scholarly journals 49 Effects of in-vitro digestibility in cannulated steers when supplemented different levels of glycerol

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 55-56
Author(s):  
Noheli Gutierrez ◽  
Jamie A Boyd
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract A study was conducted to evaluate effects of increasing concentration of food grade glycerol on rumen environment and nutrient digestibility. Three ruminally cannulated Jersey steers were used in this study. The study was conducted from March to May 2019. Experimental design was a 3x3 Latin square with a 2wk adjustment period followed by a 1wk collection period. Diet was coastal bermudagrass hay based. Different forage types were introduced in the incubation process to evaluate digestibility. Glycerol was administered once a day at 0, 15, or 20% of DMI (dry matter intake). dNDF (digestible NDF) and dDM (digestible dry matter) was determined using an ANKOM Daisy II incubator inoculated with 200g fresh rumen fluid and incubated for 12, 24, 48 and 72 h at 39°C. Each vessel contained ground forage samples in filter bags in triplicate. After incubation, filter bags were rinsed with cold water and dried for 24h in a 55°C forced air oven. Data were analyzed using the Proc MIXED procedure of SAS version 9.4. There was no difference dNDF in effect of different levels of glycerol between forage types by diet. But a numerical tendency was observed that dNDF was decreased at 20% inclusion rates in comparison to 0 and 15% inclusion of glycerol in the diet. Neither steer nor run was significantly different in the study. However as expected digestibility over time was significantly different (P < 0.001). A significant increase was observed in DMI with the increased levels of glycerol in the diet (P = 0.003), both the 15% and 20% levels of glycerol increased in DMI in comparison to the control (0%). It appears based on these study results that digestibility may be inhibited, as levels of dietary glycerol increase in the diet and more work needs to be done to find the optimal level of glycerol supplementation.

Differences between the in vitro digestibility of extrusa collected from oesophageal fistulated steers and the forage consumed

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 563 ◽  
Author(s):  
David B. Coates ◽  
Robert J. Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
In Vitro Techniques ◽  
Pasture Legumes ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
C3 Grasses

In a study that included C4 tropical grasses, C3 temperate grasses and C3 pasture legumes, in vitro dry matter digestibility of extrusa, measured as in vitro dry matter loss (IVDML) during incubation, compared with that of the forage consumed, was greater for grass extrusa but not for legume extrusa. The increase in digestibility was not caused by mastication or by the freezing of extrusa samples during storage but by the action of saliva. Comparable increases in IVDML were achieved merely by mixing bovine saliva with ground forage samples. Differences were greater than could be explained by increases due to completely digestible salivary DM. There was no significant difference between animals in relation to the saliva effect on IVDML and, except for some minor differences, similar saliva effects on IVDML were measured using either the pepsin–cellulase or rumen fluid–pepsin in vitro techniques. For both C4 and C3 grasses the magnitude of the differences were inversely related to IVDML of the feed and there was little or no difference between extrusa and feed at high digestibilities (>70%) whereas differences of more than 10 percentage units were measured on low quality grass forages. The data did not suggest that the extrusa or saliva effect on digestibility was different for C3 grasses than for C4 grasses but data on C3 grasses were limited to few species and to high digestibility samples. For legume forages there was no saliva effect when the pepsin–cellulase method was used but there was a small but significant positive effect using the rumen fluid–pepsin method. It was concluded that when samples of extrusa are analysed using in vitro techniques, predicted in vivo digestibility of the feed consumed will often be overestimated, especially for low quality grass diets. The implications of overestimating in vivo digestibility and suggestions for overcoming such errors are discussed.

EFFECT OF BARLEY SUPPLEMENT TO THE RATION OF DONOR ANIMALS USED IN IN VITRO DIGESTIBILITY DETERMINATION

1970 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. W. CALDER
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Alfalfa Hay ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Ad Libitum

Rumen fluid from two sheep was used to determine in vitro dry matter digestibilities of 25 samples each from alfalfa hay (Medicago sativa L.) and barley grain (Hordeum vulgare L.). The sheep were fed either a good quality hay ad libitum and 1 kg rolled barley per day, or only the hay ad libitum, in a switchback design. The in vitro dry matter digestibilities of both alfalfa hay and barley were lower (P < 0.01) when the donor animal was fed hay and barley than when fed only hay.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Molases Pada Amoniasi Jerami Padi Menggunakan Urea Terhadap Kecernaan Bahan Kering dan Bahan Organik In Vitro

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhamad Bata
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Improve Quality ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Organic Matter Digestibility

The effect of molasses on ammoniated straw by using urea on dry and organic matter digestibility as in vitroABSTRACT. Aimed of this research was to find out the optimal level of molasses addition to improve quality, dry matter and organic matter digestibility of rice straw ammonization process. Materials used were rumen fluid of fistula cattle, grind of rice straw, water, urea and molasses. Research designed used Completely Randomized Design (CRD). As treatments were R0: rice straw 1000 g dry matter + 500 g water + 50 g urea + 0 percent of molasses, R1: R0 + 15 percent of molasses, R2: R0 + 30 percent of molasses. Urea and molasses dissolved in water and then entered into pollybag. All pollybag observe and let for 15 days, each treatment replicated 6 times. Variable measured were dry matter digestibility and organic matter digestibility. Research result showed that ammonization product of NH3, Acidity Level and crude fiber having decreased while crude protein content increased. Variance analysis indicated that treatments had significant effect (P0.05) on dry matter and organic matter digestibility. Orthogonal polynomial test indicated that level of molasses increase (P0.05) of dry matter and organic matter digestibility linearly. It can be concluded that addition up to 30 percent in ammoniating of rice straw using urea can improve quality of ammonization and increasing dry matter and organic matter digestibility.

scholarly journals Senna spectabilis FRUIT ON HAIR LAMBS FEEDING: DIGESTIBILITY, BLOOD METABOLITES, AND RUMINAL KINETIC

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Danilo Bonilla-Trujillo ◽  
Jairo Andrés Pardo-Guzman ◽  
Román David Castañeda-Serrano
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Blood Metabolites ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Ruminal Degradability

Abstract In recent years sheep, farming has emerged as an alternative production system especially in dry areas. The use of leaves and fruit from some trees has become an alternative for feeding for ruminants; however, studies on these species are scarce. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of S. spectabilis fruit meal on in vivo and in vitro digestibility, blood metabolites, and ruminal kinetics in hair lambs. This study was carried out at Las Brisas farm, University of Tolima - Colombia. Twelve male hair lambs with body weight of 20.3 ± 2.5 kg were used. Animals were distributed in an experimental 4x4 Latin square design. The treatments consisted of diets based on Dichanthium spp hay with different inclusion levels of S. spectabilis fruit meal (15, 30, and 45%). A linear increasing effect (P <0.05) was observed for in vivo and in vitro digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, and crude protein; likewise, plasma urea and ruminal degradability increased as the level of supplementation of S. spectabilis increased. The meal of S. spectabilis improves digestibility, protein intake, and ruminal kinetics in hair lambs; therefore, it is suggested as a promising alternative for ruminants feeding in dry tropic regions.

The effects of three total mixed rations with different concentrate to maize silage ratios and different levels of microalgae Chlorella vulgaris on in vitro total gas, methane and carbon dioxide production

2016 ◽  
Vol 155 (3) ◽  
pp. 494-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. KHOLIF ◽  
M. M. Y. ELGHANDOUR ◽  
A. Z. M. SALEM ◽  
A. BARBABOSA ◽  
O. MÁRQUEZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Chlorella Vulgaris ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Production ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Different Levels

SUMMARYThe aim of the current study was to assess the effects of adding Chlorella vulgaris algae at different levels on in vitro gas production (GP) of three total mixed rations (TMR) with different concentrate (C): maize silage (S) ratios (25C : 75S, 50C : 50S, 75C : 25S). Chlorella vulgaris was added at 0, 20, 40 and 80 mg/g dry matter (DM) of the TMR and total gas, methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) production were recorded after 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24 and 48 h of incubation in three runs. Increasing concentrate portion in the TMR linearly increased the asymptotic GP and decreased the rate of GP without affecting the lag time. Addition of C. vulgaris at 20 mg/g DM to the 25C : 75S TMR increased the asymptotic GP, CH4, CO2 and GP at 48 h. Addition of C. vulgaris to the 50C : 50S TMR decreased the asymptotic GP and GP at 48 h. Higher CH4 production was observed at 48 h of incubation when C. vulgaris was included at (per g DM): 20 mg for the 25C : 75S ration, 40 mg for the 50C : 50S ration and 80 mg for the 75C : 25S ration. Inclusion of C. vulgaris linearly increased CH4 production for the 50C : 50S ration and increased CO2 production at 10 and 12 h of incubation for the 50C : 50S ration, whereas 20 and 40 mg C. vulgaris/g DM of the 75C : 25S TMR decreased CO2 production. The 25C : 75S TMR had the highest in vitro DM disappearance with C. vulgaris addition. Chlorella vulgaris addition was more effective with rations high in fibre content than those high in concentrates. It can be concluded that the optimal level of C. vulgaris addition was 20 mg/g DM for improved ruminal fermentation of the 25C : 75S TMR.

Comparison of rumen fluid from South African game species and from sheep to digest tanniniferous browse

2001 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 453 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Jones ◽  
J. H. F. Meyer ◽  
F. M. Bechaz ◽  
M. A. Stoltz ◽  
B. Palmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
South African ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Microbial Populations ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Rumen Bacteria

The hypothesis that South African game animals that use browse containing condensed tannins (CT) could have rumen microbial populations better able to ferment tanniniferous forages was explored. Rumen fluid (RF) from a range of browsing ruminants was used to ferment tanniniferous forages in vitro and the results were compared with the values obtained with rumen fluid from sheep. Leaves of the shrub legumes Leucaena leucocephala, L. pallida, L. trichandra, Calliandra calothyrsus,Gliricidia sepium, and Acacia boliviana were used as substrates. In vitro digestibility of dry matter (IVDMD) and nitrogen (IVND) was measured in the presence or absence of polyethylene glycol (PEG) 4000 to assess the adverse effects of the CT in the feeds. Rumen fluid from giraffe, greater kudu, eland, duiker, impala, nyala, goat, and gnu was compared with that from sheep. Ability to metabolise or block the adverse effects of CT was expected to result in only a small or no response to PEG in terms of IVDMD and IVND with rumen fluid from browsers, and therefore to result in a significant animal feed and animal PEG interaction. There were no significant (P > 0.05) animal feed interactions. For every animal species there was a response to PEG in terms of IVND, and this response was linearly related to the CT in the feed as measured by PEG binding using 14C-labelled PEG. Rumen fluid from browsers had a lower pH (5.78 0.060 v. 6.68 0.052) and a higher dry matter content (1473 102 mg v. 415 4.3 mg/100 mL RF) than that of grazers (sheep and gnu). However, when measured at 2 pH levels (6.7 and 5.8), IVDMD and IVND of the feeds were not improved at the lower pH with rumen fluid from the browsers. Rather, digestibility was depressed at the lower pH with rumen fluid from all animal species. We conclude from these in vitro studies that rumen microbial populations from browsers are not able to ferment tanniniferous forages better than rumen microbial populations from grazers. It seems likely that these browsers do not have rumen bacteria capable of degrading the CT in these shrub legumes. Production on such tanniniferous feeds may well depend on tannin binding with proline-rich saliva rather than on metabolism of or tolerance to CT by rumen bacteria.

EFFECTS OF DATES OF SEEDING AND LEVELS OF N FERTILIZATION ON YIELDS, CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND IN VITRO DIGESTIBILITY OF FORAGE KALE

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. PELLETIER ◽  
J. P. F. DARISSE ◽  
E. DONEFER
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Whole Plants ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Brassica Oleracea L

Forage kale (Brassica oleracea L.) was seeded on three dates and fertilized at different levels of N as NH4NO3 for 3 yr. The highest dry matter (DM) yield was obtained with the earliest date of seeding and with levels of N fertilization of 120 kg/ha. The yield of crude protein (CP) was relatively constant among years, for the different dates of seeding and for N fertilization above 120 kg/ha. Increasing N fertilization or delaying seeding increased the leaf:stem ratio, and consequently the CP content. The levels of NO3-N in stems, leaves and whole plants were at an acceptable level for safe feeding. The cellulose, crude fiber, Ca and P contents were not affected greatly either by the dates of seeding or by the levels of N fertilization. The in vitro DM digestibility (IVDMD) was not affected markedly by any treatment.

scholarly journals Fungal biodegradation of plantain peel for broiler finisher feeding: In vitro digestibility, effects on performance, haematological and serum parameters

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-89
Author(s):  
T. E. Lawal ◽  
O. M. Alabi ◽  
A. O. Oguntunji ◽  
I. A. Alagbe ◽  
O. A. Adebiyi
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Corpuscular Haemoglobin ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin ◽  
Inclusion Level ◽  
Fungal Biodegradation

The objective of this study was to investigate the changes in in-vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of plantain peel (PPL) after its biodegradation with Aspergillus niger and also to determine the effect of degraded PPL on the performance, nutrient digestibility, weights of internal organs, haematological and serum biochemical parameters of broiler finishers. A total of 165 uns exed broiler finishers that were 4 weeks old were used. Aspergillus niger was used for the biodegradation of PPL. There were five dietary treatments of 33 birds each. There were 0 % inclusion level of PPL (control), 7% inclusion level of undegraded PPL (UPPL) then 3, 5 and 7% inclusion levels of degraded PPL (DPPL). Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was adopted. Weight gain was significantly (P<0.05) higher with the birds fed degraded PPL. The highest value (46.39 gramin /bird) was found in treatment 5 (7% DPPL) and the lowest value (38.05 gramme /bird) was found in treatment 2 (7% UPPL). Feed conversion ratio (P<0.05) was best (2.22) in birds placed on 7% DPPL and this is comparable to those on 0%PPL, 3%D PPL and 5%DPPL. There were significant (P<0.05) differences in the digestibility of dry matter, crude protein and crude fibre. Crop, gizzard and abdominal fat were significantly (P<0.05) affected. The values of packed cell volume (PCW), mean corpuscular volume ( MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) total protein, cholesterol and glucose were significantly (P<0.05) affected by the treatments. Fungal biodegradation of PPL using A.niger has the potential of enhancing feed intake, nutrient digestibility and the body weight gain of broiler finisher.  Key words: ,, .

scholarly journals Digestibility of pelleted rations containing diverse potato flour and urea

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (11) ◽  
pp. 2063-2068
Author(s):  
Isabel Martinele ◽  
Paulo César de Aguiar Paiva ◽  
Fernando César Ferraz Lopes ◽  
Juliana de Cássia Pereira ◽  
Ludhiana Rosa Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Potato Flour ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Pelleted Feed ◽  
Quadratic Effects ◽  
Different Levels

The aim of this study was to evaluate ruminal in situ degradability and in vitro digestibility of dry matter (DM) in concentrate supplements containing diverse potato flour pelletized with urea (0%, 4%, 8%, and 12% DM). Samples of feeds were incubated for 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 36, and 48h in the rumen of four fistulated sheep. Level of urea added had no significant effect (P>;0.05) on the soluble fraction (a) or potentially degradable fraction (b) of the pellets and ranged from 2.1% to 12.2% and 72.9% to 87.5%, respectively. Quadratic effects (P=0.03) of the rate of degradation of fraction "b" ranged from 4.75% h-1to 7.39% h-1; the estimated maximum value at 7.4% h-1was obtained when 5.9% urea was added to the pellet. Quadratic effects (P≤0.02) of the level of urea added to the pellets on the effective degradability (ED) of DM were evaluated after considering rumen passage rates of 2.5% h-1and 8% h-1; the maximum values of ED calculated under these rumen passage rates were estimated at 6.3% to 7.3% urea in the pellets. The in vitro digestibility of DM of the pellets showed a quadratic effect (P=0.02) at different levels of urea, with a maximum value of 96.9% achieved when 7.9% urea was added to the pellets. Our results suggest that the addition of 6-8% urea to pelleted feed promotes an increase in the in vitro digestibility and ED of DM.

scholarly journals The Effect of Nutmeg Leaves Tannin (Myristica fragrans Houtt) as Protein Protecting Agents on In Vitro Nutrient Digestibility

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Canadianti ◽  
Lies Mira Yusiati ◽  
Chusnul Hanim ◽  
Budi Prasetyo Widyobroto ◽  
Andriyani Astuti
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
In Vitro Technique ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Organic Matter Digestibility

This experiment was aimed to study the effect of nutmeg leaf tannin addition on in vitro nutrient digestibility. Treatments in this experiment consisted of: P0 (control without tannin), P1 (feed + 2% tannin) and P2 (feed + 4% tannin). Feed for fermentation substrate consisted of Pennisetum purpureum and soybean meal with ratio 60:40. Fermentation was carried out using Tilley and Terry two stages in vitro technique for 48 hours. Variables measured were the digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, and crude protein in the rumen as well as the total digestive tract digestibility based on in vitro technique. The data obtained were analyzed by One Way ANOVA, and followed by the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results showed that rumen dry matter digestibility was lower (P<0.05) in P1 and P2 (59.03±3.24 and 57.19±1.32) compared to P0 (70.77±1.05), but did not show a significant difference (P>0.05) in the total dry matter digestibility of P0, P1, and P2 (74.88±5.28, 67.70±3.21, and 64.83±4.96). Organic matter digestibility in the rumen was also lower (P<0.05) in P1 and P2 (55.55±6.29 and 55.76±6.88) compared to P0 (75.39±0.91), but did not show significant difference (P>0.05) in total organic matter digestibility from P0, P1, and P2 (64.69±6.44, 64.33±6.34, and 61.20±5.11). The digestibility of crude protein in the rumen at P1 and P2 (45.48±5.12 and 38.47±3.44) was also significantly lower (P<0.05) compared to P0 (60.93±9.72), whereas total digestibility did not show any significant difference (P>0.05). Addition of tannin leaf nutmeg 2% optimally reduced rumen dry matter and crude protein digestibility without causing excessive negative impact on results of in vitro digestibility, so it can be used as a protective agent protein feed.

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