scholarly journals Health Effects of Alternate Day Fasting Versus Pair-Fed Caloric Restriction in Diet-Induced Obese C57Bl/6J Male Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chloe G. Henderson ◽  
Damian L. Turner ◽  
Steven J. Swoap
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Fasting Period ◽  
Alternate Day Fasting ◽  
Ad Libitum

Alternate day fasting (ADF) induces weight loss and improves various markers of health in rodents and humans. However, it is unclear whether the benefits of ADF are derived from the lower caloric intake of ADF or from the 24-h fasting period. Therefore, this study directly compared selected markers for health – such as glucose control, body weight, liver triglycerides, T cell frequencies, and others – in high-fat (60% calories from fat) diet-induced obese mice subjected to either ADF or caloric restriction (CR). Obese mice were randomly assigned to one of four groups: (1) ADF: remained on the high-fat diet, but fed on alternate days (n = 5), (2) PF: remained on the high-fat diet, but pair-fed to the ADF group (n = 5), (3) LF: moved to a chow ad libitum diet (n = 5; 17% calories from fat), and (4) HF: remained on the high-fat ad libitum diet (n = 5). An additional group of non-obese mice maintained on a chow diet since weaning were used as controls (CON: n = 5). After 10 weeks, ADF, PF, and LF mice ate fewer kcals, had a lower body mass, had smaller epididymal fat pads, improved glucose tolerance, and had a lower hepatic triglyceride content relative to HF mice (p < 0.05), but none reached that of CON mice in these measures. T cell frequencies of the spleen, blood, and mesenteric lymph nodes were reduced in ADF, PF, and HF compared to the CON group. Importantly, there were no significant differences between the ADF and PF groups in any of the measurements made in the current study. These data suggest that ADF, PF, and LF diets each lead to improved markers of health relative to high-fat diet-induced obese mice, and that the caloric restriction associated with ADF is the major factor for the noted improvements.

scholarly journals Green Tea Extract Supplementation Induces the Lipolytic Pathway, Attenuates Obesity, and Reduces Low-Grade Inflammation in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cláudio A. Cunha ◽  
Fábio S. Lira ◽  
José C. Rosa Neto ◽  
Gustavo D. Pimentel ◽  
Gabriel I. H. Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Green Tea Extract ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Tea Extract ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of green teaCamellia sinensisextract on proinflammatory molecules and lipolytic protein levels in adipose tissue of diet-induced obese mice. Animals were randomized into four groups: CW (chow diet and water); CG (chow diet and water + green tea extract); HW (high-fat diet and water); HG (high-fat diet and water + green tea extract). The mice were fedad libitumwith chow or high-fat diet and concomitantly supplemented (oral gavage) with 400 mg/kg body weight/day of green tea extract (CG and HG, resp.). The treatments were performed for eight weeks. UPLC showed that in 10 mg/mL green tea extract, there were 15 μg/mg epigallocatechin, 95 μg/mg epigallocatechin gallate, 20.8 μg/mg epicatechin gallate, and 4.9 μg/mg gallocatechin gallate. Green tea administered concomitantly with a high-fat diet increased HSL, ABHD5, and perilipin in mesenteric adipose tissue, and this was associated with reduced body weight and adipose tissue gain. Further, we observed that green tea supplementation reduced inflammatory cytokine TNFαlevels, as well as TLR4, MYD88, and TRAF6 proinflammatory signalling. Our results show that green tea increases the lipolytic pathway and reduces adipose tissue, and this may explain the attenuation of low-grade inflammation in obese mice.

scholarly journals Visceral Fat Accumulation Induced by a High-fat Diet Causes the Atrophy of Mesenteric Lymph Nodes in Obese Mice

Obesity ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1261-1269 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.S. Kim ◽  
S.C. Lee ◽  
Y.M. Kim ◽  
B.S. Kim ◽  
H.S. Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Fat Accumulation ◽  
Visceral Fat Accumulation ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph

scholarly journals Caloric restriction overcomes pre-diabetic and hypertension induced by high fat diet and renal artery stenosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Sabino de Souza Nunes Faria ◽  
Vinicius Eduardo Pimentel ◽  
Julia Venturini Helaehil ◽  
Mayara Correa Bertolo ◽  
Nathalia Tonus Horas Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Renal Artery ◽  
Renal Artery Stenosis ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Renovascular Hypertension ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Ad Libitum

Background: Caloric restriction (CR) is a type of dietary intervention enjoyed as an essential tool in weight loss by modulating critical pathways of metabolic control, although it is not yet clear what repercussions this intervention model results when associated with renovascular hypertension. Here we demonstrate that CR can be beneficial in obese and hypertensive animals. Methods: Rats were divided into groups: SHAM, and two groups underwent surgery to clip the left renal artery, to induce renovascular hypertension (OH and OHR). The SHAM diet was performed: 14 weeks normolipidic diet; OH: 2 weeks normolipidic diet + 12 weeks hyperlipidic diet, both ad libitum; OHR: 2 weeks normolipidic diet + 8 weeks ad libitum high fat diet + 4 weeks restricted 40% high fat diet. Results: the OHR group dissipated blood pressure, body weight and glucose homeostasis. Reductions in insulinemia, lipids, islets fibrotic areas in the OHR group were observed along with increased insulin sensitivity and normalization of the insulin-degrading enzyme. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase, insulin receptor, Sirtuin 1 and complex II protein were modulated in liver tissue in the OHR group. Strong correlations, direct or indirect, were evaluated by Spearmans model between SIRT1, AMPK, NAMPT, PGC-[alpha]; and NNMT with the reestablishment of blood pressure, weight loss, glycidic and lipid panel and mitochondrial adaptation. Conclusion: CR provided short-term beneficial effects to recover physiological parameters induced by a high-fat diet and renal artery stenosis in obese and hypertensive animals. These benefits, even in the short term, can bring physiological benefits in the long run.

Stimulation of NPY Y2 receptors by PYY3-36 reveals divergent cardiovascular effects of endogenous NPY in rats on different dietary regimens

2004 ◽  
Vol 286 (1) ◽  
pp. R138-R142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrich Nordheim ◽  
Karl G. Hofbauer
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Cardiovascular Effects ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Standard Chow Diet ◽  
Ad Libitum

In the present experiments the gut hormone peptide YY3-36 (PYY3-36), which inhibits neuropeptide Y (NPY) release, was used as a tool to study the cardiovascular effects of endogenous NPY under different dietary regimens in rats instrumented with a telemetry transmitter. In a first experiment, rats were placed on a standard chow diet ad libitum and in a second experiment on a high-fat diet ad libitum. After 6 wk, PYY3-36 (300 μg/kg) or vehicle was injected intraperitoneally. In a third experiment, PYY3-36 or vehicle was administered after 14 days of 50% restriction of a standard chow diet. In food-restricted rats, PYY3-36 increased mean arterial pressure (7 ± 1 mmHg, mean ± SE, P < 0.001 vs. saline, 1-way repeated-measures ANOVA with Bonferroni t-test) and heart rate (22 ± 4 beats/min, P < 0.001) during 3 h after administration. Conversely, PYY3-36 did not influence mean arterial pressure (0 ± 1 mmHg) and heart rate (-8 ± 5 beats/min) significantly in rats on a high-fat diet. Rats fed standard chow diet ad libitum showed an intermediate response (mean arterial pressure 4 ± 1 mmHg, P < 0.05, and heart rate 5 ± 2 beats/min, not significant). Thus, in our studies, divergent cardiovascular responses to PYY3-36 were observed in rats on different dietary regimens. These findings suggest that the cardiovascular effects of PYY3-36 depend on the hypothalamic NPY release, which is increased after chronic food restriction and decreased during a high-fat diet.

scholarly journals Reduced Number of Adipose Lineage and Endothelial Cells in Epididymal fat in Response to Omega-3 PUFA in Mice Fed High-Fat Diet

Marine Drugs ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katerina Adamcova ◽  
Olga Horakova ◽  
Kristina Bardova ◽  
Petra Janovska ◽  
Marie Brezinova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Macrophage Polarization ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Pufa Supplementation ◽  
Inflammatory Status

We found previously that white adipose tissue (WAT) hyperplasia in obese mice was limited by dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 PUFA). Here we aimed to characterize the underlying mechanism. C57BL/6N mice were fed a high-fat diet supplemented or not with omega-3 PUFA for one week or eight weeks; mice fed a standard chow diet were also used. In epididymal WAT (eWAT), DNA content was quantified, immunohistochemical analysis was used to reveal the size of adipocytes and macrophage content, and lipidomic analysis and a gene expression screen were performed to assess inflammatory status. The stromal-vascular fraction of eWAT, which contained most of the eWAT cells, except for adipocytes, was characterized using flow cytometry. Omega-3 PUFA supplementation limited the high-fat diet-induced increase in eWAT weight, cell number (DNA content), inflammation, and adipocyte growth. eWAT hyperplasia was compromised due to the limited increase in the number of preadipocytes and a decrease in the number of endothelial cells. The number of leukocytes and macrophages was unaffected, but a shift in macrophage polarization towards a less inflammatory phenotype was observed. Our results document that the counteraction of eWAT hyperplasia by omega-3 PUFA in dietary-obese mice reflects an effect on the number of adipose lineage and endothelial cells.

scholarly journals Dietary Supplemental Glutamine Enhances the Percentage of Circulating Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Mice with High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity Subjected to Hind Limb Ischemia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi-Hsuan Ko ◽  
Sung-Ling Yeh ◽  
Chiu-Li Yeh
Keyword(s):  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Endothelial Progenitor Cells ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Limb Ischemia ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Endothelial Progenitor ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Circulating Endothelial Progenitor Cells

This study investigated whether glutamine (GLN) pretreatment can enhance circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and attenuate inflammatory reaction in high-fat diet-induced obese mice with limb ischemia. Mice were assigned to a normal control (NC), high-fat control (HC), limb ischemia (HI), and GLN limb ischemia (HG) groups. The NC group provided chow diet and treated as a negative control. Mice in the HC and HI groups were fed a high-fat diet which 60% energy provided by fat for 8 weeks. Mice in the HG group were fed the same diet for 4 weeks and then transferred to a high-fat diet with 25% of total protein nitrogen provided as GLN to replace part of the casein for the subsequent 4 weeks. After feeding 8 weeks, mice in the HC group were sham-operated, while the HI and HG groups underwent an operation to induce limb ischemia. All mice except the NC group were euthanized on either day 1 or 7 after the operation. The results showed that the 8 weeks’ high-fat diet feeding resulted in obesity. The HG group had higher circulating EPCs on day 1 while muscle vascular endothelial growth factor, matrix metalloproteinase-9, and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 gene expressions were higher on day 7 postischemia than those of the HI group. The superoxide dismutase activity and reduced glutathione content in affected muscles were higher, whereas mRNA expressions of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α were lower in the HG than those in the HI group. These findings suggest that obese mice pretreated with GLN-supplemented high-fat diet increased circulating EPC percentage, enhanced the antioxidant capacity, and attenuated inflammatory reactions in response to limb ischemia.

scholarly journals Caloric Restriction Overcomes Pre-Diabetic and Hypertension Induced by High Fat Diet and Renal Artery Stenosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle SSN Faria ◽  
Vinicius E Pimentel ◽  
Júlia l Venturini Helaehil ◽  
Mayara Correa Bertolo ◽  
Nathalia Tonus Horas Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Renal Artery ◽  
Renal Artery Stenosis ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Renovascular Hypertension ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Ad Libitum

Abstract Background: Caloric restriction (CR) is a type of dietary intervention that is essential in weight loss through modulation of critical pathways of metabolic control; however, it is not yet clear what this intervention results to in association with renovascular hypertension.Methods: Rats were divided into three groups: SHAM, and two groups that underwent surgery to clip the left renal artery and induce renovascular hypertension (OH and OHR). The SHAM diet was as follows: 14 weeks normolipidic diet; OH: 2 weeks normolipidic diet + 12 weeks hyperlipidic diet, both ad libitum; OHR, 2 weeks normolipidic diet + 8 weeks ad libitum high-fat diet + 4 weeks 40% calorie-restricted high-fat diet. Results: Rats in the OHR group had decreased blood pressure, body weight, and glucose levels. Reductions in insulinemia and in lipid and islet fibrotic areas in the OHR group were observed, along with increased insulin sensitivity and normalization of insulin-degrading enzyme levels. The expression of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), insulin receptor (IR), sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), and complex II proteins were increased in the liver tissue of the OHR group. Strong correlations, whether positive or negative, were evaluated via Spearman’s model between SIRT1, AMPK, NAMPT, PGC-1α, and NNMT expressions with the restoration of normal blood pressure, weight loss, glycemic and lipid panel, and mitochondrial adaptation. Conclusion: CR provided short-term beneficial effects to recover the physiological parameters induced by a high-fat diet and renal artery stenosis in obese and hypertensive animals. These benefits, even in the short term, can provide physiological benefits in the long term.

scholarly journals Administration of hydro-alcoholic extract of spinach improves oxidative stress  and inflammation in high-fat diet-induced NAFLD rats 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Amirinejad ◽  
Ali Saneei Totmaj ◽  
Farzaneh Mardali ◽  
Azita Hekmatdoost ◽  
Hadi Emamat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Treatment Phase ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Ad Libitum

Abstract Background Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of hydro-alcoholic extract of spinach (HES) on hepatic and serum measurements of NAFLD in a rat model. Methods During the prevention phase, 18 Sprague–Dawley rats were fed one of the following regimens: a high-fat diet, a high-fat diet plus 400mg/kg HES, or a chow diet ad libitum for seven weeks. Before the treatment phase, NAFLD was induced in 24 rats. Afterwards, they were fed one of the following regimens: the same NAFLD-inducing diet, high-fat diet plus 400mg/kg HES, the chow diet, or chow diet plus 400mg/kg HES ad libitum for four weeks (n=6 in each group). Results Administration of HES combined with HF diet in rats was associated with decreased food intake (P< 0.01), weight loss (P=0.01), and increased SOD (P= 0.02) enzyme activity in the liver at the end of the prevention phase. hs-CRP (P< 0.05), PTX-3 (P< 0.05), PPAR-γ, and TNF-α gene expression in the liver were improved by spinach intake (P< 0.05), both in the prevention and treatment phases. Furthermore, administration of spinach in the treatment phase increased serum TAC (P=0.03) and hepatic GPX (P=0.01) enzyme activity. Conclusion Taking into account beneficial effects of HES on prevention and treatment of NAFLD observed in the present study, we propose that further human-based clinical investigations be conducted on subjects with NAFLD.

scholarly journals High-fat diet-induced obesity affects alpha 7 nicotine acetylcholine receptor expressions in mouse lung myeloid cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Qi ◽  
Dan Si ◽  
Li Zhu ◽  
Yanan Qi ◽  
Zhuhua Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetylcholine Receptor ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Myeloid Cells ◽  
Mouse Lung ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor ◽  
Ample Evidence ◽  
Expression Levels

Abstract Ample evidence indicates that obesity causes dysfunctions in the lung. Previous studies also show that cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathways play crucial roles in obesity-induced chronic inflammation via α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) signaling. However, it remains unclear whether and how obesity affects the expressions of α7nAChR in myeloid cells in the lung. To address this question, we treated regular chow diet-fed mice or high-fat diet induced obese mice with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or vehicle via endotracheal injections. By using a multicolor flow cytometry approach to analyze and characterize differential cell subpopulations and α7nAChR expressions, we find no detectable α7nAChR in granulocytes, monocytes and alveolar macrophages, and low expression levels of α7nAChR were detected in interstitial macrophages. Interestingly, we find that a challenge with LPS treatment significantly increased expression levels of α7nAChR in monocytes, alveolar and interstitial macrophages. Meanwhile, we observed that the expression levels of α7nAChR in alveolar and interstitial macrophages in high-fat diet induced obese mice were lower than regular chow diet-fed mice challenged by the LPS. Together, our findings indicate that obesity alters the expressions of α7nAChR in differential lung myeloid cells.

scholarly journals IBF-R Regulates IRE1α Post-Translational Modifications and ER Stress in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice

Nutrients ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 217
Author(s):  
Hwa-Young Lee ◽  
Geum-Hwa Lee ◽  
Young Yoon ◽  
The-Hiep Hoang ◽  
Han-Jung Chae
Keyword(s):  
Er Stress ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Sirtuin 1 ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Post Translational Modifications ◽  
Rhus Verniciflua ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

Obesity is a global health issue linked to the heightened risk of several chronic diseases. Rhus verniciflua (RV) is a traditional food supplement used for a range of pharmacological effects such as antitumor, antioxidant, α-glucosidase inhibitory effects, hepatitis, and arthritis. Despite the traditional medicinal values, scientific evidence for its application in obesity is inadequate and unclear. Thus, this investigation was designed to evaluate the anti-obesity effects of IBF-R, an RV extract, using a high-fat diet (HFD) model. The study has six groups: chow diet group; chow diet with 80 mg/kg IBF-R; HFD group; IBF-R group with 20, 40, and 80 mg/kg. IBF-R supplementation significantly regulated the weight gain than the HFD fed mice. Further, IBF-R supplementation lowered the expressions of adipogenic transcription factors such as SREBP-1c, C/EBPα, FAS, and PPAR-γ in white adipose tissue (WAT) of diet-induced obese mice. In addition, IBF-R supplementation reduced the lipogenic gene expression while enhancing genes was related to fatty acid oxidation. Obesity is linked to redox-based post-translational modifications (PTMs) of IRE1α such as S-nitrosylation, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and chronic metabolic inflammation. The administration of IBF-R inhibits these PTMs. Notably, IBF-R administration significantly enhanced the expression of AMPK and sirtuin 1 in WAT of HFD-fed mice. Together, these findings reveal the IRE1α S-nitrosylation-inflammation axis as a novel mechanism behind the positive implications of IBF-R on obesity. In addition, it lays a firm foundation for the development of Rhus verniciflua extract as a functional ingredient in the food and pharmaceutical industries.

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