scholarly journals Does Parental Marital Status at Birth Influence the Risk of Children and Grandchildren Requiring Local Authority Care? A Retrospective Study of the Scottish Birth Cohort

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Colvin
Keyword(s):  
Family Structure ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Social Care ◽  
Local Authority ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Historical Changes ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Parental Marriage ◽  
Parental Marital Status

Abstract Background - Demand in children’s social care remains at historically high levels across the UK. The number of children in local authority care in Scotland increased every year between 1998 and 2013. This study explores a possible trans-generational influence of historical changes in family structure at birth. Method - Children who were accommodated by a typical Scottish local authority from 2000 to 2013 were identified. The parental marital status on birth registrations of the children and their parents was compared to all Scottish registrations in national birth cohorts and relative risk (RR) was calculated for different birth circumstances. Results - The children who entered care were more likely to have been born to unmarried parents than their peers (RR 7.8, CI 6.3-9.6). Their mothers (RR 3.2, CI 2.7-3.9) and fathers (RR 1.5, CI 1.1-2) were also more likely than their peers to have been born to unmarried parents. The accumulated risk of young children entering care if their parents and maternal grandparents had been unmarried on birth registrations was very large (RR 23.3, CI 12.5-43.5). Conclusion - Parental marriage is protective against entering local authority care for children in Scotland. Historical changes in family structure at birth may influence demand in children’s services.

scholarly journals Relationship between Parental Marital Status and Students’ Academic Performance in Day Secondary Schools of Dagoretti Sub District of Nairobi County, Kenya.

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-179
Author(s):  
Rosemary Mueni Mutisya ◽  
Edward Kigen ◽  
Doyne Mugambi ◽  
Boaz Migosi
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Family Structure ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Parental Marital Status

Academic performance is one of the important aspects of a student’s life and therefore it is important to understand the factors that hinder or promote it. Various researches on factors affecting performance have been done, however there is little local research on how family structure affects academic performance. This study examined students’ academic performance vis-à-vis single and two parent family structures. It also investigated if there were any gender differences in academic performance as determined by parental marital status. The target population was form three students in day secondary schools of Dagoretti Sub District, Nairobi County, Kenya. The sample of the study consisted of 196 students drawn from five day secondary schools. The study used descriptive survey and ex post facto methodology. Simple random and purposive sampling techniques were used to select the schools and classes for the study respectively. Questionnaires and class achievement records were used to collect data. The data was analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), t-test and Chi-square test at significance level of 0.05. The study found no relationship between parental marital status and students’ academic performance as majority of students, regardless of family structure, performed equally poorly with a mean grade of less than ‘C’. The results showed that there was no difference in the academic performance of students from single and two parent families (P=0.776). Additionally, the results indicated that there was no significant difference in the academic performance of male and female students from single and two parent families (P=0.348) and altogether these outcomes established that there was no bearing between parental marital status and students’ academic performance (P=0.873). On the basis of this finding, it was recommended that parents and schools/teachers should provide necessary conduciveness to all learners to deal with the challenges they face at home and school, in order to obtain desired academic performance.

scholarly journals The relationship between alcohol-related hospital admission and specialist alcohol treatment provision across local authorities in England since passage of the Health and Social Care Act 2012

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmert Roberts ◽  
Matthew Hotopf ◽  
Colin Drummond
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Admission ◽  
Social Care ◽  
Local Authority ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Alcohol Treatment ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Treatment Provision ◽  
Health And Social Care ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The Uk

Summary To our knowledge no previous studies have been conducted at the local authority level assessing relationships between alcohol-related hospital admission, specialist alcohol treatment provision and socioeconomic deprivation since the UK government passed the Health and Social Care Act in 2012. Our results, using publicly available national data-sets, suggest that the local authority areas in England most in need of adequately funded specialist alcohol treatment, because of high prevalence of alcohol dependence and deprivation, are not receiving targeted increased funding, and that the national rise in alcohol-related hospital admissions may be fuelled by local authority funding cuts to specialist alcohol treatment.

scholarly journals Understanding the outcome of police safeguarding notifications to social services in South Wales

2019 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-108
Author(s):  
Kat Ford ◽  
Annemarie Newbury ◽  
Zoe Meredith ◽  
Jessica Evans ◽  
Karen Hughes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Social Worker ◽  
Social Service ◽  
Social Care ◽  
Local Authority ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Risk Thresholds ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Uk

In the UK, demand for the police has changed, with the majority of calls now vulnerability-related. Police safeguarding notifications (N=3,466) over a one-year period for a local authority in Wales were matched to social care records. Over half (57.5%) of notifications were referred to social services and only 4.8% received social service input (e.g. social worker intervention). Over a third of individuals had repeat notifications in the study year. Findings evidence high levels of police-identified vulnerability and an imbalance in vulnerability-related risk thresholds across agencies. Furthermore, some individuals require more appropriate action to mitigate the risk of future safeguarding notifications.

The policy and legislative context

2018 ◽  
pp. 51-67
Author(s):  
Deanna Edwards ◽  
Kate Parkinson ◽  
Marilyn Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Social Care ◽  
Local Authority ◽  
Family Group ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Vulnerable Adults

This chapter explores the legislative context for family group conferences (FGCs) in both the UK and across the globe. While FGCs do not have a legislative mandate in the UK, with the exception of Northern Ireland, legislation and subsequent policy lends itself to the FGC approach and indeed in some cases recommends the use of FGCs as best practice. Meanwhile, very few countries across the globe have a legislative mandate for FGCs. What is clear, particularly from the field of children's social care, is that FGCs have been effectively applied in a legislative context to divert children away from care proceedings and from local authority care. Moreover, service evaluations for those FGC services that are using FGCs in an adult social care context have highlighted that FGCs have been an effective tool for decision-making and planning for vulnerable adults, including adult safeguarding cases.

scholarly journals Psychosocial impact on frontline health and social care professionals in the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative interview study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. e047353
Author(s):  
Henry Aughterson ◽  
Alison R McKinlay ◽  
Daisy Fancourt ◽  
Alexandra Burton
Keyword(s):  
Personal Growth ◽  
Social Care ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Work Conditions ◽  
Individual Interviews ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Qualitative Interview Study ◽  
Health And Social Care ◽  
Communication Challenges ◽  
The Uk

ObjectivesTo explore the psychosocial well-being of health and social care professionals working during the COVID-19 pandemic.DesignThis was a qualitative study deploying in-depth, individual interviews, which were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis was used for coding.ParticipantsThis study involved 25 participants from a range of frontline professions in health and social care.SettingInterviews were conducted over the phone or video call, depending on participant preference.ResultsFrom the analysis, we identified 5 overarching themes: communication challenges, work-related stressors, support structures, personal growth and individual resilience. The participants expressed difficulties such as communication challenges and changing work conditions, but also positive factors such as increased team unity at work, and a greater reflection on what matters in life.ConclusionsThis study provides evidence on the support needs of health and social care professionals amid continued and future disruptions caused by the pandemic. It also elucidates some of the successful strategies (such as mindfulness, hobbies, restricting news intake, virtual socialising activities) deployed by health and social care professionals that can support their resilience and well-being and be used to guide future interventions.

scholarly journals On the Use of ‘Glyphmaps’ for Analysing the Scale and Temporal Spread of COVID-19 Reported Cases

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 213
Author(s):  
Roger Beecham ◽  
Jason Dykes ◽  
Layik Hama ◽  
Nik Lomax
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Observational Data ◽  
Local Authority ◽  
Recent Analysis ◽  
Design Requirements ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Temporal Spread

Recent analysis of area-level COVID-19 cases data attempts to grapple with a challenge familiar to geovisualization: how to capture the development of the virus, whilst supporting analysis across geographic areas? We present several glyphmap designs for addressing this challenge applied to local authority data in England whereby charts displaying multiple aspects related to the pandemic are given a geographic arrangement. These graphics are visually complex, with clutter, occlusion and salience bias an inevitable consequence. We develop a framework for describing and validating the graphics against data and design requirements. Together with an observational data analysis, this framework is used to evaluate our designs, relating them to particular data analysis needs based on the usefulness of the structure they expose. Our designs, documented in an accompanying code repository, attend to common difficulties in geovisualization design and could transfer to contexts outside of the UK and to phenomena beyond the pandemic.

scholarly journals The value of psychiatrists in leadership and management

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 263-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Perry ◽  
Fiona L. Mason
Keyword(s):  
Social Care ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Management Styles ◽  
Leadership And Management ◽  
Health And Social Care ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Medical Leadership ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Organisational Level

SummaryThe health and social care landscape in the UK is changing, and there is now, more than ever, a real need for doctors to embrace leadership and management. Evidence shows that medical leadership is associated with better outcomes for patients. Psychiatrists are particularly well suited to such roles, given the interpersonal skills and self-awareness that they develop in their training. In this article, we examine the role of the psychiatrist in leading at a patient, team and organisational level and the impact this has. We also discuss different leadership and management styles.

Theorising anti-racism in health and social care

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esme Choonara
Keyword(s):  
White Supremacy ◽  
Social Care ◽  
Black Lives Matter ◽  
Health And Social Care ◽  
The Us ◽  
Per Se ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Different Levels

The emergence of the Black Lives Matter movement in 2020 in the context of a COVID-19 pandemic that was already disproportionally impacting on the lives of people from black, Asian and other minority ethnicities in the UK and the US has provoked scrutiny of how racism impacts on all areas of our lives. This article will examine some competing theories of racism, and ask what theoretical tools we need to successfully confront racism in health and social care. In particular, it will scrutinise the different levels at which racism operates – individual, institutional and structural – and ask how these are related. Furthermore, it will argue against theories that see racism as a product of whiteness per se or ‘white supremacy’, insisting instead that racism should be understood as firmly bound to the functioning and perpetuation of capitalism.

scholarly journals General Paediatric Surgical Provision of Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy in a District General Hospital – A 12-Year Experience

2009 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 404-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Sathesh-Kumar ◽  
Hazel Rollins ◽  
Sarah Cheslyn-Curtis
Keyword(s):  
General Hospital ◽  
Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy ◽  
District General Hospital ◽  
Late Complications ◽  
General Anaesthetic ◽  
Paediatric Surgery ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Endoscopic Gastrostomy ◽  
Local Access ◽  
The Uk

INTRODUCTION A small, but significant, number of children require long-term nutritional support. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of providing a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) service for children in a district general hospital and to raise awareness of the suitability of the procedure to be performed on paediatric surgery lists in similar hospitals across the UK. PATIENTS AND METHODS A multidisciplinary paediatric nutrition team was established and all children accepted for PEG insertion between 1995 and 2007 were entered onto a database prospectively and are included in this study. PEG tubes were inserted by the standard pull-through technique under general anaesthetic. RESULTS A total of 172 procedures were performed in 76 children. The median age at first tube insertion was 3 years (range, 0.5–18 years). Length of follow-up ranged from 1 month to 12.6 years. Fifty-eight children (76%) had a neurological abnormality, the commonest being cerebral palsy. All but one procedure were performed successfully, of which 63 (37%) were new insertions, 99 change of tube, 4 changed from surgical gastrostomy and 6 from PEG to button gastrostomy. The median hospital stay was 2 days (range, 2–7 days) for new insertions and 1 day for tube changes. There were 10 (6%) early complications within 30 days, the commonest being peritubal infection (6). The 39 late complications included 16 peritubal infection/granulomata, 9 ‘buried bumpers’, 4 worsening of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, 2 gastrocolic fistulae, 3 gastrocutaneous fistulae and 4 tubal migration. There was no mortality. CONCLUSIONS We have demonstrated that paediatric PEG procedures and continuing management by a supporting team can be successfully and efficiently provided in the district general hospital. It should be possible for the majority of similar hospitals to provide local access and increase the availability of PEG feeding for children.

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