scholarly journals 5-day flooding followed by 3-day drainage wet-dry alternation cycle is highly effective in reducing Cd and As content in rice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiongli Bao ◽  
Wankui Bao ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Shengnan Zhang ◽  
Yizong Huang
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Redox Potential ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Soil Redox ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Management Regimes ◽  
Optimal Measure ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract To comparatively and simultaneously investigate the reducing efficiency of the different wet-dry alternation cycles on the Cd and As absorption and transportation in rice organs, and synthesis of amino acids (AAs) in rice in two soils with different levels of Cd and As contamination, controlled pot experiments were conducted in this study. Results showed that wet-dry alternation treatments reduced Cd and As concentrations in grains by 18.8%-80% and by 77.4%-86.7% in W soil, respectively; and 76.1%-90.8% and 73.1%-80.6% in H soil, respectively. Cd and As concentrations in the soil solution were negatively and positively correlated with soil pH, respectively; but positively and negatively correlated with soil redox potential (Eh), respectively. The minimum “trade-off” values were observed in the 5 d Flooded followed by 3 d Drained treatment in both soils. The Drained treatment greatly improved AAs contents in rice organs in both soils. The changes of AAs were negatively explained more than 70% by the rachises As. Totally, the F5D3 treatment was identified as the optimal measure for simultaneously minimizing Cd and As accumulations in rice in studied soils, and water management regimes regulated the synthesis of AAs in rice organs by affecting the accumulation of As in rachises.

scholarly journals 49 Effects of in-vitro digestibility in cannulated steers when supplemented different levels of glycerol

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 55-56
Author(s):  
Noheli Gutierrez ◽  
Jamie A Boyd
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract A study was conducted to evaluate effects of increasing concentration of food grade glycerol on rumen environment and nutrient digestibility. Three ruminally cannulated Jersey steers were used in this study. The study was conducted from March to May 2019. Experimental design was a 3x3 Latin square with a 2wk adjustment period followed by a 1wk collection period. Diet was coastal bermudagrass hay based. Different forage types were introduced in the incubation process to evaluate digestibility. Glycerol was administered once a day at 0, 15, or 20% of DMI (dry matter intake). dNDF (digestible NDF) and dDM (digestible dry matter) was determined using an ANKOM Daisy II incubator inoculated with 200g fresh rumen fluid and incubated for 12, 24, 48 and 72 h at 39°C. Each vessel contained ground forage samples in filter bags in triplicate. After incubation, filter bags were rinsed with cold water and dried for 24h in a 55°C forced air oven. Data were analyzed using the Proc MIXED procedure of SAS version 9.4. There was no difference dNDF in effect of different levels of glycerol between forage types by diet. But a numerical tendency was observed that dNDF was decreased at 20% inclusion rates in comparison to 0 and 15% inclusion of glycerol in the diet. Neither steer nor run was significantly different in the study. However as expected digestibility over time was significantly different (P < 0.001). A significant increase was observed in DMI with the increased levels of glycerol in the diet (P = 0.003), both the 15% and 20% levels of glycerol increased in DMI in comparison to the control (0%). It appears based on these study results that digestibility may be inhibited, as levels of dietary glycerol increase in the diet and more work needs to be done to find the optimal level of glycerol supplementation.

scholarly journals Central line associated bloodstream infections in cohort of abdominal surgical patients

2013 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Vesna Mioljevic ◽  
Miroslav Milicevic ◽  
Vesna Bumbasirevic ◽  
Vesna Suljagic
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Central Line ◽  
Aseptic Technique ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Anatomic Site ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Significant Difference

INTRODUCTION: Central venous catheter (CVC) placement is an unavoidable part of the everyday medical practice. At the same time CVC application is associated with high risk of development of central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs). These infections are cause of icreased morbidity and mortality rates as well as higer costs of the inpatient treatment2. Risk factors for onset of CLABSIs include duration of catheterization, length of hospital stay before catheterization, anatomic site of placement, CVC placement at the intensive care units (ICU), parenteral nutrition (PN) and ommisions diring CVC placement, use and care. CLABSI incidence rates vary depending on distribution of different risk factors associated with CVC and patient him/herself. The most significant causative organisms of CLABSIs are coagulase-negative Staphylococcocae, Staphylococcus aureus (S.aures), Enterococcus spp. i Candida spp. CLABSIs prevention measures include compliance with the rules of the aseptic technique upon placement, use and care of CVCs, which, based on the study results, may enable prevention of 65% to 70% of cases of CLABSIs. METHODS: A prospective cohort study included 200 patients hospitalized at the intensive care and therapy units of the CCS Clinic of Digestive Surgery in the period November 30th, 2006-November 31st, 2007 in whom CVC was placed for more than 48 hours. All the data necessary for the study were obtained based on the review of the case histories and they were recorded into the individual questionnaires for each patient. The questionnarire included patient information (age, gender, underlying disease, presence of other infections), information related to diagnostic and therapeutic procedures to which the patient was exposed. The incidence of CRBSIs in ICU patients, Institute of Digestive Diseases, CCS over the study period was 10.08 per 1,000 catheter-days. During the study CLABSI more often present in the females. Additionally, application of albumin and amino acids, ICU stay longer that 7 days and CVC application longer than 15 days, significantly more often present in patients with CRBSIs than in the group of patients without CRBSIs. Independent factors for development of CRBSI are gender, administration of albumin and amino acids. The most common microorganisms isolated from hemocultures and CVC were S. aureus and Klebsiella spp., with 31,8% of isolates each. Statistically significant difference was evidenced in frequency of resistance of S. aureus isolates to methicillin in the group of patients with CRBSI in comparison to the group of patients without CLABSIs. CLABSIs prevention measurs include compliance with the rules of the aseptic technique upon placement, use and care of CVCs.

Environmental controls in Pacific Northwest intertidal marsh plant communities

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 1105-1116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kern Ewing
Keyword(s):  
Redox Potential ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Puget Sound ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Mode Analysis ◽  
Soil Redox Potential ◽  
Soil Redox ◽  
Environmental Controls

Relationships between environmental variables and species distribution were studied in a brackish intertidal marsh formed by the Skagit River as it enters the Puget Sound bay system in Washington. Transects were established which covered the range of environmental variation in the marsh. A grid of environmental measuring stations provided information on soil texture, organic content of soil fines, macroorganic material in the soil, soil temperatures, interstitial soil water salinity, soil redox potential, and site elevation. Binary discriminant analysis, a nonparametric method using species presence–absence data, was used to construct standardized residual matrices. Principal component analysis of standardized residuals (Q mode) indicated that salinity and soil texture were strongly correlated with the first factor generated, elevation with the second, and soil redox potential with the third. The factors explained, respectively, 48, 21, and 14% of the variance in the residuals matrix. From R-mode analysis, eight community types were derived: three dominated by Carex lyngbyei, two by Scirpus americanus, one by Scirpus maritimus, and two which are highly diverse.

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