Adsorption of N,N,N′,N′-Tetraoctyl Diglycolamide on Hypercrosslinked Polysterene from a Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Medium

The work considers for the first time the preparation of sorbents based on hypercrosslinked polysterene (HCP) and chelating agent N,N,N′,N′-tetraoctyldiglycolamide (TODGA) by impregnation in the supercritical (SC) CO2 medium. Such sorbents can be applied for further isolation and separation of lanthanides, actinides and other metals. They are usually prepared by impregnation in toxic organic solvents (e.g., methanol, dichloromethane). Our study shows that application of SC CO2 instead of organic solvents can significantly speed up the impregnation, perfom it in one stage and make the process more eco-friendly. At the same time, the obtained sorbents are close in their parameters to the classical ones. This article presents the results of measuring the TODGA adsorption isotherms on two HCP sorbents (MN202 and MN270) on a wide range of SC fluid parameters. Adsorption measurements were carried out using on-line supercritical fluid chromatography and gravimetry. Based on the sorption capacity parameter, MN202 sorbent was selected as the better carrier for TODGA. An impregnation temperature increase within the range 313–343 K in isochoric conditions (ρ = 0.780 g/mL) reduces the maximum of TODGA adsorption from ~0.68 mmol/g to ~0.49 mmol/g.

INCREASING THE INFILTRATION ABILITY OF ALUMINUM ALLOY FOR IMPREGNATION IN A NON-AUTOCLAVE METHOD

An increase in the efficiency of gas-free impregnation of a porous carbon-graphite frame to aluminum alloys by applying thin electroplated metal alloying coatings to the surface of the pores of a carbon-graphite sample by electrochemical method is investigated. It is shown that the preliminary deposition of such coatings makes it possible to obtain alloying with highly pure elements, increasing the filling of pores with matrix melt at impregnation temperature (800 ° C).

Design of locally sourced activated charcoal filter from maize cob for wastewater decontamination: an approach to fight waste with waste

This research studied decontamination of laboratory wastewater with an activated carbon derived from maize cob, an agricultural waste to ascertaining its adsorption effectiveness for water treatment. The preparation conditions such as the concentration of the activating agent, impregnation ratio, impregnation temperature, impregnation time, activation temperature and activation time were optimized. The adsorbent’s porous properties revealed its adsorption potency was correlated with the iodine value. The test adsorbent showed significant contaminants adsorption in the laboratory wastewater; the results obtained were within the standards for drinking water set by the regulatory agencies. This agricultural waste could be considered for the preparation of activated carbon which would ultimately serve as an alternative method of decontaminating laboratory wastewater.

Preparation and characterization of groundnut shell-based activated charcoal

Groundnut shell, an agricultural waste was used as a precursor for the preparation of activated charcoal using zinc chloride as a chemical activating agent. The results of the optimization studies showed that the activated charcoal had best iodine adsorption capacity at 1.0 mol dm-3 activator’s concentration, 2:1 impregnation ratio, 70 ℃ impregnation temperature, 12 hr impregnation time, 500 ℃ activation temperature, and 2hr activationtime. The surface chemistry of the adsorbent was studied by Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The activated charcoal was found to contain porous structures with adsorption capacities significantly correlated with iodine value, porosity, and surface area. The surface morphology of the activated charcoal was altered as compared with the un-activated product, signifying that the adsorbent had been chemically modified. The disappearance of some functional groups and shift in some absorption bands were further indication that surface structural modification took place during activation and carbonization.This research has revealed that groundnut shell could be employed for the production of an alternative adsorbent which can be utilize for filtration and detoxification of impure water, treatment of effluent and wastewater, adsorption of pesticides, heavy metals and dyes from aqueous media.

Study on Preparation and Characterization of La2O3 Derived from Thai Monazite Ore Processing Supported Coal Fly Ash Catalyst

This research aims to study the preparation and characterization of La2O3 supported coal fly ash catalyst. Studied La2O3 and coal fly ash (CFA) were obtained from Thai monazite ore processing and local supplier, respectively. The catalyst was prepared by wet impregnation method. The influences of La2O3 loading and impregnation temperature on the chemical composition, crystalline phase and surface morphology of the catalyst were examined by varying the amount of La2O3 (5, 10 and 20 wt%) and the impregnation temperature (room temperature, 100, 150 and 200 °C). Characterizations such as WDXRF, XRD and SEM were carried out. The XRD results demonstrated that the La2O3 was highly dispersed on the CFA support. A high La2O3 loading resulted in an increase free CaO dissolvation during the impregnation which inhibited the interaction between SiO2 and La2O3. The impregnation temperature had no significant effect on the chemical and physical properties of the catalyst. The coexist of Fe3O4 in the CFA support might impact to hinder the incorporation of La2O3 into SiO2 matrix.

RESEARCH OF THE PROCESS OF BIRCH WOOD IMPREGNATION WITH THE USED VEGETABLE OIL

Wood is widely used in various industries. However, the inherent ability of natural wood to absorb water and other disadvantages require its modification with various compositions. In the work, the technology of impregnation of birch wood with processed vegetable oil, which remains after cooking, has been studied. Impregnated composition was introduced into pre-prepared wood using the “hot-cold baths” method and subsequent heat treatment of wood impregnated with used sunflower oil. The influence of the main quantitative parameters of the impregnation process on the performance of wood specimens have been made using the design of the experiment according to the Greek-Latin square pattern of the fourth order. The influence of the temperature of the impregnating oil, the time of impregnation, temperature and the duration of the heat treatment on the properties of modified wood has been studied. The properties of birch wood has been evaluated by its water absorption, as well as swelling of specimens in the radial and tangential directions. The regression equations have been obtained. They describe the influence of the main parameters of the impregnatio process with processed sunflower oil on the properties of modified wood. The best conditions for introducing processed sunflower oil into wood have been established. The proposed impregnating composition improves decorative properties of wood. It is odorless and environmentally friendly. It has been shown that treating birch wood with processed vegetable oil makes it possible to obtain modified wood with increased resistance to water

Modification of veneer by amidophosphate for the manufacture of fire-resistant plywood

Целью работы являлось модифицирование березового шпона амидофосфатом с тем, чтобы из него по общепринятой технологии можно было изготавливать огнезащищенную водостойкую фанеру. В основу метода исследования положен прием пропитки шпона антипиреном водным раствором амидофосфата в двух вариантах: капиллярная пропитка и диффузионная пропитка. При этом изучали влияние температуры пропитки и продолжительности при переменной концентрации пропиточного раствора. В результате работы установлено влияние параметров в виде линейных эффектов и эффектов взаимодействия на содержание абсолютносухого антипирена. Используя корреляционные зависимости и функцию желательности стало возможным при уровне обработки в интервале 14,5 23,5 сухого содержания антипирена получить фанеру, характеризующуюся отсутствием самостоятельного горения и тления при удалении источника зажигания с потерей массы 4,4 5,9. При этом прочность изготовленных образцов фанеры оказывается удовлетворительной, например, предел прочности при изгибе составляет 77 100 МПа для исследуемых вариантов, при требованиях отраслевых технических условий не менее 60 МПа. Полученные результаты предназначаются для разработки производственного регламента изготовления фанеры с областью применения, где имеются ограничения по горючести и водостойкости. В работе получены выводы по рецептуре огнезащитного состава в связи с условиями образования фанеры на фенолоформальдегидном клее и рекомендации по организации производства трудногорючей фанеры с дополнительными технологическими операциями и оборудованием узла пропитки шпона и его сушки после пропитки раствором антипирена с тем с максимальным приближением к действующему режиму изготовления стандартной фанеры. The aim of the work was to modify the birch veneer with amidophosphate so that fireproof waterresistant plywood could be produced from it according to the generally accepted technology. The method of study is based on the reception of impregnation of veneer with flame retardant aqueous solution amidophosphate in two versions capillary treatment and diffusion impregnation. The influence of impregnation temperature and duration at variable concentration of impregnating solution was studied. As a result of the work, the influence of parameters in the form of linear effects and interaction effects on the content of absolute dry flame retardant is established. Using correlation dependences and desirability function it became possible to obtain plywood characterized by the absence of selfcombustion and decay when removing the ignition source with a loss of weight of 4.4 5.9 at the level of treatment in the range of 14.5 23.5 of dry flame retardant content. In this case, the strength of the manufactured plywood samples is satisfactory, for example, the bending strength is 77 100 MPa for the studied variants, with the requirements of industry specifications of at least 60 MPa of at least 60 MPa. The results obtained are intended to develop industrialstrength regulation for manufacture of plywood for various applications where there are restrictions on Flammability and water resistance. This paper has presented insights on the formulation of a flame retardant in connection with the conditions of formation of a phenolformaldehyde plywood adhesive and recommendations on the organization of production of hard combustible plywood with additional technological operations and equipment of the node impregnation of veneer and drying after the impregnation with a solution of flame retardant with the maximum approximation to the current mode of production of standard plywood.

Anti - UV Finishing of Cotton Fabrics with Lithospermum Extract

Lithospermum extract from Lithospermum is a kind of naphthoquinone, which has good anti-ultraviolet and anti-bacterial function. In this paper, the effects of different treatment temperature, time and ratio of liquid to liquid on the UV resistance of Lithospermum erythrorhizon extract were studied. The optimum extraction conditions were as follows: extraction temperature 60 ℃, extraction time 2 h, ratio of liquid to liquid of Lithospermum and ethanol 1:11. In this paper, the anti-UV finishing of cotton fabric was carried out, and the anti-ultraviolet and whiteness of the fabric were taken as the main indexes. The optimum process of the anti-UV finishing was as follows: the impregnation temperature was 70 ℃, the immersion time was 2h, 1:40. Compared with the uncoated cotton fabric, the fabric UPF value of the fabric was improved from 12.31 to 83.25, and the anti-ultraviolet performance was excellent, and it had certain bacteriostatic effect on Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli.

Preparation, Characterization, and Activation of Co-Mo/Y Zeolite Catalyst for Coal Tar Conversion to Liquid Fuel

One of many efforts to convert coal tar into alternative liquid fuel is by hydrocracking. This research aims to determine the impregnation of Co-Mo/Y zeolite, its characteristics, the effect of impregnation temperature and time, and also the best Co-Mo/Y zeolite impregnation condition for the conversion of coal tar. This research was conducted in several steps, impregnating Co from Co(NO3)2.6H2O and Mo from (NH4)6Mo7O24.4H2O into Zeolite Y in liquid media, drying at 100 °C for 24 hours, and calcination at 550 °C for 3 hours. Coal tar was then reacted with hydrogen gas (as a reactant), and Co-Mo/Zeolite Y (as a catalyst) was conducted at 350 °C. Characteristic analysis showed that Co and Mo had impregnated into the Y zeolite, as well as it made no change of catalyst’s structure and increased the total acidity. The higher of impregnation temperature was increased the catalyst crystallinity, total acidity, and yield of gasoline. The longer impregnation time was reduced crystallinity value, but total acidity and yield were increased. GC analysis showed that products included into the gasoline product (C8, C9, and C10). Copyright © 2017 BCREC Group. All rights reservedReceived: 13rd November 2016; Revised: 12nd February 2017; Accepted: 16th February 2017How to Cite: Anggoro, D.D., Buchori, L., Silaen, G.C., Utami, R.N. (2017). Preparation, Characterization, and Activation of Co-Mo/Y Zeolite Catalyst for Coal Tar Conversion to Liquid Fuel. Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis, 12 (2): 219-226 (doi:10.9767/bcrec.12.2.768.219-226)Permalink/DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.12.2.768.219-226