scholarly journals Association between parental separation and addictions in adolescents: results of a national Lebanese study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nour Jabbour ◽  
Vanessa Abi Rached ◽  
Chadia Haddad ◽  
Pascale Salameh ◽  
Hala Sacre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Random Sample ◽  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Higher Alcohol ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cigarette Dependence

Abstract Objectives: to investigate the association between the divorce of parents and smoking, alcohol, and internet addiction among a representative sample of Lebanese adolescents.Methods: This study was a cross-sectional, conducted between January and May 2019 using a proportionate random sample of schools from all Lebanese Mohafazat. Out of 2000 questionnaires distributed; 1810 (90.5%) were completed and collected back.Results: The mean age was 15.42 ± 1.14 years, with 53.3% females and 74.1% smokers. In addition, 11.9% [95% CI 0.104-0.134] of the adolescents had separated/divorced parents. Divorce in parents was significantly associated with higher alcohol use disorder (Beta=8.035), higher cigarette dependence (Beta=2.767) and a higher waterpipe dependence (Beta=5.263) in adolescents. However, divorce in parents was not associated with internet addiction in adolescents.Conclusion: Parental divorce was correlated to higher alcohol and smoking, but not internet addiction among adolescents. Children whose parents are divorced should be subject to continuous follow-up by their parents and by a psychiatrist/psychologist in order not to develop any addiction that could potentially harm them.

scholarly journals Change in treatment coverage and barriers to mental health care among adults with depression and alcohol use disorder: a repeat cross sectional community survey in Nepal

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nagendra Prasad Luitel ◽  
Emily C Garman ◽  
Mark JD Jord ◽  
Crick Lund
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Mental Health Care ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Care Plan ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Treatment Coverage ◽  
Health Care Plan

Abstract Background: Despite the availability of evidence-based treatment, there is a substantial gap between the number of individuals in need of mental health care and those who receive treatment. The aim of this study was to assess changes in treatment coverage and barriers to mental health care among adults with depression and alcohol use disorder (AUD) before and after implementation of a district mental health care plan (MHCP) in Nepal. Methods: The repeat population-based cross-sectional community survey was conducted with randomly selected adults in the baseline (N=1983) and the follow-up (N=1499) surveys, 3 years and 6 months apart. The Patient Health Questionnaire and Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test were used to screen people with probable depression and AUD. Barriers to seeking mental health care were assessed by using a standardized tool, the Barriers to Care Evaluation Scale (BACE). Results: The proportion of the participants receiving treatment for depression increased by 3.7 points (from 8.1% in the baseline to 11.8% in the follow-up) and for AUD by 5.2 points (from 5.1% in the baseline to 10.3% in the follow-up study), however, these changes were not statistically significant. There was no significant reduction in the overall BACE score in both unadjusted and adjusted models for both depression and AUD. The possible reasons for non-significant changes in treatment coverage and barriers to care could be that (i) the method of repeat population level surveys with a random sample was too distal to the intervention to be able to register a change and (ii) the study was underpowered to detect such changes. Conclusion: The study found non-significant trends for improvements in treatment coverage and barriers to mental health care following implementation of the district mental health care plan. The key areas for improvement in the current strategy to improve treatment coverage and barriers to mental health care included change in the content of the existing community sensitization program, particularly for changing attitude and intention of people with mental illness for seeking care.

scholarly journals Validation of the AUDIT scale and factors associated with alcohol use disorder in adolescents: results of a national Lebanese study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennyfer Hallit ◽  
Pascale Salameh ◽  
Chadia Haddad ◽  
Hala Sacre ◽  
Michel Soufia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Audit Score

Abstract Background This study objective was to evaluate the prevalence as well as factors (smoking, internet addiction, social phobia, depression, child abuse and bullying) associated with alcohol use disorder among a representative sample of Lebanese young people, in addition to validating and confirming psychometric properties of the AUDIT scale. Methods A cross-sectional study, conducted between January and May 2019, enrolled 1810 adolescents aged between 14 and 17. Alcohol dependence was defined as a high AUDIT score. A principal component analysis technique to confirm the validity of the construct of the AUDIT scale score was done and a confirmatory analysis to assess the structure of the instrument was conducted. Results The mean AUDIT score was 6.46 ± 8.44 and high risk of hazardous alcohol drinking was found in 28% of adolescents. One factor solution of the AUDIT scale had been found after running the factor analysis and the confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated that the χ2/df=2.4, the Steiger-Lind RMSEA was 0.10 [0.084-0.155] and the Joreskog GFI equaled 0.91 and AGFI equaled 0.92. Higher cigarette (Beta=0.372) and waterpipe (Beta=0.319) dependence, higher child sexual (Beta=0.581) and neglect (Beta=0.106) abuse, higher internet addiction (Beta=0.088), separated parents compared to living together (Beta=3.202) and higher bullying victimization (Beta=0.143) were significantly associated with higher AUDIT scores. Conclusion Alcohol dependence seems to be influenced by several risk factors among the Lebanese adolescents such as cigarette and waterpipe dependence, higher internet addiction, bullying, and child sexual and neglect abuse. Parents and healthcare professionals could use this data to influence intervention efforts.

scholarly journals Change in treatment coverage and barriers to mental health care among adults with depression and alcohol use disorder: a repeat cross sectional community survey in Nepal

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nagendra Prasad Luitel ◽  
Emily C Garman ◽  
Mark JD Jord ◽  
Crick Lund
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Mental Health Care ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Care Plan ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Financial Barriers ◽  
Treatment Coverage

Abstract Background Despite the availability of evidence-based treatment, there is a substantial gap between the number of individuals in need of mental health care and those who receive treatment. The aim of this study was to assess changes in treatment coverage and barriers to mental health care among adults with depression and alcohol use disorder (AUD) before and after implementation of a district mental health care plan (MHCP) in Nepal. Methods The repeat population-based cross-sectional community survey was conducted with randomly selected adults in the baseline (N=1983) and the follow-up (N=1499) surveys, 3 years and 6 months apart. The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) were used to screen people with probable depression and AUD. Barriers to seeking mental health care were assessed by using a standardized tool, the Barriers to Care Evaluation Scale (BACE). Results The proportion of the participants receiving treatment for depression increased by 3.7 points (from 8.1% in the baseline to 11.8% in the follow-up) and for AUD by 5.2 points (from 5.1% in the baseline to 10.3% in the follow-up study), however, these changes were not statistically significant. Significant reductions were found in the overall BACE score (p=0.004) and the specific BACE domains scores pertaining to financial barriers (p<0.001); stigma (p=0.004) and lack of support (p<0.001) among participants with depression. There was also a significant reduction between the baseline and follow-up in the overall BACE score (p=0.011) and the specific BACE domains scores pertaining to financial barriers (p<0.001) and lack of support (p<0.001) in the AUD group. Conclusion The study found a non-significant trend for improvements in treatment coverage but significant reductions in barriers to mental health care following implementation of the district mental health care plan. The possible areas for improvement in the current strategy to improve treatment coverage could include establishing a confidential place for consultation in each health facility, and targeted community awareness programs to sensitize community members about mental health problems and the availability of evidence-based treatment in primary and community health care systems.

scholarly journals Change in treatment coverage and barriers to mental health care among adults with depression and alcohol use disorder: a repeat cross sectional community survey in Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nagendra P. Luitel ◽  
Emily C. Garman ◽  
Mark J. D. Jordans ◽  
Crick Lund
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Mental Health Care ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Care Plan ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Treatment Coverage ◽  
Health Care Plan

Abstract Background Despite the availability of evidence-based treatment, there is a substantial gap between the number of individuals in need of mental health care and those who receive treatment. The aim of this study was to assess changes in treatment coverage and barriers to mental health care among adults with depression and alcohol use disorder (AUD) before and after implementation of a district mental health care plan (MHCP) in Nepal. Methods The repeat population-based cross-sectional community survey was conducted with randomly selected adults in the baseline (N = 1983) and the follow-up (N = 1499) surveys, 3 years and 6 months apart. The Patient Health Questionnaire and Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test were used to screen people with probable depression and AUD. Barriers to seeking mental health care were assessed by using a standardized tool, the Barriers to Care Evaluation Scale (BACE). Results The proportion of the participants receiving treatment for depression increased by 3.7 points (from 8.1% in the baseline to 11.8% in the follow-up) and for AUD by 5.2 points (from 5.1% in the baseline to 10.3% in the follow-up study), however, these changes were not statistically significant. There was no significant reduction in the overall BACE score in both unadjusted and adjusted models for both depression and AUD. The possible reasons for non-significant changes in treatment coverage and barriers to care could be that (i) the method of repeat population level surveys with a random sample was too distal to the intervention to be able to register a change and (ii) the study was underpowered to detect such changes. Conclusion The study found non-significant trends for improvements in treatment coverage and barriers to mental health care following implementation of the district mental health care plan. The key areas for improvement in the current strategy to improve treatment coverage and barriers to mental health care included change in the content of the existing community sensitization program, particularly for changing attitude and intention of people with mental illness for seeking care.

Changes in DNA methylation persist over time in males with severe alcohol use disorder—A longitudinal follow‐up study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soundarya Soundararajan ◽  
Arpana Agrawal ◽  
Meera Purushottam ◽  
Shravanthi Daphne Anand ◽  
Bhagyalakshmi Shankarappa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Over Time

scholarly journals Intraoperative cone beam computed tomography for detecting residual stones in percutaneous nephrolithotomy: a feasibility study

Urolithiasis ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Kingma ◽  
M. J. H. Voskamp ◽  
B. H. J. Doornweerd ◽  
I. J. de Jong ◽  
S. Roemeling
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Residual Stones ◽  
Residual Fragments

AbstractCone beam computed tomography (CBCT) provides multiplanar cross-sectional imaging and three-dimensional reconstructions and can be used intraoperatively in a hybrid operating room. In this study, we investigated the feasibility of using a CBCT-scanner for detecting residual stones during percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). Intraoperative CBCT-scans were made during PCNL procedures from November 2018 until March 2019 in a university hospital. At the point where the urologist would have otherwise ended the procedure, a CBCT-scan was made to image any residual fragments that could not be detected by either nephroscopy or conventional C-arm fluoroscopy. Residual fragments that were visualized on the CBCT-scan were attempted to be extracted additionally. To evaluate the effect of this additional extraction, each CBCT-scan was compared with a regular follow-up CT-scan that was made 4 weeks postoperatively. A total of 19 procedures were analyzed in this study. The mean duration of performing the CBCT-scan, including preparation and interpretation, was 8 min. Additional stone extraction, if applicable, had a mean duration of 11 min. The mean effective dose per CBCT-scan was 7.25 mSv. Additional extraction of residual fragments as imaged on the CBCT-scan occurred in nine procedures (47%). Of the follow-up CT-scans, 63% showed a stone-free status as compared to 47% of the intraoperative CBCT-scans. We conclude that the use of CBCT for the detection of residual stones in PCNL is meaningful, safe, and feasible.

scholarly journals Assessment of alcohol use disorder and its associated factors among alcohol users of medical and surgical outpatients attending a specialized hospital in Gondar, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Demeke Demilew ◽  
Berhanu Boru ◽  
Getachew Tesfaw ◽  
Habtamu Kerebih ◽  
Endalamaw Salelew
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorders ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
Male Sex

Abstract Background Alcohol use disorder increase the risk of physical harm, mental or social consequences for patients and others in the community. Studies on alcohol use disorder and associated factors among medical and surgical outpatients in Ethiopia are limited. Therefore, this study is meant to provide essential data on alcohol use disorder and associated factors among alcohol user medical and surgical outpatients to intervene in the future. Methods An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted by using the systematic random sampling technique. Alcohol use disorders were assessed using the World Health Organization’s 10-item Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) questionnaire. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed, a P-value less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant in the multivariate analysis and the strength of association was measured at a 95% confidence interval. Results The prevalence of alcohol use disorder was 34.5% with a 95% CI (29.20, 39.80) among study participants. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, male sex (AOR = 3.33, 95%CI: 1.40, 7.93), history of mental illness (AOR = 2.68, 95%CI: 1.12, 6.38), drinking for relaxation (AOR = 1.88, 95%CI: 1.02, 3.48) and history of lifetime tobacco use (AOR = 5.64, 95%CI: 1.95, 16.29) were factors significantly associated with alcohol use disorder. Conclusion The prevalence of alcohol use disorders among medical and surgical outpatients was found to be high. Male sex, history of mental illness, alcohol use for relaxation and lifetime cigarette smoking need more attention during the assessment of patients in the medical and surgical outpatient departments.

Longitudinal Assessment of Industrial Workers

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (30) ◽  
pp. 5-557-5-560
Author(s):  
Alfred Franzblau ◽  
Robert A. Werner ◽  
Thomas J. Armstrong ◽  
Sheryl S. Ulin
Keyword(s):  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽  
Prospective Studies ◽  
Industrial Workers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Comparison Of Results ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
Upper Extremity Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽  
The Mean

Numerous investigators have performed cross-sectional studies of upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders (UEMSDs) among industrial workers, and modeled the prevalence of these conditions in relation to potential ergonomic exposures and other covariates. However, prospective studies have been rare for a variety of reasons. Results of a cross-sectional study of UEMSDs based on data collected approximately 5 years ago were published in 1999 (Latko et al., 1999). A subset of the workers from this study were available for re-examination approximately 5 years after the first investigation. The survey tools and clinical examination protocols used in the follow-up examinations were largely identical to the baseline procedures, thus permitting direct comparison of results between rounds. Workers from 2 of the 3 employers in the original study were available for the follow-up investigation. Just over 50% of available and eligible workers participated in the follow-up examinations (152 out of 267, or 57%). The mean age at follow-up was almost 48 years (standard deviation = 9.5 years). The mean body mass index (BMI) was 28.9 at follow-up, and just over half of the study participants were male (53%). Most subjects were still employed by the same employer, and most were still in the same jobs. The prevalence and severity of upper extremity symptoms declined significantly in most body regions between baseline and follow-up. In contrast, the prevalence of most upper extremity diagnoses (tendinitis and carpal tunnel syndrome based on symptoms, standardized physical examinations, and/or nerve conduction tests) increased slightly, though not significantly. Relative median-minus-ulnar peak latency differences increased slightly, and significantly, between rounds. There are almost no studies for comparison of results. More prospective studies are needed to better understand the natural history of upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders among workers.

scholarly journals Lag screw cutout in intertrochanteric fractures fixed with DHS.

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (09) ◽  
pp. 1862-1866
Author(s):  
Muhammad Nasir Ali ◽  
Muhammad Khalid Chishti ◽  
Kashif Siddiq ◽  
Muhammad Hamayun Hameed ◽  
Muhammad Tayyab Waheed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Intertrochanteric Fractures ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Position ◽  
Lag Screw ◽  
Screw Position ◽  
Hip Screw ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Study Setting

Objectives: To determine the failure of DHS (dynamic hip screw) in terms of lag screw cutout. Study Design: Hospital Based Cross Sectional study. Setting: BVH and Civil Hospital Bahawalpur. Period: From 2013 to 2018. Material & Methods: 273 patients of both genders with age more than 50 years having stable intertrochanteric fractures were included in this study. With the help of C arm, the best possible anatomical reduction and rigid internal fixation was done with 135 degree DHS. Lag screw position and TAD determined on first postoperative day on radiographs (Anteroposterior & Lateral). Failure of fixation was determined on the radiographs during follow up. Lag screw cut-out was the projection of the screw from the femoral head by more than 1mm. Results: The mean age of the patients was 68.6 years (50-88). There were 132 (51.1 %) males and 126 (48.8%) females. Overall lag screw cutout rate was 11.2%. 21(30.8%) had screw cutout while 47 (69.1%) healed successfully among 68 patients with TAD ≥ 25mm. On the other hand 8(4.2%) had screw cutout while 182 (95.7%) healed successfully among 190 patients with TAD < 25mm. Middle middle and inferior middle position had highest success rate (˃ 92%) while inferior posterior position had highest cutout rate (36.2%). Among different age categories high failure rate (17.8%) seen in patients more than 70 years. Conclusion: The incidence of lag screw cutout is 11.2 % and risk of cutout can be minimized by placing lag screw in middle middle or inferior middle position and keeping the TAD < 25mm. More attention during follow up should be paid to patients with age ˃ 70 years.

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