scholarly journals Same-Day Versus Next-Day Dexamethasone Intracanalicular Insert Administration for Inflammation and Pain Control Following Cataract Surgery: A Retrospective Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Foster
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Patient Report ◽  
Ocular Surgery ◽  
Health Records ◽  
Anterior Chamber Cell ◽  
Perioperative Antibiotics ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Inflammation Resolution ◽  
Time Point

Abstract Background: The dexamethasone 0.4mg intracanalicular insert (Dextenza, Ocular Therapeutix, Bedford, MA) is approved for control of postoperative pain and inflammation following ocular surgery. This study compared pain and inflammation resolution following phacoemulsification in eyes that received the insert immediately postoperatively versus the next day.Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of existing electronic health records. Consecutive qualifying eyes were included for analysis. All patients received perioperative antibiotics and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Pain and inflammation were assessed at baseline and on postoperative days 1, 7, and 30. Pain was assessed by dichotomous patient report (present/absent). Anterior chamber cell (0, 0.5+, 1-4+) and flare (0-4+) were graded using the Standardization of Uveitis Nomenclature rubric. Results: Data from 17 eyes of 17 subjects were analyzed; 8 received the insert immediately postoperative and 9 in the office the next day. In both groups, trace cell was present in all eyes at day 1 and had resolved in all but 1 eye in each group at days 7 and 30. Flare was absent in all eyes at every time point, and transient pain was reported in a single same-day eye on day 7. No insert-related adverse events were observed, and no eyes required rescue corticosteroid therapy or insert removal.Conclusion: Similar rates of inflammation and pain resolution after phacoemulsification were achieved with the dexamethasone intracanalicular insert placed either immediately postoperatively or the next day. These findings expand options for insert use to offer surgeons and patients greater flexibility in developing perioperative pain and inflammation control strategies.

Transcriptional Profiling of Early and Late Phases of Bovine Tuberculosis.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hazem F. M. Abdelaal ◽  
Tyler C. Thacker ◽  
Bishoy Wadie ◽  
Mitchell V. Palmer ◽  
Adel M. Talaat
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Chemokine Receptors ◽  
Host Response ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Virulent Strain ◽  
Transcriptional Profiling ◽  
Early Time ◽  
Late Time ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Time Point

Bovine tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis var. bovis ( M. bovis ), is an important enzootic disease affecting mainly cattle, worldwide. Despite the implementation of national campaigns to eliminate the disease, bovine tuberculosis remains recalcitrant to eradication in several countries. Characterizing the host response to M. bovis infection is crucial for understanding the immunopathogenesis of the disease and for developing better control strategies. To profile the host responses to M. bovis infection, we analyzed the transcriptome of whole blood cells collected from experimentally infected calves with a virulent strain of M. bovis using RNA transcriptome sequencing (RNAseq). Comparative analysis of calf transcriptomes at early (8 weeks) vs. late (20 weeks) aerosol infection with M. bovis revealed divergent and unique profile for each stage of infection. Notably, at the early time point, transcriptional upregulation was observed among several of the top-ranking canonical pathways involved in T-cell chemotaxis. At the late time point, enrichment in the cell mediated cytotoxicity (e.g. Granzyme B) was the predominant host response. These results showed significant change in bovine transcriptional profiles and identified networks of chemokine receptors and monocyte chemoattractant protein (CCL) co-regulated genes that underline the host-mycobacterial interactions during progression of bovine tuberculosis in cattle. Further analysis of the transcriptomic profiles identified potential biomarker targets for early and late phases of tuberculosis in cattle. Overall, the identified profiles better characterized identified novel immunomodulatory mechanisms and provided a list of targets for further development of potential diagnostics for tuberculosis in cattle.

scholarly journals Constructing the effect of alternative intervention strategies on historic epidemics

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (27) ◽  
pp. 1203-1213 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.R Cook ◽  
G.J Gibson ◽  
T.R Gottwald ◽  
C.A Gilligan
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Partial Information ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
New Method ◽  
Full Account ◽  
Alternative Interventions ◽  
Alternative Intervention ◽  
Latent Process

Data from historical epidemics provide a vital and sometimes under-used resource from which to devise strategies for future control of disease. Previous methods for retrospective analysis of epidemics, in which alternative interventions are compared, do not make full use of the information; by using only partial information on the historical trajectory, augmentation of control may lead to predictions of a paradoxical increase in disease. Here we introduce a novel statistical approach that takes full account of the available information in constructing the effect of alternative intervention strategies in historic epidemics. The key to the method lies in identifying a suitable mapping between the historic and notional outbreaks, under alternative control strategies. We do this by using the Sellke construction as a latent process linking epidemics. We illustrate the application of the method with two examples. First, using temporal data for the common human cold, we show the improvement under the new method in the precision of predictions for different control strategies. Second, we show the generality of the method for retrospective analysis of epidemics by applying it to a spatially extended arboreal epidemic in which we demonstrate the relative effectiveness of host culling strategies that differ in frequency and spatial extent. Some of the inferential and philosophical issues that arise are discussed along with the scope of potential application of the new method.

Drug-induced anaphylactic shock events

2020 ◽  
pp. 6-9
Author(s):  
Elena Galimova ◽  
Guzel Nurtdinova ◽  
Olga Kucher ◽  
Victoriya Muslimova
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Anaphylactic Shock ◽  
Case Histories ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Etiological Factors ◽  
Clinical Forms ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

This article presents a retrospective analysis of 86 case histories of patients with drug-induced anaphylactic shock. The main etiological factors of anaphylactic shock and clinical forms were identified. Certain groups of drugs that most commonly cause anaphylactic shock are determined: β-lactam antibiotics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, vitamins, enzymes, and antienzymes.

Inflammatory arthritis: An under-recognized immune-relate adverse effect.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e14565-e14565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meghan Mooradian ◽  
Justine Vanessa Cohen ◽  
Anita Giobbie-Hurder ◽  
Riley Fadden ◽  
Krista M. Rubin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibition ◽  
Clinical Factors ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Time Point

e14565 Background: Checkpoint inhibition (CPI) has significant and durable effectiveness against a broadening range of cancers and currently is FDA approved for more than 10 different malignancies. With increasing use of CPI, there is a need to understand the range and extent of immune-related adverse effects (irAE). Though certain irAEs, such as colitis and pneumonitis have been well studied, CPI- induced arthritis (CA) has not been widely recognized nor well characterized with data on the subject largely comprised of case reports and small case series. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 125 patients (pts) with advanced melanoma treated with CPI to define the incidence and clinical features of CA. We identified 20 pts who developed CA during the course of CPI treatment. Cases were included only if active rheumatic signs or symptoms developed after receiving therapy. Demographic data (gender, age), type of CPI, number of CPI cycles, treatment of CA and other irAE manifestations were extracted from the medical chart. Results: 16% of patients treated with CPI developed CA. Among the 20 pts, the average age at CA onset was 70.3 (43, 84) with 75% of pts male. 80% had received anti-PD-1 monotherapy, 15% combination anti-PD-1 + anti-CTLA-4 and 5% monotherapy with CTLA-4 inhibition. The average number of infusions prior to symptom onset was 13.5 (1-48) after a median time point of 6.6mths on therapy. Basic rheumatologic testing (RF, CCP, ANA) was only positive in 10% of cases. 20% of pts were treated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs alone, whereas 40% required corticosteroids (systemic or injection). The remaining 40% necessitated treatment with disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs. Conclusions: CA is a debilitating irAE with a higher incidence (16%) than most other irAEs and a negative impact on the quality of life of pts affected. Based on our retrospective review, this irAE tends to delayed in onset and often requires systemic immune suppressants for effective treatment. We posit that this is an under recognized and undertreated irAE. Further work is needed to better define the clinical factors that may affect or predict its development.

scholarly journals Possible role of anti-inflammatory drugs in complications of pharyngitis. A retrospective analysis of 163 cases

2014 ◽  
Vol 131 (5) ◽  
pp. 299-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Demeslay ◽  
G. De Bonnecaze ◽  
B. Vairel ◽  
B. Chaput ◽  
J.-J. Pessey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory
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