Valorization of Oil Waste for Biodetergent Production Using Serratia Marcescens N2 and Gamma Irradiation Assisted Biorecovery

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nora M. Elkenawy ◽  
Ola M. Gomaa
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Functional Form ◽  
Cell Concentration ◽  
Skin Irritation ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Used Frying Oil ◽  
Used Oil ◽  
Optical Images ◽  
Before And After

Abstract The aim of the present work is to valorize previously used frying oil and use it as biodetergent. Serratia marscens N2 valorized 20% used oil and 8% cell concentration, the biosurfactant produced was a negatively charged lipopeptide with surface tension of 26.8 mN/m. Gamma radiation was used to obtain the higher yield of the biosurfactant by exposing the cells after growth under optimal conditions to low dose gamma radiation. The results showed that the use of radiation led to an increase in the amount of biosurfactant, and the biorecovery took place in a shorter time than usual. The chemical or functional form of the substance did not change at doses of 500 and 1000 gray, while there was a change in production and chemical and functional form at the dose of 2000 gray. The produced biosurfactant was used before and after irradiation to wash oil soiled cloths, the results showed 87% removal at 60oC under stirring conditions. Skin irritation tests performed on experimental mice showed that the surfactant does not cause any inflammation or red spots. Optical images of cloth patches showed no effect on fabric threads post washing the oil soiled cloth patches with biosurfactant. This study proved that 1) previously used oil can be bioconverted into biosurfactant and 2) the use of low doses gamma radiation results in an increase in biosurfactant yield by creating holes in the bacterial cell wall, which helps to recover more quantities of the biosurfactant without change in its chemical or functional form.

Benefit/Risk Profile of Combined Antiplatelet Therapy with Ticlopidine and Aspirin

1991 ◽  
Vol 65 (05) ◽  
pp. 504-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffaele De Caterina ◽  
Rosa Sicari ◽  
Walter Bernini ◽  
Guido Lazzerini ◽  
Giuliana Buti Strata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Function ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Bleeding Time ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Stable Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Single Drug ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Serum Thromboxane ◽  
Artery Disease

SummaryTiclopidine (T) and aspirin (ASA) are two antiplatelet drugs both capable of prolonging bleeding time (BT), with a different mechanism of action. A synergism in BT prolongation has been reported and is currently considered an argument for not recommending their combination. However, a profound suppression of platelet function might be a desirable counterpart of a marked prolongation of BT, with a possible use in selected clinical situations. We therefore studied ex vivo platelet function (aggregation by ADP 0.5-1-2.5 μM; adrenaline 0.75-2.5 μM; collagen 1.5-150 μg/ml; arachidonic acid 1 mM; PAF 1 μM; adrenaline 0.17 μM + ADP 0.62 μM; serum thromboxane ([TX]B2 generation) and BT (Mielke) in 6 patients with stable coronary artery disease receiving such combination. Patients underwent sequential laboratory evaluations at baseline, after 7 days of T 250 mg b.i.d., before and after the intravenous administration of ASA 500 mg, respectively, and, finally, after a minimum of 7 days of sole ASA oral administration (50 mg/day). The experimental design, therefore, allowed a comparison of T and ASA effects (2nd and 4th evaluation), and an assessment of the combination effect (3rd evaluation). Platelet aggregation in response to all doses of ADP was depressed more by T than by ASA. Conversely, responses to adrenaline, and arachidonate were affected more by ASA than by T. For all other agents, differences were not significant. T + ASA combination was more effective (p <0.05) than either treatment alone in depressing responses to high-dose collagen (% over control, mean ± SEM: T: 95 ± 3; ASA: 96 ± 5; T + ASA: 89 ± 4). Serum TXB2 (basal, ng/ml: 380 ± 54) did not change with T (372 ± 36), dropped to <1 ng/ml on ASA injection and slightly re-increased to 9.1 ± 3.1 ng/ml on oral low-dose ASA. BT (basal 7.4 ± 0.6 min) was affected similarly by T (9.2 ± 0.8) or ASA (9.7 ± 0.9) alone, but increased to 15.0 ± 0.7 min on combination treatment (106% increase over control). Thus, the strong synergism in BT prolongation by ASA-T combination has a counterpart in the inhibition of platelet function in response to strong stimuli such as high-dose collagen, not otherwise affected significantly by single-drug treatment. This effect is a possible rationale for the clinical evaluation of T + ASA combination.

scholarly journals Efficacy and Safety of Long-Term Low-Dose Clarithromycin in Patients With Refractory Chronic Sinusitis After Endoscopic Sinus Surgery: A Prospective Clinical Trial

2021 ◽  
pp. 014556132110320
Author(s):  
Han Chen ◽  
Bing Zhou ◽  
Qian Huang ◽  
Cheng Li ◽  
Yubin Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Endoscopic Sinus Surgery ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Continuous Treatment ◽  
Sinus Surgery ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Endoscopic Findings ◽  
Before And After

Objective: To observe the efficacy and safety of postoperative long-term low-dose oral administration of clarithromycin in patients with refractory chronic rhinosinusitis (RCRS), to explore the characteristics of postoperative microbiota in the nasal cavity in patients with RCRS, and to compare the differences and changes in microbiota in the nasal cavity before and after medication. Methods: This was a prospective, self-controlled study. Eighteen patients with RCRS who had persistent symptoms after endoscopic sinus surgery and standard therapy with normal immunoglobulin E and eosinophil level were included. Low dose (250 mg, once daily) clarithromycin was orally administrated for 12 weeks. Symptom severity and endoscopic findings were evaluated before, after 4 weeks, and 12 weeks of treatment, and nasal cavity microbiota was analyzed simultaneously. Results: A total of 18 patients with RCRS were enrolled and 17 patients completed the study. Four weeks after oral administration of clarithromycin, significant improvement was observed in subjective symptoms including nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, postnasal drip, and general discomfort, as well as endoscopic findings including general surgical cavity condition, rhinedema, and rhinorrhea ( P < .05). After continuous treatment to the 12th week, symptoms showed significant improvement compared with baseline, and endoscopic score showed significant improvement compared with both baseline and 4 weeks after treatment. Analysis of middle nasal meatus flora revealed a significant decrease of Streptococcus pneumoniae after 12 weeks of clarithromycin treatment ( P < .05), while the richness, composition, and diversity were similar before and after treatment. Patients enrolled experienced no adverse drug reaction or allergic reaction, nor clinical significant liver function impairment observed. Conclusion: Postoperative low-dose long-term oral administration of clarithromycin in patients with RCRS can improve the clinical symptoms and facilitate the mucosal epithelialization, with good tolerance and safety. The efficacy of clarithromycin in patients with RCRS may be related to its regulatory effect on nasal cavity microbiota.

Surface Modification of Nano-Al2O3 with Stearic Acid

2016 ◽  
Vol 703 ◽  
pp. 246-250
Author(s):  
Min Hong Xu ◽  
Jian Li Ma ◽  
Meng Xia Qian ◽  
Li Hua Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Surface Modification ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Modification Effect ◽  
Before And After

Surface modification of nanoAl2O3 with stearic acid by dry method was researched. The structures of nanoAl2O3 before and after modified were characterized by IR. The modification effect on nanoAl2O3 was measured with the activation index. In addition, the influence factors of modifier dosage, modification time and modification temperature were also discussed. The results showed that nanoAl2O3 had been successfully modified with stearic acid. The hydrophily and lipophilicity experiments indicated that modified nanoAl2O3 possessed lipophilicity property and could disperse in xylene. The optimal conditions of modification were as follows: the stearic acid was 7.5 wt%, based on the quality of nanoAl2O3, modification time was 50 min and temperature was 150 ○C.

A New Hafnium-Beryllium System Prioduced by Ion Implantation and Annealing Techniques

1983 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.C. Soares ◽  
A.A. Melo ◽  
M.F. DA Silva ◽  
E.J. Alves ◽  
K. Freitag ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ion Implantation ◽  
Single Crystals ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Correlation Method ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Tetrahedral Sites ◽  
Time Differential ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Beryllium Foil

ABSTRACTLow and high dose hafnium imolanted beryllium samoles have been prepared at room temperature by ion implantation of beryllium commercial foils and single crystals. These samples have been studied before and after annealing with the time differential perturbed angular correlation method (TDPAC) and with Rutherford backscattering and channeling techniques. A new metastable system has been discovered in TDPAC-measurements in a low dose hafnium implanted beryllium foil annealed at 500°C. Channeling measurements show that the hafnium atoms after annealing, are in the regular tetrahedral sites but dislocated from the previous position occupied after implantation. The formation of this system is connected with the redistribution of oxygen in a thin layer under the surface. This effect does not take place precisely at the same temperature in foils and in single crystals.

Modification of Hydrogen Zeolite with CeO2 and its Catalysis Application for Preparing Aspirin

2014 ◽  
Vol 809-810 ◽  
pp. 884-889
Author(s):  
Zhen Tan ◽  
Hui Ying Chen ◽  
Bi Hao Lan ◽  
Xiang Wen Tong ◽  
Xiao Mei Ba
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Calcination Temperature ◽  
Catalytic Efficiency ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Calcination Time ◽  
Zeolite Framework ◽  
High Efficient ◽  
Zeolite Particle ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Impregnation Temperature

Hydrogen zeolite was modified with CeO2 by impregnation - filtration - heat treatment. Hydrogen-zeolite samples before and after modification were characterized by XRD and SEM. The catalytic efficiency of modified hydrogen-zeolite was investigated. Such modification conditions were explored: as the CeO2 percentage, calcination temperature, calcination time, impregnation temperature. The results show that the optimal CeO2 percentage is 0.5%, calcination temperature is 600°C, calcination time is 2h, impregnation temperature is 75°C. The aspirin yield reaches 78.3% under the optimal conditions, compared with that (64.8%) catalyzed by sulfuric acid and that (70.4%) catalyzed by unmodified zeolite. XRD, SEM characterizations show that Ce ions can be doped into the zeolite framework. And the modification makes the zeolite particle size become smaller, which is reduced to 50.5nm from 56.76nm. A high efficient and eco-enviromently catalyst was got by modification.

Potentiation of Mivacurium Blockade by Low Dose of Pancuronium

2003 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 1057-1062 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cyrus Motamed ◽  
Riad Menad ◽  
Robert Farinotti ◽  
Krassen Kirov ◽  
Xavier Combes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetylcholine Receptors ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Cholinesterase Activity ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Orotracheal Intubation ◽  
Plasma Cholinesterase ◽  
Neuromuscular Blocking ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Analysis ◽  
Plasma Cholinesterase Activity ◽  
Before And After

Background Mivacurium is potentiated by pancuronium to a much greater extent than other relaxants. In a previous investigation we suggested that this potentiation could be due to the ability of pancuronium to inhibit plasma cholinesterase activity, but we did not measure plasma concentrations of mivacurium. In the current study we performed a pharmacokinetic analysis by measuring the plasma concentration of mivacurium when preceded by administration of a low dose of pancuronium. Methods After induction of general anesthesia with propofol and fentanyl and orotracheal intubation, 10 patients (pancuronium-mivacurium group) received 15 microg/kg pancuronium followed 3 min later by 0.1 mg/kg mivacurium, whereas 10 other patients (mivacurium group) received saline followed by 0.13 mg/kg mivacurium 3 min later. Plasma cholinesterase activity was measured before and 3 and 30 min after pancuronium dosing in the pancuronium-mivacurium group and was measured before and after administration of saline in the mivacurium group. Arterial plasma concentrations of mivacurium and its metabolites were measured at 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, 10, 20, and 30 min after injection. Neuromuscular blockade was assessed by mechanomyography. Results Plasma cholinesterase activity decreased by 26% in the pancuronium-mivacurium group 3 min after injection of pancuronium (P &lt; 0.01) and returned to baseline values 30 min later; however, no significant variation was observed in the mivacurium group. The clearances of the two most active isomers (Cis-Trans and Trans-Trans) were lower in the pancuronium-mivacurium group (17.6 +/- 5.1, 14.7 +/- 5.3 ml. min-1. kg-1, respectively) than in the mivacurium group (32.4 +/- 20.2, 24.8 +/- 13.5 ml. min-1. kg-1; P &lt; 0.05). Conclusions A subparalyzing dose of pancuronium decreased plasma cholinesterase activity and the clearance of the two most active isomers of mivacurium. Pancuronium potentiates mivacurium more than other neuromuscular blocking agents because, in addition to its occupancy of postsynaptic acetylcholine receptors, it slows down the hydrolysis of mivacurium.

Eco-Friendly Dye-free Coloration Technology for Wool Based on Fenton Reagent Pretreatment

2011 ◽  
Vol 239-242 ◽  
pp. 3327-3330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Ling Sui ◽  
Yong Zhu Cui
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Fenton Reagent ◽  
Saving Energy ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Series Of Experiments

The wool was pretreated with Fenton reagent in this paper, on this basis, 4-hydroxy benzaldehyde and concentrated nitric acid were used to discuss the dye-free coloration deeply. It was analyzed comparatively through a series of experiments on the wool before and after Fenton reagent pretreatment, and the effects of concentrations, temperature and time on the coloration were further discussed. The experiment indicated that, compared with untreated wool, the color of wool with Fenton reagent pretreatment was deeper and the coloration rate was quicker. It realized good coloration at lower temperatures, which achieved the goal of saving energy and emission reduction. The optimal conditions were that concentrations of 4-hydroxy benzaldehyde and concentrated nitric acid were 2.5% and 3% respectively, reacting time was 90min, and reacting temperature was 70°C.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document