Two New Penicillium Species Penicillium Dongtaiense Sp. Nov and Penicillium Yanchengense sp. nov., Isolated From a Poplar Plantation in China

Abstract Studies on the degradation of plant cell wall polysaccharides by fungal extracellular enzymes have attracted much recent attention. In this study, dozens of fungus species spanning genera were isolated from rotting leaves based on their ability to decompose xylan. Using genetic sequencing (rDNA internal transcribed spacer), strains were identified as members of the genera Aspergillus, Penicillium, Alternaria, Campylocarpon, Pyrenochaeta and Cladosporium. Among these strains, two Penicillium strains can’t be assigned to any reported species. In this study, they are described new species as Penicillium yanchengium sp. novT (AF 2021051) and Penicillium dongtaiense sp. novT (AF 2121001) based on multigene phylogenetic analysis and morphology. Penicillium yanchengense sp. novT belong to Penicillium section Lanata-Divaricata and are phylogenetically closely related to Penicillium oxalicum and Penicillium asturianum. Isolates of Penicillium yanchengense sp. novT have a faster growth on Czapek yeast agar (CYA) at 37 ℃, abundant exudate present on CYA, and a greater ability to produce acid on creatine sucrose agar (CREA). Penicillium dongtaiense sp. novT was placed in section Sclerotiora and it is most closely related to Penicillium exsudans, Penicillium mallochii and Penicillium acidum. It is unique in slower growth on CYA and MEA plates, abundant exudate on MEA, and cerebriform grooves on YES compared to its relatives. In this study, we provide detailed description about two species.

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Purification, crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of Gan1D, a GH1 6-phospho-β-galactosidase fromGeobacillus stearothermophilusT1

Acta Crystallographica Section F Structural Biology Communications ◽

10.1107/s2053230x13034778 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 70 (2) ◽

pp. 225-231 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Shifra Lansky ◽

Arie Zehavi ◽

Roie Dann ◽

Hay Dvir ◽

Hassan Belrhali ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Cell Wall ◽

Extracellular Enzymes ◽

Biochemical Characterization ◽

Crystal Structure Analysis ◽

Crystallographic Analysis ◽

Glycoside Hydrolases ◽

Cell Wall Polysaccharides ◽

Data Set ◽

Cell Parameters ◽

Wide Range

Geobacillus stearothermophilusT1 is a Gram-positive thermophilic soil bacterium that contains an extensive system for the utilization of plant cell-wall polysaccharides, including xylan, arabinan and galactan. The bacterium uses a number of extracellular enzymes that break down the high-molecular-weight polysaccharides into short oligosaccharides, which enter the cell and are further hydrolyzed into sugar monomers by dedicated intracellular glycoside hydrolases. The interest in the biochemical characterization and structural analysis of these proteins originates mainly from the wide range of their potential biotechnological applications. Studying the different hemicellulolytic utilization systems inG. stearothermophilusT1, a new galactan-utilization gene cluster was recently identified, which encodes a number of proteins, one of which is a GH1 putative 6-phospho-β-galactosidase (Gan1D). Gan1D has recently been cloned, overexpressed, purified and crystallized as part of its comprehensive structure–function study. The best crystals obtained for this enzyme belonged to the triclinic space groupP1, with average crystallographic unit-cell parameters ofa = 67.0,b= 78.1,c= 92.1 Å, α = 102.4, β = 93.5, γ = 91.7°. A full diffraction data set to 1.33 Å resolution has been collected for the wild-type enzyme, as measured from flash-cooled crystals at 100 K, using synchrotron radiation. These data are currently being used for the detailed three-dimensional crystal structure analysis of Gan1D.

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Plant Cell Wall Hydration and Plant Physiology: An Exploration of the Consequences of Direct Effects of Water Deficit on the Plant Cell Wall

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10071263 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 1263

Author(s):

David Stuart Thompson ◽

Azharul Islam

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Water Content ◽

Bacterial Cellulose ◽

Plant Cell ◽

Cell Walls ◽

Plant Cell Wall ◽

Plant Cell Walls ◽

Cell Wall Polysaccharides ◽

Degree Of Hydration ◽

Cellulose Composites

The extensibility of synthetic polymers is routinely modulated by the addition of lower molecular weight spacing molecules known as plasticizers, and there is some evidence that water may have similar effects on plant cell walls. Furthermore, it appears that changes in wall hydration could affect wall behavior to a degree that seems likely to have physiological consequences at water potentials that many plants would experience under field conditions. Osmotica large enough to be excluded from plant cell walls and bacterial cellulose composites with other cell wall polysaccharides were used to alter their water content and to demonstrate that the relationship between water potential and degree of hydration of these materials is affected by their composition. Additionally, it was found that expansins facilitate rehydration of bacterial cellulose and cellulose composites and cause swelling of plant cell wall fragments in suspension and that these responses are also affected by polysaccharide composition. Given these observations, it seems probable that plant environmental responses include measures to regulate cell wall water content or mitigate the consequences of changes in wall hydration and that it may be possible to exploit such mechanisms to improve crop resilience.

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PUL-Mediated Plant Cell Wall Polysaccharide Utilization in the Gut Bacteroidetes

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22063077 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (6) ◽

pp. 3077

Author(s):

Zhenzhen Hao ◽

Xiaolu Wang ◽

Haomeng Yang ◽

Tao Tu ◽

Jie Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Microbial Community ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Plant Cell ◽

Plant Cell Wall ◽

Cell Wall Polysaccharide ◽

Prominent Feature ◽

Cell Wall Polysaccharides ◽

Gut Microbial Community

Plant cell wall polysaccharides (PCWP) are abundantly present in the food of humans and feed of livestock. Mammalians by themselves cannot degrade PCWP but rather depend on microbes resident in the gut intestine for deconstruction. The dominant Bacteroidetes in the gut microbial community are such bacteria with PCWP-degrading ability. The polysaccharide utilization systems (PUL) responsible for PCWP degradation and utilization are a prominent feature of Bacteroidetes. In recent years, there have been tremendous efforts in elucidating how PULs assist Bacteroidetes to assimilate carbon and acquire energy from PCWP. Here, we will review the PUL-mediated plant cell wall polysaccharides utilization in the gut Bacteroidetes focusing on cellulose, xylan, mannan, and pectin utilization and discuss how the mechanisms can be exploited to modulate the gut microbiota.

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Formation of Plant Cell Wall Polysaccharides

Nature ◽

10.1038/218878a0 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 218 (5144) ◽

pp. 878-880 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

C. L. VILLEMEZ ◽

J. M. MCNAB ◽

P. ALBERSHEIM

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Plant Cell ◽

Plant Cell Wall ◽

Cell Wall Polysaccharides

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Recognition and differentiation of various Penicillium species, Penicillium citrinum, Penicillium notatum, Penicillium oxalicum and Penicillium frequentans, using random amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction technique

African Journal of Microbiology Research ◽

10.5897/ajmr12.1115 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 6 (39) ◽

pp. 6793-6798

Author(s):

Zanjani L Saeednejad ◽

A Sabokbar ◽

A Bakhtiari

Keyword(s):

Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽

Dna Polymerase ◽

Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽

Penicillium Oxalicum ◽

Penicillium Citrinum ◽

Chain Reaction ◽

Penicillium Notatum ◽

Penicillium Species ◽

Penicillium Frequentans ◽

Polymerase Chain

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Voriconazole-Resistant Penicillium oxalicum: An Emerging Pathogen in Immunocompromised Hosts

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofu029 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Anuradha Chowdhary ◽

Shallu Kathuria ◽

Kshitij Agarwal ◽

Neelam Sachdeva ◽

Pradeep K. Singh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Myeloid Leukemia ◽

Penicillium Oxalicum ◽

Chronic Obstructive ◽

Emerging Pathogen ◽

Penicillium Species ◽

Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽

Invasive Mycosis ◽

Invasive Mycoses ◽

Immunocompromised Hosts ◽

Acute Myeloid

Abstract Penicillium species are rarely reported agents of infections in immunocompromised patients. We report 3 cases of invasive mycosis caused by voriconazole-resistant Penicillium oxalicum in patients with acute myeloid leukemia, diabetes mellitus, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, while on voriconazole therapy. Penicillium oxalicum has not been previously recognized as a cause of invasive mycoses.

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