An Automated Jet Nebulizer with Dynamic Flow Regulation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Udaya Dampage ◽  
Malmindi Ariyasinghe ◽  
Samanthi Pulleperuma
Keyword(s):  
Turbulent Flows ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Flow Regulation ◽  
Compressed Air ◽  
Motor Speed ◽  
Dynamic Flow ◽  
Dynamic Regulation ◽  
Drug Concentrations ◽  
Jet Nebulizer ◽  
Level Sensor

Abstract PurposeThe present study is focused on designing an automated jet nebulizer that possesses the capability of dynamic flow regulation. In the case of existing equipment, a high fraction of the aerosol is lost to the atmosphere through the vent, during the exhalation phase of respiration. Specifically, 50% of the volume of aerosol generated, is wasted. Desired effects of nebulization may not achieve by neglecting this poor administration technique. There may be adverse effects like bronchospasm, and exposure to high drug concentrations.MethodsThe proposed nebulizer is composed of two modes as “Compressed Air” mode and “Oxygen Therapy” mode. The automated triggering from one mode to another will be dependent upon the percentage of oxygen saturation of the patient, monitored from the SpO2 sensor. The compressed airflow will be delivered to the patient according to his or her minute ventilation, derived with the aid of a temperature sensor-based algorithm.ResultsThe compressor circuitry controller ensures that the patient receives compressed air as per the flow rate decided by the system. At the end of the drug delivery, if the liquid level sensor detects the absence of medication within the nebulizer chamber, the nebulization process will be terminated.ConclusionsThe dynamic regulation of the motor speed with respect to the minute ventilation was accomplished successfully. A laminar flow was obtained from the outlet of the compressor towards the nebulizer tubing, and a turbulent flow was obtained within the chamber, as expected. No excessive turbulent flows or rotational flow patterns were detected. The result could certainly lead to the improvements of the existing nebulizers.

scholarly journals An Automated Jet Nebulizer with Dynamic Flow Regulation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Udaya Dampage ◽  
Malmindi Ariyasinghe ◽  
Samanthi Pulleperuma
Keyword(s):  
Flow Regulation ◽  
Dynamic Flow ◽  
Jet Nebulizer

scholarly journals Thresher for threshing of the individual sunflower heads

2021 ◽  
Vol 185 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-66
Author(s):  
V.D. Shaforostov ◽  
◽  
S.S. Makarov ◽  
G.V. Kochurov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basic Principle ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Control Unit ◽  
Compressed Air ◽  
Motor Speed ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Seed Content ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Main Factor

As a result of the studying the threshing process of individual sunflower heads on a specially designed stand, we found the main factor affecting the quality of threshing is the threshing disc speed. It is named the acceleration coefficient, which is defined as the ratio of the threshing roller frequency to the starting frequency. It allowed modifying the design of the existing thresher. While modernizing the thresher, the basic principle of sunflower heads threshing and threshing modes remained unchanged. We added a smooth adjustment of threshing modes by means of an electric motor speed control unit, which allows adjusting the thresher for high-quality threshing of heads of the various sunflower varieties. The deck is cleared of seeds stuck in it with compressed air; the threshed head is ejected automatically. According to the results of laboratory tests of the modernized thresher, it was concluded that it provides highquality threshing of individual sunflower heads. Therewith, amount of injured seeds does not exceed 0.35%, seed losses in the thresher do not exceed 1.73% and the seed content in the heap after threshing is 97.02 %.

CONTRIBUTION OF NON-ISOTHERMAL JETS TO THE PROCESSES OF NOISE GENERATION OF ENERGY MACHINES WHEN INSTALLING SILENCERS

Akustika ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 30-33
Author(s):  
Alexandr Shashurin ◽  
Nickolay Ivanov ◽  
Andrey Vasilyev ◽  
Yuri Elkin ◽  
Zhenish Razakov
Keyword(s):  
Turbulent Flows ◽  
Physical Mechanism ◽  
Acoustic Power ◽  
Noise Generation ◽  
Dynamic Flow ◽  
Acoustic Parameters ◽  
Gas Dynamic ◽  
Motion Energy ◽  
Power Radiation ◽  
Turbulent Pulsations

The method of James Lighthill is known and widely used, which allows determining the acoustic power of isothermal jets. A mathematical model for calculating the acoustic parameters (sound power, radiation pattern) of non-isothermal sound jets is proposed, taking into account the noise silencer installed in the gas exhaust tract. At the output, the equations of continuity, the amount of motion, energy, as well as the Lighthill wave equation are used. A statistical model is used as a turbulence model for calculations. A physical mechanism of noise generation by turbulent flows is proposed, which consists in considering "own" and "shear" noise. The " own " noise is caused by turbulent pulsations of the gas-dynamic flow, the "shift" noise is caused by the presence of a flow velocity gradient. Analytical dependences of the components of "own" and "shift" noise are obtained.

scholarly journals NEBULIZED GLYCOPYRRONIUM AND FORMOTEROL, BUDESONIDE AEROSOL AERODYNAMIC ASSESSMENT WITH VIBRATING MESH AND COMPRESSOR AIR NEBULIZER: ANDERSON CASCADE IMPACTOR STUDY

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 79-82
Author(s):  
Mala Menon ◽  
Isha Naik ◽  
Gopal Singh Rajawat ◽  
Mangal Nagarsenker ◽  
Korukonda Krishnaprasad
Keyword(s):  
Fine Particle ◽  
Airway Disease ◽  
Cascade Impactor ◽  
Clinical Role ◽  
Incremental Value ◽  
Drug Concentrations ◽  
Particle Dose ◽  
Jet Nebulizer ◽  
Jet Nebulizers

Vibrating mesh nebulizers (VMN) demonstrate improved efficiency for delivery of inhaled aerosol solutions or suspensions as compared to compressor devices. The added advantages of compactness, portability and functioning as noise-free device makes them of incremental value in Home or Ambulatory settings while managing Severe Obstructive airway disease or delivery of maintenance medications in these cases. This further circumvents the need for multiple devices thereby further improving patient compliance and convenience while delivering acute or maintenance formulations including Glycopyrronium (GLY) and Formoterol (FRM)/Budesonide(BUD) nebulizing solution formulations. To further assess the clinical role and feasibility of FRM-BUD formulation delivery kinetics  with or without GLY nebulizing solution through VMN and jet  nebulizers for In- & outpatient settings, 2 comparative in-vitro lung deposition studies were carried out utilizing Anderson Cascade impactor at 30 L/min; deposited drug concentrations in different stages were suitably collected and estimated by HPLC. Post-hoc analyses with p<0.05 was considered statistically significant for intergroup differences on FRM/BUD and GLY delivered through VMN or Compressor devices.  The calculated mean fine particle dose for FRM & BUD delivered by VMN or jet nebulizer showed no statistical difference. However the mean fine particle fraction for BUD delivered by VMN was significantly better compared to jet nebulizer than that for FRM. The Residual volume at 10 mins was significantly higher with jet nebulizer. The optimal APSD for GLY nebulizing solution admixture with FRM/BUD suspension delivered through VMN and Jet nebulizer offers a clinically relevant strategy for High risk COPD cases in Acute or Home settings.

A dynamic flow-regulation algorithm for networks overload control

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-108
Author(s):  
Lina Wang ◽  
Ruiqing Peng ◽  
Chi Guo ◽  
Yiping Guan
Keyword(s):  
Flow Regulation ◽  
Dynamic Flow ◽  
Overload Control

Isothermal Efficiency of Liquid Piston Compressors Employed in Compressed Air Energy Storage Systems

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amirali Dolatabadi ◽  
Drazen Fabris ◽  
Dean Samara-Rubio
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Turbulent Flows ◽  
Compressed Air ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Compressed Air Energy Storage ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Entry Length ◽  
System Pressure

This paper models the compressor work for a prototype small-scale compressed air energy storage system to predict the heat transfer to the walls and the system pressure, temperature, and work required. The modeled system uses a hydraulically driven compressor to enable variable frequencies of compression and to improve heat transfer. Since the compression is hydraulically driven, speed of compression can be controlled through adjusting hydraulic pump’s speed in order to enhance the efficiency and also being able to couple the system with different sources of power. The energy conservation model considers gas under non-ideal conditions and properties of the gas are predicted using Redlich-Kwong equation of state. For heat transfer calculations, correlations for thermal entry length for turbulent flows are employed. Material properties of air including specific heat capacity, thermal conductivity and viscosity are corrected at different operating temperatures and pressures. The differential equation form of the first law of thermodynamics is then integrated numerically in the time domain in order to find the instantaneous properties of the bulk gas. Isothermal efficiency is then predicted based on the temperature rise in the working fluid during compression. It is determined that at low frequencies of compression, at a compression ratio of 5:1, isothermal efficiencies as high as 93% can be achieved.

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