scholarly journals Expression Patterns of Major Genes in Fatty Acid Synthesis, Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Related Pathways and Quality Parameters During the Transition From Colostrum to Milk in Dairy Goats

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akın YAKAN ◽  
Huseyin OZKAN ◽  
Baran ÇAMDEVİREN ◽  
Ufuk KAYA ◽  
İrem KARAASLAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthesis ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Mature Milk ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Abstract Colostrum is quietly different from mature milk. The molecular regulation of milk secretion and quality in the transition period from colostrum to milk in goats is largely unknown. The present study, mammary gland secretion of goats was collected in 0th, 4th, 7th, 14th and 28th days after parturition. In addition to composition and fatty acid profile of colostrum or milk, FASN, SCD, ACACA, COX-2, NRF2, TLR2, NF-kB, LTF and PTX3 genes expression patterns were determined from milk somatic cells. While somatic cell count (SCC), malondialdehyde (MDA), fat, fat-free dry matter (FFDM), protein and lactose were highest as expression levels of the oxidative and inflammatory genes (P<0.05), freezing point and electrical conductivity were lowest in colostrum. With the continuation of lactation, most of the fatty acids, n3 ratio, and odour index had increased, on the other hand, C14:0 and C16:0 had decreased. In addition, FASN was upregulated almost 3 folds in 14th day (P<0.05). While SCD was similar, ACACA was upregulated more than 5 folds in 7th and 14th days (P<0.05). Furthermore, significant correlations were determined between studied genes. Although colostrum is important for offspring health in terms of inflammation and oxidative stress related pathways, further studies are needed on complex molecular pathways including fatty acid synthesis on goat mammary gland.

scholarly journals Expression patterns of major genes in fatty acid synthesis, inflammation, oxidative stress pathways from colostrum to milk in Damascus goats

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akın Yakan ◽  
Hüseyin Özkan ◽  
Baran Çamdeviren ◽  
Ufuk Kaya ◽  
İrem Karaaslan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthesis ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Major Genes ◽  
Genes Expression ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

AbstractThe molecular regulation of milk secretion and quality in the transition period from colostrum to milk in goats is largely unknown. In the present study, mammary gland secretion of goats was collected in 0th, 4th, 7th, 14th and 28th days after parturition. In addition to composition and fatty acid profile of colostrum or milk, FASN, SCD, ACACA, COX-2, NRF2, TLR2, NF-kB, LTF and PTX3 genes expression patterns were determined from milk somatic cells. While somatic cell count (SCC), malondialdehyde (MDA), fat, fat-free dry matter, protein and lactose were highest as expression levels of the oxidative and inflammatory genes, freezing point and electrical conductivity were lowest in colostrum. With the continuation of lactation, most of the fatty acids, n3 ratio, and odour index increased but C14:0 and C16:0 decreased. While FASN was upregulated almost threefolds in 14th day, ACACA was upregulated more than fivefolds in 7th and 14th days. Separately, the major genes in fatty acid synthesis, inflammation and oxidative stress were significantly associated with each other due to being positively correlated. MDA was positively correlated with SCC and some of the genes related inflammation and oxidative stress. Furthermore, significant negative correlations were determined between SCC and fatty acid synthesis related genes. With this study, transition period of mammary secretion was particularly clarified at the molecular levels in Damascus goats.

Fatty acid synthesis: from CO2 to functional genomics

2000 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 567-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Ohlrogge ◽  
M. Pollard ◽  
X. Bao ◽  
M. Focke ◽  
T. Girke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthesis ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Acetyl Coa ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Direct Production

For over 25 years there has been uncertainty over the pathway from CO2, to acetyl-CoA in chloroplasts. On the one hand, free acetate is the most effective substrate for fatty acid synthesis by isolated chloroplasts, and free acetate concentrations reported in leaf tissue (0.1–1 mM) appear adequate to saturate fatty acid synthase. On the other hand, a clear mechanism to generate sufficient free acetate for fatty acid synthesis is not established and direct production of acetyl-CoA from pyruvate by a plastid pyruvate dehydrogenase seems a more simple and direct path. We have re-examined this question and attempted to distinguish between the alternatives. The kinetics of 13CO2 and 14CO2 movement into fatty acids and the absolute rate of fatty acid synthesis in leaves was determined in light and dark. Because administered 14C appears in fatty acids within < 2–3 min our results are inconsistent with a large pool of free acetate as an intermediate in leaf fatty acid synthesis. In addition, these studies provide an estimate of the turnover rate of fatty acid in leaves. Studies similar to the above are more complex in seeds, and some questions about the regulation of plant lipid metabolism seem difficult to solve using conventional biochemical or molecular approaches. For example, we have little understanding of why or how some seeds produce >50%, oil whereas other seeds store largely carbohydrate or protein. Major control over complex plant biochemical pathways may only become possible by understanding regulatory networks which provide ‘global’ control over these pathways. To begin to discover such networks and provide a broad analysis of gene expression in developing oilseeds, we have produced micro-arrays that display approx. 5000 seed-expressed Arabidopsis genes. Sensitivity of the arrays was 1–2 copies of mRNA/cell. The arrays have been hybridized with probes derived from seeds, leaves and roots, and analysis of expression ratios between the different tissues has allowed the tissue-specific expression patterns of many hundreds of genes to be described for the first time. Approx. 10% of the genes were expressed at ratios ≥ 10-fold higher in seeds than in leaves or roots. Included in this list are a large number of proteins of unknown function, and potential regulatory factors such as protein kinases, phosphatases and transcription factors. The arrays were also found to be useful for analysis of Brassica seeds.

scholarly journals Sterol regulatory element binding protein and dietary lipid regulation of fatty acid synthesis in the mammary epithelium

2010 ◽  
Vol 299 (6) ◽  
pp. E918-E927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael C. Rudolph ◽  
Jenifer Monks ◽  
Valerie Burns ◽  
Meridee Phistry ◽  
Russell Marians ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthesis ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Regulatory Element ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
De Novo Lipogenesis ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Sterol Regulatory Element

The lactating mammary gland synthesizes large amounts of triglyceride from fatty acids derived from the blood and from de novo lipogenesis. The latter is significantly increased at parturition and decreased when additional dietary fatty acids become available. To begin to understand the molecular regulation of de novo lipogenesis, we tested the hypothesis that the transcription factor sterol regulatory element binding factor (SREBF)-1c is a primary regulator of this system. Expression of Srebf1c mRNA and six of its known target genes increased ≥2.5-fold at parturition. However, Srebf1c-null mice showed only minor deficiencies in lipid synthesis during lactation, possibly due to compensation by Srebf1a expression. To abrogate the function of both isoforms of Srebf1, we bred mice to obtain a mammary epithelial cell-specific deletion of SREBF cleavage-activating protein (SCAP), the SREBF escort protein. These dams showed a significant lactation deficiency, and expression of mRNA for fatty acid synthase ( Fasn), insulin-induced gene 1 ( Insig1), mitochondrial citrate transporter ( Slc25a1), and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 2 ( Scd2) was reduced threefold or more; however, the mRNA levels of acetyl-CoA carboxylase-1α ( Acaca) and ATP citrate lyase ( Acly) were unchanged. Furthermore, a 46% fat diet significantly decreased de novo fatty acid synthesis and reduced the protein levels of ACACA, ACLY, and FASN significantly, with no change in their mRNA levels. These data lead us to conclude that two modes of regulation exist to control fatty acid synthesis in the mammary gland of the lactating mouse: the well-known SREBF1 system and a novel mechanism that acts at the posttranscriptional level in the presence of SCAP deletion and high-fat feeding to alter enzyme protein.

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