scholarly journals How to Anticipate Public Health Indicators Using Wastewater SARS-CoV-2 Concentration During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Madrid Region Case Study

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Lastra ◽  
Jaime Botello ◽  
Alejandro Pinilla ◽  
Jesús Canora ◽  
Juan Sánchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Active Infection ◽  
Water Utility ◽  
Utility Company ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Public Health Indicators ◽  
Sanitation Systems

Abstract This study analyzes the presence and dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 in sewage sanitation systems in the Madrid region. The statistical results and data generated are presented daily via a platform as a tool for the early detection of SARS-CoV-2 and its spread based on the WBE (wastewater-based epidemiological) approach. The number of sampled points amounts to a total of 289 sampling points in terms of SARS-CoV-2 concentration that collects over six million and a half inhabitants’ discharges. The project was developed by Canal de Isabel II, the water utility company from Madrid. The research evaluates the correlation found between SARS-CoV-2 concentration in wastewater and the following public health indicators: incidence rate, reported active cases and COVID-19 hospitalization data (regular hospitalization and ICU admission cases).SARS-CoV-2 presence and dynamics in wastewater show a strong connection with both 14-day incidence rates with active infection and reported COVID-19 hospitalizations. A lag varying from 3 to 8 days between wastewater presence and hospitalizations is explained because the infection is found in the feces of patients before symptom onset. The resulting data are available for consultancy on the company’s website (named VIGÍA project) as well as on the regional government’s websites.The results have already been useful to anticipate the second and third COVID-19 waves in Madrid. Information is shared daily with health authorities for consultancy and decision-making. The results are available as an aggregation for the entire region and for each sewershed.

scholarly journals How to Anticipate Public Health Indicators Using Wastewater SARS-CoV-2 Concentration During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Madrid Region Case Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Lastra ◽  
Jaime Botello ◽  
Alejandro Pinilla ◽  
Jesús Canora ◽  
Juan Sánchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Public Health Indicators

scholarly journals Status report - Geographic retail food environment measures for use in public health

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 357-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahalya Mahendra ◽  
Jane Y. Polsky ◽  
Éric Robitaille ◽  
Marc Lefebvre ◽  
Tina McBrien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Food Environment ◽  
Work Group ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Status Report ◽  
Retail Food Environment ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Public Health Indicators ◽  
Regional Health Authorities ◽  
Retail Food

The Association of Public Health Epidemiologists in Ontario (APHEO) Core Indicators Work Group standardizes definitions and calculation methods for over 120 public health indicators to enhance accurate and standardized community health status reporting across public health units in Ontario. The Built Environment Subgroup is a multi-disciplinary group made up of planners, researchers, policy analysts, registered dietitians, geographic information systems (GIS) analysts and epidemiologists. The Subgroup selected and operationalized a suite of objective, standardized indicators intended to help public health units and regional health authorities assess their community retail food environments. The Subgroup proposed three indicators that use readily available data sources and GIS tools to characterize geographic access to various types of retail food outlets within neighbourhoods in urban settings. This article provides a status report on the development of these food environment indicators.

Managing the effectiveness of the regional health system

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 698-720
Author(s):  
E.V. Lobkova ◽  
A.S. Petrichenko
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health System ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Krasnoyarsk Krai ◽  
Regional Health ◽  
Luenberger Observer ◽  
Efficiency Assessment ◽  
Public Health Indicators

Subject. This article studies the mechanism of State health regulation and methods of management of efficiency of regional healthcare institutions. Objectives. The article aims to analyze the territorial health system in the context of the urgent need to optimize budget expenditures and address public health problems, as well as develop directions to improve the effectiveness of the regional health system of the Krasnoyarsk Krai. Methods. For the study, we used the method of index numbers and calculation of dynamics indicators using official statistics data. Results. We have developed and now present a system of indicators of regional health efficiency assessment, focused mainly on public health indicators and quality of medical services. We also offer our own version of the Luenberger observer modification adapted to the objectives of the regional health system analysis. Conclusions and Relevance. The article concludes that it is necessary to optimize the regional health system using the parameters of medical and social efficiency of the system. The proposed approach to assessing the effectiveness of regional health system can be used as a mechanism to develop recommendations for the management of the network of medical and prophylactic institutions of the region.

scholarly journals Fueling the Covid-19 pandemic: summer school holidays and incidence rates in German districts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Plümper ◽  
Eric Neumayer
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Summer School ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Robert Koch Institute ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Holiday Period ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Public Health Authorities

AbstractBackgroundThe Robert-Koch-Institute reports that during the summer holiday period a foreign country is stated as the most likely place of infection for an average of 27 and a maximum of 49% of new SARS-CoV-2 infections in Germany.MethodsCross-sectional study on observational data. In Germany, summer school holidays are coordinated between states and spread out over 13 weeks. Employing a dynamic model with district fixed effects, we analyze the association between these holidays and weekly incidence rates across 401 German districts.ResultsWe find effects of the holiday period of around 45% of the average district incidence rates in Germany during their respective final week of holidays and the 2 weeks after holidays end. Western states tend to experience stronger effects than Eastern states. We also find statistically significant interaction effects of school holidays with per capita taxable income and the share of foreign residents in a district’s population.ConclusionsOur results suggest that changed behavior during the holiday season accelerated the pandemic and made it considerably more difficult for public health authorities to contain the spread of the virus by means of contact tracing. Germany’s public health authorities did not prepare adequately for this acceleration.

Exploring the Relationship between ICTs and Public Health at Country Level

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viju Raghupathi ◽  
Wullianallur Raghupathi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Fertility Rate ◽  
Child Immunization ◽  
The Public ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Public Health Indicators ◽  
The Relationship

The authors use a health analytics approach to investigate the relationship between information and communication technology (ICT) and public health at a country level. The research uses the ICT factors of accessibility, usage, quality, affordability, trade, and applications, as well as the public delivery indicators of adolescent fertility rate, child immunization for DPT, child immunization for measles, tuberculosis detection rate, life expectancy, adult female mortality rate, and adult male mortality rate. ICT data was collected from the International Telecommunication Union ICT Indicator database. The public health data was collected from the World Bank website. Results of the analytics indicate that ICT factors are positively associated with some public health indicators. Nearly all of the ICT factors are positively associated with the public health indicators of immunization rates, TB detection rates, and life expectancy. The association with adult mortality is negative, which is also favorable. However, the association of ICT with fertility rate is negative, which is an unfavorable effect. These results offer insight into the importance of understanding the positive and adverse impacts of ICT on public health so as to guide national policy decisions in the future.

scholarly journals An Approach to Developing Local Climate Change Environmental Public Health Indicators in a Rural District

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adele Houghton ◽  
Jessica Austin ◽  
Abby Beerman ◽  
Clayton Horton
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Climate Change ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Health Department ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Public Health Department ◽  
Environmental Public Health ◽  
Vulnerability Indicators ◽  
Public Health Indicators ◽  
Climate And Health

Climate change represents a significant and growing threat to population health. Rural areas face unique challenges, such as high rates of vulnerable populations; economic uncertainty due to their reliance on industries that are vulnerable to climate change; less resilient infrastructure; and lower levels of access to community and emergency services than urban areas. This article fills a gap in public health practice by developing climate and health environmental public health indicators for a local public health department in a rural area. We adapted the National Environmental Public Health Tracking Network’s framework for climate and health indicators to a seven-county health department in Western Kentucky. Using a three-step review process, we identified primary climate-related environmental public health hazards for the region (extreme heat, drought, and flooding) and a suite of related exposure, health outcome, population vulnerability, and environmental vulnerability indicators. Indicators that performed more poorly at the county level than at the state and national level were defined as “high vulnerability.” Six to eight high vulnerability indicators were identified for each county. The local health department plans to use the results to enhance three key areas of existing services: epidemiology, public health preparedness, and community health assessment.

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