scholarly journals Dietary choline enhanced skin immune response of juvenile grass carp might be related to STAT3 and NF-kB signaling pathway (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ze-Hong Yuan ◽  
Lin Feng ◽  
Wei-dan Jiang ◽  
Pei Wu ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Function ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Grass Carp ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Mrna Abundance ◽  
Ctenopharyngodon Idella ◽  
Fish Health ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Dietary Choline

Abstract Background: Choline is an indispensable vitamin of fish; which deficiency affects fish health. Fish health is affected by skin immune function. Hence, the present study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary choline on skin immune function as well as underlying mechanisms of juvenile grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella).Results: The results exhibited that dietary choline (1) advanced the content of phosphatidylcholine (PC), betaine, and choline in grass crap skin (P < 0.05), up-regulated the mRNA abundance of choline transporter CHT1, CTL5, and CTL1 indicating that dietary choline could increase the contents of choline might be connected with choline transporters in the grass carp skin; (2) receded skin lesion and increased the level of IgM, C4, C3, and the activities of acid phosphatase (ACP) and lysozyme activity (LZ), raised mucin2, β-defensin, hepcidin, and LEAP-2B mRNA abundance (rather than LEAP-2A), down-regulated pro-inflammatory cytokines mRNA abundance (IFN-γ2, IL-15, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-12P40, and IL-1β) in skin of juvenile grass carp (P < 0.05), up-regulated anti-inflammatory cytokines mRNA abundance ( IL-10, IL-4/13A, TGF-β1, IL-11, and IL-4/13B) in grass crap skin (P < 0.05) demonstrating that choline enhanced the skin immune function; (3) down-regulated the mRNA abundance of IKKγ, NF-κBp52, , IKKβ, c-Rel, NF-κBp65, STAT3b2, STAT3b1 JAK1, and JAK2 as well as protein level of NF-κBp65 and p-STAT3 Tyr705 in nucleus, inhibited the mRNA and protein level of IkBα (P < 0.05), indicating that choline enhanced immune function might be relevant to JAK/STAT3 and NF-κB signaling pathway in fish skin.Conclusions: In conclusion, choline enhanced the skin immune function might be relate to JAK/STAT3 and NF-κB signaling molecules in fish. Furthermore, based on immune indices of grass carp (9.28-108.97g) skin (C3 and IgM contents as well as ACP activities), the choline requirements were estimated to be 1475.81, 1364.24, and 1574.37 mg/kg diet, respectively.

scholarly journals Dietary Choline-Enhanced Skin Immune Response of Juvenile Grass Carp Might Be Related to the STAT3 and NF-kB Signaling Pathway (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ze-Hong Yuan ◽  
Lin Feng ◽  
Wei-dan Jiang ◽  
Pei Wu ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Function ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Grass Carp ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokine ◽  
Mrna Abundance ◽  
Ctenopharyngodon Idella ◽  
Cytokine Mrna ◽  
Choline Transporter ◽  
Dietary Choline

To investigate the effects and potential mechanisms of dietary choline on immune function in the skin of juvenile grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), fish were fed different diets containing different levels of choline (142. 2, 407.4, 821.6, 1215.8, 1589.3, and 1996.6 mg/kg) for 70 d and then sampled after a 6-d challenge test. The results exhibited that dietary choline (1) advanced the contents of phosphatidylcholine (PC), betaine, and choline in grass carp skin (P &lt; 0.05) and upregulated the mRNA abundance of choline transporter high-affinity choline transporter 1 (CHT1), choline transporter-like protein 1 (CTL1), and choline transporter-like protein 5 (CTL5), indicating that dietary choline could increase the contents of choline which might be connected with choline transporters in the grass carp skin; (2) receded skin rot symptom after infection with A. hydrophila (Aeromonas hydrophila), increased the levels of IgM, C4, and C3 and the activities of acid phosphatase (ACP) and lysozyme (LZ), raised mucin2, β-defensin, hepcidin, and LEAP-2B mRNA abundance (rather than LEAP-2A), downregulated pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNA abundance (IFN-γ2, IL-15, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-12P40, and IL-1β) in skin of juvenile grass carp (P &lt; 0.05), and upregulated anti-inflammatory cytokine mRNA abundance (IL-10, IL-4/13A, TGF-β1, IL-11, and IL-4/13B) in grass carp skin (P &lt; 0.05), demonstrating that choline enhanced the skin immune function; and (3) downregulated the mRNA abundance of IKKγ, NF-κBp52, IKKβ, c-Rel, NF-κBp65, STAT3b2, STAT3b1, JAK1, and JAK2 as well as protein level of NF-κBp65, p-STAT3 Tyr705, and p-STAT3 Ser727 in nucleus and inhibited the mRNA and protein level of IkBα (P &lt; 0.05), indicating that choline-enhanced immune function might be relevant to the JAK1, 2 /STAT3, and NF-κB signaling pathway in fish skin. In conclusion, choline enhanced the skin immune function which might be related to JAK1, 2/STAT3, and NF-κB signaling molecules in fish. Furthermore, based on immune indices of grass carp (9.28–108.97 g) skin (C3 and IgM contents as well as ACP activities), the choline requirements were estimated to be 1475.81, 1364.24, and 1574.37 mg/kg diet, respectively.

Condensed tannins decreased the growth performance and impaired intestinal immune function in on-growing grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

2019 ◽  
Vol 123 (7) ◽  
pp. 737-755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei Li ◽  
Lin Feng ◽  
Wei-Dan Jiang ◽  
Pei Wu ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Function ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Grass Carp ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Ctenopharyngodon Idella ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Distal Intestine ◽  
Proximal Intestine

AbstractThe present study investigated the effects of condensed tannins (CT) on intestinal immune function in on-growing grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). A total of 540 healthy grass carp were fed six diets containing different levels of CT (0, 10·00, 20·00, 30·00, 40·00 and 50·00 g/kg diet) for 70 d and then challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila for 14 d. The results showed that, compared with the control group, dietary CT (1) induced intestinal histopathological lesions and aggravated enteritis; (2) decreased lysozyme and acid phosphatase activities, complement 3 (C3), C4 and IgM contents and down-regulated the Hepcidin, liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide (LEAP)-2A, LEAP-2B, Mucin2 and β-defensin-1 mRNA levels in the proximal intestine (PI), mid intestine (MI) and distal intestine (DI) (P < 0·05); (3) down-regulated the mRNA levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, TGF-β2 (not in MI and DI), IL-4/13A (not IL-4/13B), IL-10 and IL-11 partly correlated with target of rapamycin (TOR) signalling; and (4) up-regulated the mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines interferon-γ2, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 (not in PI), IL-12p35, IL-12p40, IL-15 and IL-17D partly related to NF-κB signalling in the intestine of on-growing grass carp. Overall, the results indicated that CT could impair the intestinal immune function, and its potential regulation mechanisms were partly associated with the TOR and NF-κB signalling pathways. Finally, based on the percentage weight gain and enteritis morbidity, the maximum allowable levels of CT for on-growing grass carp (232·22–890·11 g) were estimated to be 18·6 and 17·4 g/kg diet, respectively.

scholarly journals Mannan Oligosaccharides Application: Multipath Restriction From Aeromonas hydrophila Infection in the Skin Barrier of Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyuan Lu ◽  
Lin Feng ◽  
Wei-Dan Jiang ◽  
Pei Wu ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽  
Grass Carp ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Ctenopharyngodon Idella ◽  
Skin Barrier Function ◽  
Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon Idella ◽  
Mannan Oligosaccharides

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of dietary Mannan oligosaccharides (MOS) supplementation on skin barrier function and the mechanism of on-growing grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Five hundred forty grass carp were fed for 60 days from the growing stage with six different levels of MOS diets (0, 200, 400, 600, 800, and 1,000 mg kg-1). At the end of the growth trial, the 14-day Aeromonas hydrophila challenge experiment has proceeded. The obtained data indicate that MOS could (1) decline skin lesion morbidity after being challenged by the pathogenic bacteria; (2) maintain physical barrier function via improving antioxidant ability, inhibiting excessive apoptosis, and strengthening the tight junction between the epithelial cell and the related signaling pathway (Nrf2/Keap1, p38MAPK, and MLCK); and (3) regulate immune barrier function by modulating the production of antimicrobial compound and expression of involved cytokines and the related signaling pathway (TOR and NFκB). Finally, we concluded that MOS supplementation reinforced the disease resistance and protected the fish skin barrier function from Aeromonas hydrophila infection.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document