Adherence patterns among patients receiving healthcare services in the Muhimbili Sickle Cell Cohort, Tanzania
Abstract Background: Monitoring of patient’s clinical attendance is one of the crucial means that is used to improve adherence to care and treatment among the Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) patients. Adherence to care has been shown to improve health outcomes in SCD patients. However, these benefits cannot be achieved when patients are lost to follow-up to care. Method : We analyzed data on loss to follow up to determine the patterns among sickle cell patients registered at Muhimbili Sickle Cell Cohort (MSC), in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Data was aggregated and analysed using R software and Microsoft Excel Spreadsheet. Survival analysis techniques, both non-parametric methods (Kaplan-Meier estimator and Log-rank test) and semi-parametric method (Cox’s proportional hazard model), were used. A p-value of 0.05 was considered significant to make a strong inference of the analysis. Results: 5476 SCD patients were registered at MSC from 2004 to 2016, 3350 (58.13%) were actively participating in clinics while, 2126 (41.87%) were inactive, out of which 35.19% were lost to follow-up. From the survival analysis results, patients who were between 5 to 17 years were more likely to be lost to follow-up than the rest with a hazard ratio of 2.65 times more than those who were above 18 years. Patients with mean cell volume above 77.73 fL and white blood cell above 15.73(10ˆ3/uL) were more likely to be loss to follow-up than those below average. Conclusion: Loss to follow-up is evident in a cohort of patients in long term comprehensive care follow-up. It is, therefore, necessary to design interventions that minimize its impacts. Suggested solutions might include training of the health care workers, more emphasis on newborn screening and advocacy to patients regarding the effect of loss to follow-up.