scholarly journals Caloric Restriction Overcomes Pre-Diabetic and Hypertension Induced by High Fat Diet and Renal Artery Stenosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle SSN Faria ◽  
Vinicius E Pimentel ◽  
Júlia l Venturini Helaehil ◽  
Mayara Correa Bertolo ◽  
Nathalia Tonus Horas Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Renal Artery ◽  
Renal Artery Stenosis ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Renovascular Hypertension ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Ad Libitum

Abstract Background: Caloric restriction (CR) is a type of dietary intervention that is essential in weight loss through modulation of critical pathways of metabolic control; however, it is not yet clear what this intervention results to in association with renovascular hypertension.Methods: Rats were divided into three groups: SHAM, and two groups that underwent surgery to clip the left renal artery and induce renovascular hypertension (OH and OHR). The SHAM diet was as follows: 14 weeks normolipidic diet; OH: 2 weeks normolipidic diet + 12 weeks hyperlipidic diet, both ad libitum; OHR, 2 weeks normolipidic diet + 8 weeks ad libitum high-fat diet + 4 weeks 40% calorie-restricted high-fat diet. Results: Rats in the OHR group had decreased blood pressure, body weight, and glucose levels. Reductions in insulinemia and in lipid and islet fibrotic areas in the OHR group were observed, along with increased insulin sensitivity and normalization of insulin-degrading enzyme levels. The expression of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), insulin receptor (IR), sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), and complex II proteins were increased in the liver tissue of the OHR group. Strong correlations, whether positive or negative, were evaluated via Spearman’s model between SIRT1, AMPK, NAMPT, PGC-1α, and NNMT expressions with the restoration of normal blood pressure, weight loss, glycemic and lipid panel, and mitochondrial adaptation. Conclusion: CR provided short-term beneficial effects to recover the physiological parameters induced by a high-fat diet and renal artery stenosis in obese and hypertensive animals. These benefits, even in the short term, can provide physiological benefits in the long term.

scholarly journals Caloric restriction overcomes pre-diabetic and hypertension induced by high fat diet and renal artery stenosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Sabino de Souza Nunes Faria ◽  
Vinicius Eduardo Pimentel ◽  
Julia Venturini Helaehil ◽  
Mayara Correa Bertolo ◽  
Nathalia Tonus Horas Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Renal Artery ◽  
Renal Artery Stenosis ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Renovascular Hypertension ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Ad Libitum

Background: Caloric restriction (CR) is a type of dietary intervention enjoyed as an essential tool in weight loss by modulating critical pathways of metabolic control, although it is not yet clear what repercussions this intervention model results when associated with renovascular hypertension. Here we demonstrate that CR can be beneficial in obese and hypertensive animals. Methods: Rats were divided into groups: SHAM, and two groups underwent surgery to clip the left renal artery, to induce renovascular hypertension (OH and OHR). The SHAM diet was performed: 14 weeks normolipidic diet; OH: 2 weeks normolipidic diet + 12 weeks hyperlipidic diet, both ad libitum; OHR: 2 weeks normolipidic diet + 8 weeks ad libitum high fat diet + 4 weeks restricted 40% high fat diet. Results: the OHR group dissipated blood pressure, body weight and glucose homeostasis. Reductions in insulinemia, lipids, islets fibrotic areas in the OHR group were observed along with increased insulin sensitivity and normalization of the insulin-degrading enzyme. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase, insulin receptor, Sirtuin 1 and complex II protein were modulated in liver tissue in the OHR group. Strong correlations, direct or indirect, were evaluated by Spearmans model between SIRT1, AMPK, NAMPT, PGC-[alpha]; and NNMT with the reestablishment of blood pressure, weight loss, glycidic and lipid panel and mitochondrial adaptation. Conclusion: CR provided short-term beneficial effects to recover physiological parameters induced by a high-fat diet and renal artery stenosis in obese and hypertensive animals. These benefits, even in the short term, can bring physiological benefits in the long run.

Leptin prevents obesity induced by a high-fat diet after diet-induced weight loss in the marsupial S. crassicaudata

2004 ◽  
Vol 286 (4) ◽  
pp. R734-R739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary A. Wittert ◽  
Helen Turnbull ◽  
Perdita Hope ◽  
John E. Morley ◽  
Michael Horowitz
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Fat Stores ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Standard Laboratory Diet ◽  
Ad Libitum Feeding

The aims of this study were to determine in the marsupial Sminthopsis crassicaudata, the effects of leptin on food intake, body weight, tail width (a reflection of fat stores), and leptin mRNA, after caloric restriction followed by refeeding ad libitum with either a standard or high-fat preferred diet. S. crassicaudata ( n = 32), were fed standard laboratory diet (LabD; 1.01 kcal/g, 20% fat) ad libitum for 3 days. On days 4-10, animals received LabD at 75% of basal intake and then ( days 11-25) were fed either LabD or a choice of LabD and mealworms (MW; 2.99 kcal/g, 30% fat); during this time, half the animals ( n = 8) in each group received either leptin (2.5 mg/kg) or PBS intraperitoneally two times daily. On day 26, animals were killed and fat was removed for assay of leptin mRNA. At baseline, body weight, tail width, and food intake were similar in each group. After caloric restriction, body weight ( P < 0.001) and tail width ( P < 0.001) decreased. On return to ad libitum feeding in the PBS-treated animals, body weight and tail width returned to baseline in the LabD-fed animals ( P < 0.001) and increased above baseline in the MW-fed animals ( P < 0.001). In the LabD groups, tail width ( P < 0.001) and body weight ( P < 0.001) decreased after leptin compared with PBS. In the MW groups, the increase in tail width ( P < 0.001) and body weight ( P = 0.001) were attenuated after leptin compared with PBS. The expression of leptin mRNA in groups fed MW were greater in PBS than in leptin-treated animals ( P < 0.05). Therefore, after diet-induced weight loss, leptin prevents a gain in fat mass in S. crassicaudata; this has potential implications for the therapeutic use of leptin.

scholarly journals Health Effects of Alternate Day Fasting Versus Pair-Fed Caloric Restriction in Diet-Induced Obese C57Bl/6J Male Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chloe G. Henderson ◽  
Damian L. Turner ◽  
Steven J. Swoap
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Fasting Period ◽  
Alternate Day Fasting ◽  
Ad Libitum

Alternate day fasting (ADF) induces weight loss and improves various markers of health in rodents and humans. However, it is unclear whether the benefits of ADF are derived from the lower caloric intake of ADF or from the 24-h fasting period. Therefore, this study directly compared selected markers for health – such as glucose control, body weight, liver triglycerides, T cell frequencies, and others – in high-fat (60% calories from fat) diet-induced obese mice subjected to either ADF or caloric restriction (CR). Obese mice were randomly assigned to one of four groups: (1) ADF: remained on the high-fat diet, but fed on alternate days (n = 5), (2) PF: remained on the high-fat diet, but pair-fed to the ADF group (n = 5), (3) LF: moved to a chow ad libitum diet (n = 5; 17% calories from fat), and (4) HF: remained on the high-fat ad libitum diet (n = 5). An additional group of non-obese mice maintained on a chow diet since weaning were used as controls (CON: n = 5). After 10 weeks, ADF, PF, and LF mice ate fewer kcals, had a lower body mass, had smaller epididymal fat pads, improved glucose tolerance, and had a lower hepatic triglyceride content relative to HF mice (p &lt; 0.05), but none reached that of CON mice in these measures. T cell frequencies of the spleen, blood, and mesenteric lymph nodes were reduced in ADF, PF, and HF compared to the CON group. Importantly, there were no significant differences between the ADF and PF groups in any of the measurements made in the current study. These data suggest that ADF, PF, and LF diets each lead to improved markers of health relative to high-fat diet-induced obese mice, and that the caloric restriction associated with ADF is the major factor for the noted improvements.

Prognosis in Arteriosclerotic Renovascular Hypertension

1973 ◽  
Vol 45 (s1) ◽  
pp. 309s-310s ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. Pinedo ◽  
J. De Graeff ◽  
A. Struyvenberg
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Drug Treatment ◽  
Renal Artery ◽  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Renal Artery Stenosis ◽  
Renovascular Hypertension ◽  
Anticoagulant Therapy ◽  
Vascular Reconstruction ◽  
Artery Stenosis ◽  
Surgical Patients

1. A comparison has been made of surgical and medical treatment in patients with arteriosclerotic renal artery stenosis and hypertension. 2. Immediate post-operative blood pressure was often normal, but frequently rose again later. After the sixth year only about 25% of surgical patients were normotensive without drug treatment. 3. Nephrectomy and vascular reconstruction gave similar results. 4. We presently believe that post-operative anticoagulant therapy is indicated in patients undergoing surgery for arteriosclerotic renal artery stenosis.

scholarly journals Intermittent fasting improves metabolic flexibility in short-term high-fat diet-fed mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 317 (5) ◽  
pp. E773-E782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mara A. Dedual ◽  
Stephan Wueest ◽  
Marcela Borsigova ◽  
Daniel Konrad
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Hepatic Steatosis ◽  
Glucose Intolerance ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Metabolic Flexibility ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Inactive Phase ◽  
Ad Libitum

Four days of high-fat diet (HFD) feeding are sufficient to induce glucose intolerance and hepatic steatosis in mice. While prolonged HFD-induced metabolic complications are partly mediated by increased food intake during the light (inactive) phase, such a link has not yet been established in short-term HFD-fed mice. Herein, we hypothesized that a short bout of HFD desynchronizes feeding behavior, thereby contributing to glucose intolerance and hepatic steatosis. To this end, 12-wk-old C57BL/6J littermates were fed a HFD for 4 days either ad libitum or intermittently. Intermittent-fed mice were fasted for 8 h during their inactive phase. Initiation of HFD led to an immediate increase in food intake already during the first light phase. Moreover, glucose tolerance was significantly impaired in ad libitum- but not in intermittent HFD-fed mice, indicating that desynchronized feeding behavior contributes to short-term HFD-induced glucose intolerance. Of note, overall food intake was similar between the groups, as was body weight. However, intermittent HFD-fed mice revealed higher fat depot weights. Phosphorylation of hormone sensitivity lipase and free fatty acid release from isolated adipocytes were significantly elevated, suggesting increased lipolysis in intermittent HFD-fed mice. Moreover, hepatic mRNA expression of lipogenetic enzymes and liver triglyceride levels were significantly increased in intermittent HFD-fed mice. Importantly, food deprivation decreased respiratory exchange ratio promptly in intermittent- but not in ad libitum HFD-fed mice. In conclusion, retaining a normal feeding pattern prevented HFD-induced impairment of metabolic flexibility in short-term HFD-fed mice.

Improved short term blood pressure control after renal artery angioplasty and/or stenting in transplant renal artery stenosis

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. e71-e72
Author(s):  
Ekamol Tantisattamo ◽  
Attasit Chokechanachaisakul ◽  
Siwadon Pitukweerakul ◽  
Praveen Ratanasrimetha ◽  
Aneesha A. Shetty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Renal Artery ◽  
Renal Artery Stenosis ◽  
Blood Pressure Control ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Artery Stenosis ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Transplant Renal Artery Stenosis

scholarly journals The transcription factor Sox6 controls renin expression during renal artery stenosis

Kidney360 ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 10.34067/KID.0002792020
Author(s):  
Mohammad Saleem ◽  
Luz Saavedra-Sánchez ◽  
Pierina Barturen-Larrea ◽  
Jose A. Gomez
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Renal Artery ◽  
Renal Artery Stenosis ◽  
Renovascular Hypertension ◽  
Transcriptional Regulatory Network ◽  
Colorimetric Assay ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Artery Stenosis

Background: Renal artery stenosis (RAStenosis) or renal artery occlusion is an intractable problem affecting about 6% of people over 65 and up to 40% of the people with coronary or peripheral vascular disease in the Unites States. In RAStenosis, the renal renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) plays a key role, with renin recognized as the disease driver. Renin is mainly produced in the kidney and in this study, we will determine a new function for the transcription factor Sox6 in the control of renal renin during RAStenosis. Method: We hypothesize that knocking out Sox6 in Ren1d positive cells will protect mice against renovascular hypertension, and kidney injury. To test our hypothesis, we used a new transgenic mouse model the Ren1dcre/Sox6fl/fl (Sox6 KO). In this mouse, Sox6 is knockout in renin expressing cells. We used a modified two kidney one clip (2K1C) Goldblatt mouse model to induce RAStenosis and renovascular hypertension. Blood pressure was measured with tail-cuff method. Renin, prorenin, Sox6, and N-GAL expressions levels were measured with Western blot, in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemistry. Creatinine levels were measured with colorimetric assay. Results: Systolic blood pressure was significantly lower in Sox6 KO two weeks after RAStenosis compared to Sox6 WT (Ren1dcre/Sox6wt/wt). When stenosed kidneys were compared, renin, prorenin, and N-GAL expressions levels in the kidney were lower in Sox6 KO compared to Sox6 WT mice. Furthermore, creatinine clearance was preserved in Sox6 KO compared to Sox6 WT mice. Conclusions: Our data indicate that Sox6 controls renal renin and prorenin expression and as such has a new function in renovascular hypertension induced by RAStenosis. These results point to a novel transcriptional regulatory network controlled by Sox6.

Renovascular Hypertension and Stenosis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Gregory Modrall
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Renal Artery ◽  
Renal Artery Stenosis ◽  
Renovascular Hypertension ◽  
Radiographic Finding ◽  
Artery Stenosis ◽  
Clinical Predictors ◽  
Ischemic Nephropathy ◽  
Renal Artery Stenting

Renal artery stenosis (RAS) may present clinically as an incidental radiographic finding in an asymptomatic patient, or it may be the etiology of renovascular hypertension or ischemic nephropathy. Incidental RAS should be treated medically. The available clinical trial data suggest that medical management is the primary treatment for presumed renovascular hypertension. Renal artery stenting should be reserved for patients who fail medical therapy. When renal artery stenting is contemplated for presumed renovascular hypertension or ischemic nephropathy, clinical studies suggest that there are clinical predictors of outcomes that may be useful in identifying patients with a higher probability of a favorable clinical response to stenting. Clinical predictors of a favorable blood pressure response to renal artery stenting include (1) a requirement of four or more antihypertensive medications, (2) preoperative diastolic blood pressure greater than 90 mm Hg, and (3) preoperative clonidine use. The only clinical predictor of improved renal function with stenting is the rate of decline of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in the weeks prior to stenting. Patients with a more rapid decline in eGFR have a higher probability of improved renal function after stenting compared with those with relatively stable eGFR prior to stenting. Finally, surgical renal artery revascularization remains a viable option but is usually reserved for younger, fit patients with unfavorable anatomy for stenting. Pediatric renovascular disease responds poorly to endovascular therapy and requires a surgical plan to address both renal artery stenoses and concomitant abdominal aortic coarctation if present. Renal artery stenosis in pediatric patients is best treated with reimplantation of the renal artery or interposition grafting using the autogenous internal iliac artery as a conduit. This review contains 39 references, 15 figures, and 3 tables. Key Words: chronic kidney disease, hypertension, renal artery stenosis, renovascular, stenting

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