scholarly journals Neuropathic pain: a principal component of pain that should not be neglected in ankylosing spondylitis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling zhou ◽  
ting li ◽  
xin wu ◽  
Hongjuan Lu ◽  
Li Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Ankylosing Spondylitis ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Psychological Status ◽  
Equation Modelling ◽  
Peripheral Pain ◽  
Background Pain ◽  
Nocturnal Pain ◽  
Pain Improvement

Abstract Background Pain in AS is currently considered an inflammatory pain (IP). However, it was found that some patients still had the sensation of pain even without inflammation. Our study was to investigate whether ankylosing spondylitis (AS) pain has a neuropathic pain (NeP) component. Methods The study consisted of three parts. The first included 182 AS patients to assess neuropathic pain in AS patients. The second included63 patients to evaluate pain improvement after etanercept therapy. The third included 20 AS patients and 10 healthy controls (HCs) to detect serum neurotransmitters. Results We found out that 55 paitents (30.21%) had possible NeP, and 14 (7.70%) had definite NeP. There were significant differences between the groups with respect to nocturnal pain (NP), peripheral pain (PP), total back pain (TBP), BASDAI, ASDAS-CRP, HAD-A, HAD-D and BASDAI-fatigue but not CRP concentrations. Principal component analysis (PCA) of AS pain revealed that the weight of NeP was greater than PP in the first principal component (0.703 vs 0.639). Structural equation modelling (SEM) revealed that NeP altered disease activity (β = 0.62, P < 0.001), which influenced psychological status (β = 0.42, P < 0.001). Of 63 patients who used etanercept for 3 months, significant improvement was found in NP, TBP and PP (all P < 0.0001) but not in PDQ (10.60 ± 6.85vs 9.98 ± 6.40, P = 0.067). Serum norepinephrine concentrations in patients with positive PDQ were greater than those in patients with negative PDQ and HC. Conclusions We conclude that NeP contributes to pain in AS patients.

scholarly journals A Methodological Approximation of the Measurement of Instrumental Social Exclusion from the Capability Approach: The Case of Vulnerable Areas in the City of Murcia, Spain

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Jose Antonio Sánchez-Martí ◽  
María Isabel Angoa Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Capability Approach ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Methodological Framework ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Equation Modelling ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The City ◽  
The Capability Approach

The indirect effects of social exclusion in different fields of the lives of individuals have been scarcely studied. The literature that addresses social exclusion from the capability approach is sparse, and a methodology for measuring the instrumental effects of social exclusion on capability deprivation has not yet been implemented. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to propose a methodological framework to quantify these effects, based on two techniques: Structural equation modelling and principal component analysis. Likewise, this study presents a practical application in the vulnerable areas of the city of Murcia, Spain. In order to obtain the data, fieldwork was carried out using 464 questionnaires. The theorised model was statistically contrasted, confirming that it is not false. The study revealed that instrumental social exclusion had a moderate impact on the deprivations experienced by the study population.

scholarly journals Leading internal and external sources of credit risk in the top South African banks

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 51-65
Author(s):  
Tankiso Moloi
Keyword(s):  
Credit Risk ◽  
South African ◽  
Structural Equation Modelling ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Risk Indicators ◽  
Risk Indicator ◽  
The South ◽  
Equation Modelling ◽  
Indicator Model

This paper aimed at identifying the leading credit risk indicators in the South African banking context as well as the development of an integrated leading credit risk indicator model. A content analysis was used as a data extraction methodology and structural equation modelling was used as a data analysis methodology. The results obtained indicated that utilising the structural equation modelling, gross savings, and prime overdraft rates, number of judgements, business insolvencies and unemployment rates were formulated as leading economic and market (external) indicators of credit risk in the South African banking context. Similarly, utilising the principal component analysis, bank asset quality, bank asset concentration as well as bank trading and hedging activities were formulated as leading bank specific (internal) indicators of credit risk in the South African banking context. The Integrated Leading Credit Risk Indicator Model (ICRIM) was formulated utilising the accepted leading credit risk indicators. The ICRIM parameters were benchmarked against the generally accepted fit indices such as the RMSEA, comparative fit (baseline comparison) as well as the Hoelter and its results output were found to be consistent with these generally accepted fit indice

scholarly journals Effects of Demonetization, GST & Covid-19 Pandemic in the Adoption of Digitalization by Rural MSMEs in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (03) ◽  
pp. 32-58
Author(s):  
Shafique Ahmed ◽  
◽  
Samiran Sur ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Rural India ◽  
Multiple Choice Questions ◽  
Local Initiative ◽  
Equation Modelling ◽  
Turbulent Times ◽  
The Government ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Purpose: The turbulent times created by the recent uncertain events give only two solutions – either surrender or fight-out. It has been the story so far for the MSMEs in India. Three events that changed the business scenario include the implementation of demonetization & GST and the pandemic-related restrictions. Survival became the only viable factor for businesses. This study dwells deeper into these three events and their influence on the adoption of digitalization by MSMEs in rural India. Methodology: Responses of the rural MSME owners were collected through a structured questionnaire containing multiple-choice questions on a 5-point Likert scale. To have better clarity, responses of 274 rural MSME owners were finally considered for the data analysis. For factor analysis of the data, the process of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was adopted with the help of IBM SPSS 25.0. To find out the validity of the model, Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was performed by using IBM AMOS 21.0. Findings: It is found that the pandemic effect has the strongest significance followed by the demonetization effect on MSME owners towards the adoption of digitalization for their business. GST was implemented within a year of demonetization, so its effect is found to be non-significant. Practical Implications: The results of the study will help the government as well as IT solution providers to chalk out their strategies, products, or reforms taking into consideration the particular problems faced by MSMEs related to demonetization and pandemic closure. The outcome will also help in better implementation of the ‘Vocal for Local’ initiative. Originality: The results of the proposed study indicate that during all the three major events, the importance of digitalization has been witnessed by the MSMEs. These uncertain times have prioritized the use of digitalization not only for their survival but also to match the consumers’ demands during those periods. This study shows the importance of digitalization and will help the cup to reach the lip and both the economy and the MSME owners will be benefitted from it.

Modeling Supply Chain Performance: A Structural Equation Approach

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 18-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajwinder Singh ◽  
H. S. Sandhu ◽  
B. A. Metri ◽  
Rajinder Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Improve Performance ◽  
Equation Modelling ◽  
Learning Metrics

Supply chain management (SCM) has become an effective tool now a day to survive in this competitive world. Organizations do their best to improve performance by adopting better supply chain (SC) performance indicators. In this paper 19 key performance indicators (KPI) were identified based on strong literature support in consultation of practitioners and consultants in the field of non-livestock retailing (NLR). NLR is the retailing of agriculture and horticulture products. The technique of factor analysis using principal component analysis with Varimax rotation has classified KPI into four factors as; inventory metrics, customer metrics, flexibility metrics and growth and learning metrics. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) approach was used to develop and validate a model for measuring SC performance of organized NLR industry based on KPI. The data for analysis was collected from top 10 organized NLR players operating in Punjab, Chandigarh, New Delhi and Gurgaon in India. The results were subjected to rigorous statistical tests for reliability and validity. Finally, these classified KPI were presented in the form of a model to measure SC performance of organized NLR industry using SEM.

scholarly journals Impact of Globalisation on Formal, Motivational and Strategic HRM Practices: An Empirical Evidence from India

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 3270-3276
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Hrm Practices ◽  
Hr Practices ◽  
Equation Modelling ◽  
Indian Firm ◽  
Three Bundles ◽  
Hr Managers ◽  
The Relationship

New economic development, which is a result of globalisation and internationalisation, has exerted tremendous pressure on the Indian human resource functions how to evolve itself and add the value to the outcome of the firm. The present paper precisely discusses the globalisation and its impact on the HRM practices of Indian firm in the light of new economic reforms. This study aims to examine the far-reaching changes in the pattern of HR practices owing to ever-increasing globalisation in India. The data were collected through the selfdeveloped questionnaire from 282 senior HR managers of Indian firms. The principal component analysis with varimax rotation generated three components from fifteen HR practices, namely Formal, Motivational and Strategic HR practices. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) technique has been applied to understand the relationship between globalisation and three bundles of HR practices by using the SPSS Amos 22 software. The study findings suggest that the role of globalisation cannot be neglected. Indeed, The HR policies and practices of Indian firms are strongly influenced by the pace of globalisation of the Indian economy.

Influence of experience, interest, knowledge and learning source on children’s attitudes towards extensive grassland conservation

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-137
Author(s):  
Natalija Špur ◽  
Sonja Škornik ◽  
Andrej Šorgo
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Elementary School ◽  
Environmental Education ◽  
Structural Equation Modelling ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Grassland Conservation ◽  
Equation Modelling ◽  
Positive Attitudes

SummaryDecisions made by grassland owners are crucial for the conservation of extensive grasslands (EGs); however, the predispositions determining how adults decide to act in certain situations are developed during childhood. Children are future decision-makers and potential grassland owners; therefore, the factors that form and affect their attitudes towards EG conservation need to be examined. Positive attitudes could be developed during environmental education, and this study aimed to understand the influence of elementary school children’s interest in and knowledge of grasslands, sources of learning about grasslands and experience working with grasslands on their attitudes towards preserving EGs. Principal component analysis and structural equation modelling results showed that interest in grasslands directly influenced attitudes towards preserving EGs, while experience and learning also indirectly influenced these attitudes. Children’s interest should be stimulated through gathering experience with grasslands and education in order to resolve any potential misconceptions about EG management.

Novelty and Threat in the Weapon Focus Effect: A Study with Structural Equation Modelling

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Blake Erickson ◽  
James Michael Lampinen ◽  
Juliana Leding ◽  
Christopher S. Peters
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modelling ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Modelling ◽  
Weapon Focus ◽  
Focus Effect ◽  
Weapon Focus Effect

PENGARUH TANGGUNG JAWAB PIMPINAN DAN IKLIM DEMOKRASI TERHADAP PEMBENTUKAN ORGANISASI CERDAS DAN DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP SIKAP PROFESIONAL DOSEN

ALQALAM ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 178
Author(s):  
Tata Rosita
Keyword(s):  
Path Analysis ◽  
Structural Equation Modelling ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Modelling

Tujuan pokok penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh bukti empirik mengenai pembentukan organisasi cerdas pada lembaga pendidikan tinggi. Paradigma baru organisasi adalah keharusan untuk menyesuaikan dengan lingkungan sehingga memerlukan perubahan melalui kepemimpinan dan demokratisasi. Lebih jauh, kita ingin melihat bagaimana pengaruh organisasi cerdas terhadap sikap profesional dosen.Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan metode survei penjelasan pada Perguruan Tinggi Swasta di D KI Jakarta. Data yang dikumpulkan terdiri dari data sekunder yaitu melalui penyebaran kuesioner. Teknik Analisis data menggunakan  Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) dengan pendekatan Path Analysis (Analisis Jalur).Berdasarkan analisis dan pembahasan hasil penelitian ini, maka dapat disimpulkan beberapa hal sebagai berikut: (1) Tanggung jawab pimpinan memiliki pengaruh yang sangat signifikan terhadap organisasi cerdas, (2) Iklim demokrasi memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap organisasi cerdas, (3) Tanggung jawab pimpinan tidak memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap Iklim demokrasi, dan (4) Organisasi cerdas memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap sikap profesional.

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