and 20 % when compared with the same gradients on SM. Results of the study revealed that soil chemical properties showed some evidence of recovery following SM and WDS rehabilitation treatments compared to U, although these properties did not fully recover within 6 years as compared to UND area.

scholarly journals The effect of land use on soil quality in Giriwoyo Sub-district, Wonogiri Regency

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 2559-2568
Author(s):  
M Mujiyo ◽  
Yosua Yoga Setyawan ◽  
Aktavia Herawati ◽  
Hery Widijanto
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Available P ◽  
Soil Quality Index ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C

Determination of soil quality in Giriwoyo Sub-district, Wonogiri Regency, will generate a Soil Quality Index which can be used as a reference for soil cultivation for optimal productivity. This research was a descriptive exploratory with a survey approach. The survey area consisted of 12 land mapping units (LMU) with 3 replications for each LMU. Determination of LMU based on soil type, land use, slope and rainfall. The parameters used were BD (bulk density), porosity, organic C, pH, CEC (cation exchange capacity), BS (base saturation), available P, available K, total N, and MBC (microbial biomass carbon) that represented the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) analysis was performed to obtain the Minimum Data Set (MDS). The Soil Quality Index (SQI) at each LMU was calculated by multiplying the PCA result score (Wi) with the score for each selected indicator (Si). The result showed that the Soil Quality Index at each LMU was low. The highest Soil Quality Index was found in fields land use with an SQI of 0.34. The soil indicator that limited the soil quality was available P.

Karakteristik Kimia - Fisika Tanah Bekas Tambang Semen Yang Ditambah Sekam Padi atau Serbuk Gergaji dan Pertumbuhan Wodyetia bifurcata A.K. Irvine

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Slamet Santosa ◽  
Muhamad Ruslan Umar ◽  
Meirini R. Bakri
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Growth Medium ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Available P ◽  
Rice Husks ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Number Of Leaves

The cement industry only takes the top clay and the next layer of soil is left unused. This study was aimed to analyze some of the chemical and physical properties of the ex-mining land of cement which added with rice husks or sawdust and the growth of Wodyetia bifurcata seedlings. A growth medium is made from ex-mining land of cement by the addition of rice husk or sawdust with a different amount of material percentage. All the growth medium contains organic C ranges of 0.56-3.09%, total N ranges of 0.09-0.33%, available P ranges of 8.42-31.16mg/100g, available K ranges of 6.54-16.32mg/100g, and bulk density ranging of 0.24-1.09gcm-3. The seedling height growth of Wodyetia bifurcate about 13.5 - 15.2 cm, the range of stem diameter is 0,71-0,86 cm, the root length about20.2-29.8 cm, the number of leaves is 2.2-2.8, as well as seed quality index ranging of 0.09-0.13. The addition of 50% rice husk (B2) produced organic C, total N, available P and K and bulk density of the ex-mining land of cement and provides the highest growth of Wodyetia bifurcata A.K. Irvine seedlings.

BURNING CROP RESIDUES: EFFECT ON SELECTED SOIL CHARACTERISTICS AND LONG-TERM WHEAT YIELDS

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. DORMAAR ◽  
U. J. PITTMAN ◽  
E. D. SPRATT
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Chelating Resin ◽  
Available P ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Water Stable Aggregates ◽  
Straw Burning

Soils from a long-term spring wheat — spring wheat — fallow crop rotation study at Lethbridge, Alberta, and two similar crop rotations at Indian Head, Saskatchewan, were analyzed for pH, organic C, total N, chelating resin-extractable C, polysaccharides, water-stable aggregates, NH4-N, NO3-N, and available P. Several agronomic practices, including straw burning, have been tested in the rotations. At Lethbridge, soil samples from the straw-burning treatment showed a decrease (P < 0.05) in soil polysaccharides and in the percentage of water-stable aggregates. At Indian Head, where straw was burned, organic C and polysaccharide content of all soils were decreased (P < 0.05), and NH4-N and available P were decreased (P < 0.05) in some soils. The other soil characteristics examined were not affected by burning of the previous crop residue or, as with available P, reacted differently at different sites. Long-term wheat yields tended to be greater in all experiments when straw was not burned. On the basis of the results obtained, burning of crop residues on a long-term basis must be discouraged.

scholarly journals DEGRADASI KARBON, NITROGEN, DAN FOSFOR TANAH PASCA KEBAKARAN LAHAN DI KEBUN KELAPA SAWIT, PROVINSI LAMPUNG

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-340
Author(s):  
Renaldi Sambo Eka Saputra ◽  
Syahrul Kurniawan
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Available P ◽  
Fire Intensity ◽  
Soil Organic C ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Oil Palm Plantation

Agricultural practices, especially land clearing by burning in peat-land, usually causes land-fire and result in nutrient degradation of peat-land. The research was aimed to assess nutrient content (i.e. C, N, P) in oil palm plantation within peatlands post land fire. The study was conducted on Tulang Bawang regency, Lampung Province. Soil samples were collected from two locations with different intensity of land fire, i.e. field with low intensity of land fire (land A) and land with high intensity of land fire (land B). In each land, the soil was taken from two depths (i.e. 0-10 cm and 10-30 cm) in three different zones of oil palm plantation, named as fertilization area, frond stack, and harvested path, with three replications of each. The variable measured including soil organic C, total N, and available P. Prior to statistical analysis, the data were tested normality. The result showed that the location with low intensity of land fire (land A) had higher soil organic C, total N, and available P at 0-10 cm and 10-30 cm depths of soil as compared to the area with high land fire intensity (land B). Application of N fertilizer and liming resulted in a higher total N at 0-10 cm depth of soil and available P (in the land A) in fertilization area as compared to frond stack and harvest path areas, both in land A and land B. Available P in land B at 0-10 cm and 10-30 cm soil depth in the fertilization area was lower than harvest path and frond stack areas, and this was probably due to the high losses through leaching and/or uptake by palm oil.

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