Molecular Speciation of Phosphorus in Soil Under Various Long-Term Fertilization Regimes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Li ◽  
Qiuxiang Wen ◽  
Shiyu Zhang ◽  
Na Li ◽  
Jinfeng Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Soil P ◽  
N Fertilizers

Abstract Aims The objectives of this study were to examine the long-term substitution of mineral phosphorus (P) fertilizers with manure (M) plus nitrogen (N) fertilizers and how they affect the forms of P that occur in soil, soil P distribution, and plant growth.Methods We used a solution of 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (31P-NMR) spectroscopy to study the correlations between long-term fertilization regimes and the forms of P that occur at different soil depths. Then we investigated yield, plant growth, and soil properties.Results A 40-year field experiment showed that the use of M + N fertilizers can significantly improve plant growth and yield. The proportion of organic P in the 20-40 cm soil layer was significantly increased by long-term M fertilization. The concentrations of various forms of P (orthophosphate, pyrophosphate, diesters, monoesters, and total inositol hexakisphosphate, IHP) in topsoil increased significantly with the combination of M with N + P mineral fertilization. The addition of M greatly increased the stereoisomers of IHP (myo-IHP, scyllo-IHP, neo-IHP, and D-chiro-IHP) and the proportion and concentration of corrected diesters. There were no significant differences in the pyrophosphate contents of the 40-60 cm soil layer according to fertilization type and year of fertilization. There were also no significant differences in IHP stereoisomers and diesters according to fertilization year. The P forms that contributed to corn yield were orthophosphate, diester, and IHP. Further, pyrophosphate made no significant contribution to corn growth. Conclusions Over the long-term, pig manure can significantly increase the amount of orthophosphate that is directly absorbed by crops and the amount of IHP stereoisomers that can be used by plants. Orthophosphate and IHP are the two key factors that have a positive effect on plant growth.

scholarly journals Long-Term Mineral Fertilization Improved the Grain Yield and Phosphorus Use Efficiency by Changing Soil P Fractions in Ferralic Cambisol

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waqas Ahmed ◽  
Kailou Liu ◽  
Muhammad Qaswar ◽  
Jing Huang ◽  
Qinghai Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Paddy Soils ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Soil P Fractions ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Labile P

Elevated mineral fertilization may change the composition and increase the availability of soil phosphorus (P) in subtropical paddy soils and thus affect long-term plant growth. However, an understanding of the response of soil P fractions to long-term nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK) additions remains elusive. This study aimed to explore the responses of soil P-fractions and their mobility to different long-term chemical fertilization rates under a double rice cropping system. The rates of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) in the low NPK treatment (LNPK) were 90, 45, and 75 kg ha−1 year−1, respectively, and in the high NPK treatment (HNPK), they were 180, 90, and 150 kg ha−1 year−1, respectively. The results showed that the concentrations of soil organic matter (SOM), total P, Olsen P, total N, and mineral N were remarkably increased under HNPK by 17.46%, 162.66%, 721.16%, 104.42%, and 414.46%, respectively, compared with those under control (CT). Compared to the CT P fractions, HNPK increased the labile P fractions (i.e., NaHCO3-Pi and NaHCO3-Po) by 322.25% and 83.53% and the moderately labile P fractions (i.e., NaOH-Pi, NaOH-Po and HCl. dil. Pi) by 163.54%, 183.78%, and 3167.25% respectively, while the non-labile P was decreased by the HNPK addition. P uptake and grain yield were increased by LNPK and HNPK by 10.02% and 35.20%, respectively, compared with CT. P use efficiency indices were also higher under HNPK than under LNPK. There was a strong positive relationship between grain yield and P use efficiency (R2 = 0.97). A redundancy analysis (RDA) showed a strong correlation between soil chemical properties and the labile and moderately labile P pools. Structural equation modeling (SEM) revealed that SOM, mineral N, and available P strongly control the labile P pool. In conclusion, NPK additions under the paddy soils significantly influences the soil P fractions. The soil P dynamics and the mechanisms governing the interactions between plants and soil nutrients are clearly explained in this study.

scholarly journals Effects of two decades of organic and mineral fertilization of arable crops on earthworms and standardized litter decomposition

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-28
Author(s):  
Heide Spiegel ◽  
Teresa Mosleitner ◽  
Taru Sandén ◽  
Johann G. Zaller
Keyword(s):  
Litter Decomposition ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Soil Biota ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Organic Mineral ◽  
Compost Application ◽  
Earthworm Activity

Summary Organic fertilization has been shown to benefit soil biota. A field experiment was established in 1991 at the AGES experimental research station Ritzlhof to investigate the effects of long-term fertilization on soil biota and crop yields. Experimental plots were cultivated using a crop rotation with maize, wheat, barley, and pea. Eight treatments consisted of compost application (urban organic waste, green waste, cattle manure, and sewage sludge compost). Composts were applied exclusively (organic) or amended with mineral nitrogen (N) fertilizers (80 kg N ha−1, organic-mineral) and compared to 0 (control) and mineral (40, 80, and 120 kg N ha−1) fertilization. Earthworm activity and biomass, litter decomposition, crop growth, and yield parameters were investigated under winter barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in 2014 after uniform mineral fertilization and 1.5 years after the last compost application. Earthworm activity was significantly increased under long-term organic-mineral fertilization compared to the control, whereas earthworm biomass was unaffected by compost application. Litter decomposition rate was highest in the control. Only barley stem growth was affected by fertilization, whereas other barley parameters including yield were unaffected. The results showed that long-term fertilization affects soil biota even if compost is not applied every year.

scholarly journals Long-term mineral fertilization impact on chemical and microbiological properties of soil and Miscanthus × giganteus yield

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 117-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Stępień ◽  
Górska EB ◽  
S. Pietkiewicz ◽  
Kalaji MH
Keyword(s):  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Miscanthus Giganteus ◽  
Microbial Characteristics ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Properties Of Soil ◽  
Microbiological Properties

This experimental work was undertaken to assess the effect of various fertilization regimes (CaNPK, NPK, CaPK, CaPN, CaKN and Ca) and different soil properties on growth and yield of Miscanthus plants and to check the impact of this plant on soil microbial characteristics. Field experiment was set up in 2003 on a long-term fertilization experiment, which had been established since 1923. Miscanthus giganteus response to high soil acidity and deficiency of N, P and K was investigated. Some physico-chemical and microbiological properties of soil samples were estimated and microbial characteristics of soil were conducted to investigate the number of the following microorganisms: heterotrophic bacteria, microscopic fungi, and some diazotrophic bacteria. Obtained results showed that, the highest yield of Miscanthus was obtained from the field fertilized with the CaNPK; while the lowest one was found for plants grown without nitrogen (CaPK). The high acidity of soil and small amount of phosphorus did not affect the yields in the NPK and CaKN combinations as compared with CaNPK one. The experiments showed that Miscanthus giganteus responded positively to mineral fertilization, especially with nitrogen. The rhizosphere of Miscanthus plants provides a suitable environment for the growth and development of microorganisms, in contrast to the non-rhizosphere zone.

Soil audit of a long-term phosphate experiment in south-western Victoria: total phosphorus, sulfur, nitrogen, and major cations

2000 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 737 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. McCaskill ◽  
J. W. D. Cayley
Keyword(s):  
Soil Profile ◽  
Water Movement ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Fertility Treatment ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Single Superphosphate ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Total Soil ◽  
Western Victoria

A nutrient audit was conducted on a long-term grazed fertiliser experiment at Hamilton in south-western Victoria to determine the fate of applied phosphorus (P) and sulfur (S). Single superphosphate had been applied at rates averaging between 1 and 33 kg P/ha.year since the start of the experiment in 1977. Soil samples were taken in 1994 by coring to a depth of 80 cm, and analysed for total soil nutrient concentration. Most (80%) applied P was in the top 43 cm of the soil profile. A further 6.5% had been transferred to sheep camp areas and 6.5% had been exported as product. It was estimated that <0.4% of applied P left the site in surface water movement. Unaccounted P (6.6%) was probably in the soil, but could not be detected because of the relatively wide confidence margin for total soil P. Only 31% of applied S was detected in the top 43 cm, 3.6% had been transferred to sheep camps, and 4.9% exported in product. Unaccounted S (60%) had probably moved deeper into the soil where it could not be detected from background levels of total soil S. Bulk density in the 0–5-cm layer increased by 1% for each additional ewe per ha, but decreased by up to 0.4% for each kg/ha.year of P fertiliser. Soil nitrogen (N) accumulated at 46 kg N/ha.year at the highest P application rate.Differences in total potassium (K) between low and high fertility treatments indicated that 20 kg K/ha.year had moved out of the 5–19-cm soil layer of the high fertility treatment. This was attributed to competition for exchange sites from calcium (Ca) in the superphosphate. It was concluded that fertilisers with a higher P : S ratio and a lower Ca content than superphosphate are more appropriate for the basalt-derived duplex soils because they would reduce problems associated with displacement of K in the soil profile.

Black soil fertility as affected by for long-term fertilization in different crop rotations

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (92) ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
Ya.P. Tsvey ◽  
S.O. Bondar ◽  
S.M. Senchuk
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Exchangeable Potassium ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Mobile Phosphorus

For typical leached black soil it was proved that introduction of 7,5 t/ha manure + N P K in the first three rotations, 8.3 t/ha manure + N P K in the fourth rotation, and 16.6 t/ha manure + N P K in the first link of the fifth rotation led to an increase in the content of mobile phosphorus in the ploughed soil layer to 270-325 mg/kg, exchangeable potassium to 95-105 mg/kg, whereas at the beginning of the experiment, the content of mobile phosphorus was 144-150 mg/kg and exchangeable potassium 66-71 mg/kg. Content of alkali hydrolysed nitrogen in soil was stabilized against the background of organic and mineral fertilization at the level of 140-124 mg/kg, whereas without fertilizers it was 112-105 mg/kg soil and at the beginning of the experiment 177-173 mg/kg of soil.

scholarly journals Dynamics and Distribution of Soil Salinity under Long-Term Mulched Drip Irrigation in an Arid Area of Northwestern China

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zilong Guan ◽  
Zhifeng Jia ◽  
Zhiqiang Zhao ◽  
Qiying You
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Upward Migration ◽  
Mulched Drip Irrigation

Mulched drip irrigation has been widely used in agricultural planting in arid and semi-arid regions. The dynamics and distribution of soil salinity under mulched drip irrigation greatly affect crop growth and yield. However, there are still different views on the distribution and dynamics of soil salinity under long-term mulched drip irrigation due to complex factors (climate, groundwater, irrigation, and soil). Therefore, the soil salinity of newly reclaimed salt wasteland was monitored for 9 years (2008–2016), and the effects of soil water on soil salinity distribution under mulched drip irrigation have also been explored. The results indicated that the soil salinity decreased sharply in 3–4 years of implementation of mulched drip irrigation, and then began to fluctuate to different degrees and showed slight re-accumulation. During the growth period, soil salinity was relatively high at pre-sowing, and after a period of decline soil salinity tends to increase in the late harvest period. The vertical distribution of soil texture had a significant effect on the distribution of soil salinity. Salt accumulated near the soil layer transiting from coarse soil to fine soil. After a single irrigation, the soil water content in the 30–70 cm layer under the cotton plant undergoes a ‘high–low–high’ change pattern, and the soil salt firstly moved to the deep layer (below 70 cm), and then showed upward migration tendency with the weakening of irrigation water infiltration. The results may contribute to the scientific extension of mulched drip irrigation and the farmland management under long-term mulched drip irrigation.

Phosphorus budget and organic phosphorus fractions in response to long-term applications of chemical fertilisers and pig manure in a Mollisol

Soil Research ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun Song ◽  
Xiaozeng Han ◽  
Enli Wang
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Balance ◽  
Fertiliser Application ◽  
Chemical Fertiliser

This paper describes the effects of chemical fertiliser and pig manure application on the phosphorus (P) balance and changes of soil organic P (Po) fractions in a Mollisol following 14 years of maize–soybean–wheat rotation in Northeast China. The experiment was designed according to the local crop rotation and management system, consisting of a control treatment with no fertiliser application, a treatment with chemical nitrogen (N) and P fertilisers, and a treatment with chemical N and P fertilisers plus pig manure. The results suggest that the levels of local chemical fertiliser applications seem to balance the P removal by the crops, while the additional P in the pig manure resulted in substantial accumulation of P in the soil despite greater crop production. Analysis of Po fractions showed that long-term cultivation without fertilisation reduced the soil labile Po. Additions of P through application of chemical fertilisers only preserved the labile Po content, whereas addition of chemical P fertiliser plus pig manure increased the labile Po content. Comparison between 1993 and 2007 soil samples indicates that the moderately labile Po content declined in all treatments, whereas the non-labile Po content increased. These results suggest that the moderately labile Po may be transformed into labile Po and Pi, and that some active P fractions were immobilised during long-term cultivation. Adding fertiliser increased P availability and alleviated soil P immobilisation.

Optimizing sowing density-based management decisions with different nitrogen rates on smallholder maize farms in Northern Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 866-883
Author(s):  
Adnan Aminu Adnan ◽  
Jan Diels ◽  
Jibrin Mohammed Jibrin ◽  
Alpha Yaya Kamara ◽  
Abdulwahab Saliu Shaibu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
N Fertilizers ◽  
Scenario Analyses ◽  
Maize Varieties

AbstractIn this study, the CERES-Maize model was calibrated and evaluated using data from 60 farmers’ fields across Sudan (SS) and Northern Guinea (NGS) Savannas of Nigeria in 2016 and 2017 rainy seasons. The trials consisted of 10 maize varieties sown at three different sowing densities (2.6, 5.3, and 6.6 plants m−2) across farmers’ field with contrasting agronomic and nutrient management histories. Model predictions in both years and locations were close to observed data for both calibration and evaluation exercises as evidenced by low normalized root mean square error (RMSE) (≤15%), high modified d-index (> 0.6), and high model efficiency (>0.45) values for the phenology, growth, and yield data across all varieties and agro-ecologies. In both years and locations and for both calibration and evaluation exercises, very good agreements were found between observed and model-simulated grain yields, number of days to physiological maturity, above-ground biomass, and harvest index. Two separate scenario analyses were conducted using the long-term (26 years) weather records for Bunkure (representing the SS) and Zaria (representing the NGS). The early and extra-early varieties were used in the SS while the intermediate and late varieties were used in the NGS. The result of the scenario analyses showed that early and extra-early varieties grown in the SS responds to increased sowing density up to 8.8 plants m−2 when the recommended rate of N fertilizers (90 kg N ha−1) was applied. In the NGS, yield responses were observed up to a density of 6.6 plants m−2 with the application of 120 kg N ha−1 for the intermediate and late varieties. The highest mean monetary returns to land (US$1336.1 ha−1) were simulated for scenarios with 8.8 plants m−2 and 90 kg N ha−1, while the highest return to labor (US$957.7 ha−1) was simulated for scenarios with 6.6 plants m−2 and 90 Kg N ha−1 in the SS. In the NGS, monetary return per hectare was highest with a planting density of 6.6 plants m−2 with the application of 120 kg N, while the return to labor was highest for sowing density of 5.3 plants m−2 at the same N fertilizer application rates. The results of the long-term simulations predicted increases in yield and economic returns to land and labor by increasing sowing densities in the maize belts of Nigeria without applying N fertilizers above the recommended rates.

scholarly journals Effects of Short-Term Root Cooling before Harvest on Yield and Food Quality of Chinese Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. Alboglabra Bailey)

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 577
Author(s):  
Fang He ◽  
Björn Thiele ◽  
David Kraus ◽  
Souhaila Bouteyine ◽  
Michelle Watt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Food Quality ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Root Temperature ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Physiological Variables

Vegetable product quality is an important consideration for consumers. Long-term root cooling could improve certain food quality of horticultural crops, but often comes at the expense of reduced shoot biomass or yield. Since few studies have investigated how fast Chinese broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra Bailey) responds to changes of root temperature, we shortened the duration of the root cooling treatment to one week before harvest to make the production system more effective. The aim of this study was to improve the food quality of Chinese broccoli without causing deleterious effects on plant growth and yield. The seedlings were cultivated hydroponically at two root temperatures (10 and 20 °C) during the last week prior to harvest in summer 2018 (Exp-1) and autumn 2019 (Exp-2). Plant growth, yield, physiological variables, soluble sugars, total chlorophyll, glucosinolates and mineral elements concentration were examined. The results showed that the yield reduction was alleviated compared to results over the long-term. Specifically, yield was not affected by root cooling in Exp-1 and reduced by 18.9% in Exp-2 compared to 20 °C. Glucose and fructose concentrations of the leaves were increased when the root temperature was 10 °C in both experiments with a more pronounced impact in Exp-2. In addition, root cooling produced a significant accumulation of individual glucosinolates, such as progoitrin, gluconapin, 4-methoxyglucobrassicin and 4-hydroxyglucobrassicin, in the stems of Exp-1 and the leaves of Exp-2. Minerals, such as N, showed reductions in the shoot, but accumulation in the root. Therefore, compared to long-term root cooling, short-term (one week) reduction of the root temperature is more economical and could help improve certain quality characteristics of Chinese broccoli with less or even no yield reduction.

scholarly journals Application of Vermicompost to Soil P Levels, Tissue P Levels, and Corn Yields in Entisols

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
Efian Aprizal ◽  
Hasanudin Hasanudin ◽  
RR Yudhy Harini Bertham ◽  
Herry Gusmara ◽  
Edhi Turmudi
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design

This study aims to determine the optimum dossage of vermicompost to soil P levels, tissue P levels as well as corn growth and yield in Entisols. This research was conducted at Kandang Mas village, Bengkulu City from August 2019 until November 2019. The design used in this study is Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) one factor is the application of vermicompost dose with three replications. The dossage of vermicompost consists of seven levels, namely 0 tons ha-1, 5 tons ha-1, 10 tons ha-1, 15 tons ha-1, 20 tons ha-1, 25  tons ha-1, and 30 tons ha-1. The results showed that there was no optimum dossage of vermicompost to soil P levels, tissue P levels, and corn yield in Entisols. 

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