Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) infection during late pregnancy: A Report of 18 patients from Wuhan, China

Abstract Background: Compared with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome(SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome(MESR), Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19) spread more rapidly and widely. The population was generally susceptible. However, reports on pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2 were very limited. By sharing the clinical characteristics, treatments and outcomes of 18 patients with COVID-19 during late pregnancy, we hoped to provide some references for obstetric treatment and management.Methods: A total of 18 patients with COVID-19 treated in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University were collected. The epidemiological characteristics, clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, chest CT and pregnancy outcomes were performed for analysis.Results: 1. 18 cases of late pregnancy infected with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia were delivered at 35 + 5 weeks to 41 weeks. According to the clinical classification of COVID-19, 1 case was mild type, 16 cases were ordinary type, and 1 case was severe type. 2. According to Imaging examinations: 15 (83%) cases showed unilateral or bilateral pneumonia, 2 (11%) cases had pulmonary infection with pleural effusion, and 1 (6%) case had no abnormal imaging changes. 8 (44%) cases were positive and 10 (56%) cases were negative for nasopharyngeal-swab tests of SARS-CoV-2. 3. Among the 18 newborns, there were 3 (17%) premature infants, 1 (6%) case of mild asphyxia, 5 (28%) cases of bacterial pneumonia, 1 (6%) case of gastrointestinal bleeding, 1 (6%) case of necrotizing enteritis, 2 (11%) cases of hyperbilirubinemia and 1 (6%) case of diarrhea. All the newborns were negative for the first throat swab test of SARS-CoV-2 after birth. 4. Follow-up to Mar 7, 2020, no maternal and neonatal deaths occurred.Conclusions: The majority of patients in late term pregnancy with COVID-19 were of ordinary type, and they less likely developed into critical pneumonia after early isolation and antiviral treatment. Vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 was not detected, but the proportion of neonatal bacterial pneumonia was higher than other neonatal diseases in newborns.

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Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) infection during late pregnancy: A Report of 18 patients from Wuhan, China

10.21203/rs.3.rs-18247/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lu Zhang ◽

Lan Dong ◽

Lei Ming ◽

Min Wei ◽

Jun Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽

Bacterial Pneumonia ◽

Virus Disease ◽

Antiviral Treatment ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Late Pregnancy ◽

Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽

Neonatal Deaths ◽

Ordinary Type ◽

Epidemiological Characteristics

Abstract Background: Compared with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome(SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome(MESR), Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19) spread more rapidly and widely. The population was generally susceptible. However, reports on pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2 were very limited. By sharing the clinical characteristics, treatments and outcomes of 18 patients with COVID-19 during late pregnancy, we hoped to provide some references for obstetric treatment and management.Methods: A total of 18 patients with COVID-19 treated in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University were collected. The epidemiological characteristics, clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, chest CT and pregnancy outcomes were performed for analysis.Results: 1. 18 cases of late pregnancy infected with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia were delivered at 35 + 5 weeks to 41 weeks. According to the clinical classification of COVID-19, 1 case was mild type, 16 cases were ordinary type, and 1 case was severe type. 2. According to Imaging examinations: 15 (83%) cases showed unilateral or bilateral pneumonia, 2 (11%) cases had pulmonary infection with pleural effusion, and 1 (6%) case had no abnormal imaging changes. 8 (44%) cases were positive and 10 (56%) cases were negative for nasopharyngeal-swab tests of SARS-CoV-2. 3. Among the 18 newborns, there were 3 (17%) premature infants, 1 (6%) case of mild asphyxia, 5 (28%) cases of bacterial pneumonia, 1 (6%) case of gastrointestinal bleeding, 1 (6%) case of necrotizing enteritis, 2 (11%) cases of hyperbilirubinemia and 1 (6%) case of diarrhea. All the newborns were negative for the first throat swab test of SARS-CoV-2 after birth. 4. Follow-up to Mar 7, 2020, no maternal and neonatal deaths occurred.Conclusions: The majority of patients in late term pregnancy with COVID-19 were of ordinary type, and they less likely developed into critical pneumonia after early isolation and antiviral treatment. Vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 was not detected, but the proportion of neonatal bacterial pneumonia was higher than other neonatal diseases in newborns.

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Clinical analysis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in children

10.21203/rs.3.rs-21625/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Guilang Zheng ◽

Chuxing Xie ◽

Dongli Liu ◽

Guojing Ye ◽

Xiaoqian Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Creatine Kinase ◽

Body Weight ◽

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽

Lymphocyte Count ◽

Antiviral Treatment ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Small Sample ◽

Upper Respiratory Tract ◽

Creatine Kinase Mb ◽

The Mean

Abstract Background: The number of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has significantly increased, and the disease is rapidly spreading to all parts of the country and around the world. A retrospective study of children with SARS-CoV-2 provides a reference for the diagnosis and treatment of children during this epidemic.Methods: We retrospectively studied 12 cases of children with viral infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 admitted to 6 hospitals in Guangdong Province between January 25, 2020, and February 12, 2020, and analyzed the clinical features and outcomes of the patients.Results: A total of 12 children with SARS-CoV-2 infection from 6 hospitals were enrolled in the study; 6 were boys. The mean age was 9.8 ± 4.7 years, with a minimum age of 2 years and 10 months. The mean body weight was 37.3 ± 23.6 kg, with a minimum body weight of 13.0 kg. There were no severe cases or critical severe cases. There were 2 cases of mild pneumonia (16.7%), 7 cases of acute upper respiratory tract infection (58.3%), and 3 cases of latent infection (25.0%). In terms of symptoms, there were 7 cases of fever (58.3%), 5 cases of cough (41.7%), 3 cases of runny nose (25.0%), 2 cases of systemic fatigue and soreness (16.7%), and 4 cases of no symptoms (33.3%). Three patients (75.0%) showed decreased white blood cell (WBC) counts for their first complete blood count (CBC) after admission, and one patient (8.3%) had a low lymphocyte count. There were no obvious abnormalities in C-reactive protein (CRP, 1.53 ± 2.28 mg/l), procalcitonin (PCT, 0.21 ± 0.13 ng/ml), or coagulation function. No abnormalities were detected for creatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase-MB (CKMB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (Scr). Six cases (50.0%) were positive for Mycoplasma pneumoniae antibodies. 2 cases showed pulmonary exudative lesions on chest X-ray or computed tomography (CT). All children tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by real-time reverse-transcription–polymerase-chain-reaction (RT-PCR) assays of throat swabs. 9 patients received antiviral treatment with lopinavir/ritonavir. All patients received symptomatic supportive treatment and were quarantined, and their conditions improved. There was no respiratory failure, acute respiratory distress syndrome, shock complications, or death observed for any case. All patients recovered and were discharged, with an average length of hospital stay of 14 days.Conclusions: This study with a small sample size suggests that all SARS-CoV-2-infected children had normal or reduced WBCs; however, fever was not as common as expected, and a decrease in lymphocyte count was rare. The clinical manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children are mild, COVID⁃19 is rare, and the prognosis is good. But the presence of latent SARS-CoV-2 infection in children presents new challenges for effective clinical prevention and control.

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Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of Children with Coronavirus Disease 2019

10.1101/2020.03.19.20027078 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Qin Wu ◽

Yuhan Xing ◽

Lei Shi ◽

Wenjie Li ◽

Yang Gao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pediatric Patients ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Epidemiological Data ◽

Good Prognosis ◽

Pcr Analysis ◽

Respiratory Pathogens ◽

Upper Respiratory Tract ◽

Radiologic Findings ◽

Epidemiological Characteristics

BackgroundSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a newly identified pathogen which mainly spreads by droplets. Most published studies focused on adult patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but data concerning pediatric patients is limited. This study aimed to determine epidemiological characteristics and clinical features of pediatric patients with COVID-19.MethodsWe reviewed and analyzed data on pediatric patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19, including basic information, epidemiological history, clinical manifestations, laboratory and radiologic findings, treatment, outcome and follow-up results.ResultsFrom January 20th to February 27th of 2020, a total of 74 pediatric patients with COVID-19 were included in this study. Of the 68 cases whose epidemiological data were complete, 65 (65/68, 95.59%) cases were household contacts of adults whose symptoms developed earlier. Forty (59.46%) of the infected children were male, and the median age and body weight are 6 (0.10-15.08) years and 24 (4.20-87.00) kg, respectively. Except for one critically ill case, 20 (27.03%) patients did not show any symptoms of infection, 24 (32.43%) patients had acute upper respiratory tract infection and 29 (39.19%) patients were diagnosed with mild pneumonia. Cough (24/74, 32.43%) and fever (20, 27.03%) were the predominant symptoms of 44 (59.46%) symptomatic patients at onset of the illness. Abnormalities in leukocyte count were found in 23 (31.08%) children and 10 (13.51%) children presented with abnormal lymphocyte count. Of the 34 (45.95%) patients who had nucleic acid testing results for common respiratory pathogens, 19 (19 / 34, 51.35%) showed co-infection with other pathogens other than SARS-CoV-2.Ten (13.51%) children had RT-PCR analysis of SARS-CoV-2 for fecal specimens and 8 of them showed prolonged existence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA 11 (5-23) days after nasopharynx swabs turning negative. Abnormalities in chest imaging were observed in 37 (50.00%) patients and 28 (37.84%) of them only presented with nontypical changes.All children had good prognosis with a median hospitalization duration of 11 days and follow-up period of 16.5 days. During the follow-up period, all the patients remained in quarantine at designated site and home for two 14-day obervation periods and showed no clinical manifestation,but 3 of the 8 cases with prolonged fecal shedding of SARS-CoV-2 still showed positive result of feces test.

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Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease in Spain

European Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1177/11206721211033477 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 112067212110334

Author(s):

Pedro Arriola-Villalobos ◽

Aina Moll-Udina ◽

Mario Carrasco-López-Brea ◽

Cristina Sacristan ◽

Maria Jose Capella ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Course ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Acute Stage ◽

Tertiary Referral ◽

Stage Disease ◽

Maintenance Stage ◽

Multicenter Analysis ◽

Epidemiological Characteristics ◽

First Time

Purpose: To describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease in Spain. Methods: This was a retrospective multicenter analysis of data from VKH patients followed for at least 6 months. The data collected were related to demographics, clinical manifestations, treatments, and complications. Results: Participants were 112 patients (224 eyes), from 13 tertiary referral centers, of mean age 37.5 ± 14.7 years; 83.9% were women. Ethnicities were 61.6% Caucasian and 30.4% Hispanic. The disease was classified as complete in 16.1%, incomplete in 55.4%, and probable in 28.6%. When seen for the first time, the clinical course was acute in 69.6%, recurrent chronic in 15.2%, and chronic in 14.3%. The most frequent treatment was corticosteroids (acute stage 42.2%, maintenance stage 55.6%). The most common complications were cataract (41.1%) and ocular hypertension (16.1%). In most eyes, visual acuity was improved (96.7%) or remained stable at the end of follow up. Conclusion: VKH in Spain mostly affects women and presents as incomplete acute stage disease. Visual prognosis is good. Cataract and glaucoma are the two most frequent complications.

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Epidemiological characteristics and clinical analysis of 97 AIDS patients

European Journal of Inflammation ◽

10.1177/2058739219857989 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 ◽

pp. 205873921985798

Author(s):

Hu Liping ◽

Yibaguli Aibaidula ◽

Nulibiya Abudukeyoumu ◽

Zhang Yuexin

Keyword(s):

Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Antiviral Treatment ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Cell Number ◽

Intravenous Drug ◽

Drug Injection ◽

Aids Patients ◽

Epidemiological Characteristics ◽

Intravenous Drug Injection

This study is to analyze clinical features of 97 AIDS patients received and treated in our hospital. Clinical data of 97 HIV-infected patients who were admitted between September 2004 and September 2018 were analyzed retrospectively. We found that all patients were in AIDS stage, CD4+ T lymphocytes counts were (210.56 ± 79.31)/µL. After the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) regimens, CD4+ cell number is 315.21 ± 187.90, most patients before clinical symptoms are significantly improved. HIV infections were mainly through intravenous drug injection (51 cases, 52.58%) and sex contact (29 cases, 29.90%). In conclusion, the clinical manifestations of AIDS patients are various, and the main infection route is intravenous drug injection. Multiple measures should be taken to prevent and control HIV transmission, patients should undergo effective antiviral treatment, monitor and follow-up, so as to control opportunistic infection and virus replication.

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Coronavirus Diseases (COVID-19) Current Status and Future Perspectives: A Narrative Review

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17082690 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (8) ◽

pp. 2690 ◽

Cited By ~ 107

Author(s):

Francesco Di Gennaro ◽

Damiano Pizzol ◽

Claudia Marotta ◽

Mario Antunes ◽

Vincenzo Racalbuto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽

Virus Disease ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Health Impact ◽

Narrative Review ◽

World Health ◽

Current Status ◽

Future Perspective ◽

Global Pandemic ◽

Health Organization

At the end of 2019 a novel virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), causing severe acute respiratory syndrome expanded globally from Wuhan, China. In March 2020 the World Health Organization declared the SARS-Cov-2 virus a global pandemic. We performed a narrative review to describe existing literature with regard to Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, management and future perspective. MEDLINE, EMBASE and Scopus databases were searched for relevant articles. Although only when the pandemic ends it will be possible to assess the full health, social and economic impact of this global disaster, this review represents a picture of the current state of the art. In particular, we focus on public health impact, pathophysiology and clinical manifestations, diagnosis, case management, emergency response and preparedness.

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Clinical Analysis of Atelectasis Caused by Influenza A in Xiamen Children’s Hospital Between 2017 and 2019

10.21203/rs.3.rs-42496/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Lin Yuan ◽

Ding-zhen Bai ◽

Zhi-qiang Zhuo ◽

Xing-dong Wu

Keyword(s):

Influenza A ◽

Pediatric Patients ◽

Antiviral Treatment ◽

Left Lung ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Fiberoptic Bronchoscopy ◽

Children's Hospital ◽

Children’S Hospital ◽

Tract Infections ◽

Epidemiological Characteristics

Abstract Background: We aimed to analyze the clinical characteristics of pediatric patients with atelectasis caused by influenza A to provide a reference for reasonable clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods: We included 79 pediatric patients with atelectasis caused by influenza A diagnosed at Xiamen Children’s Hospital between January 1, 2017 and December 31, 2019. We analyzed their epidemiological characteristics, clinical manifestations, imaging changes, diagnosis, treatment process, and outcomes. Results: Among the 79 included patients (males: 52; females: 27), 70 (88.61%) were > 6 years-old and 54 (68.35%) had atelectasis onset during winter. A majority experienced fever and cough. Among them, 44, 16, 21, 14, and 12 had normal/decreased white blood cells, elevated procalcitonin, abnormal hepatic function, abnormal myocardial enzyme spectrum, Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection, and Streptococcus pneumoniae infection, respectively. Seventy-nine patients presented different atelectasis degrees, including 16 and 29 with atelectasis in the right and left lung, respectively, while 34 had multiple consolidations and atelectasis lesions in both lungs. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy examination of 57 cases revealed mucus plug blockage in 6 cases; among them, 2 cases underwent bronchial cast removal. All patients received oseltamivir or peramivir for antiviral treatment and antibacterial treatment for complicated bacterial infection. All the patients recovered and were eventually discharged. Post-discharge follow-up showed that 77 cases were cured while 2 experienced recurrent respiratory tract infections and post-activity shortness of breath with chest computer tomography showing mosaic perfusion. Conclusion There is a high incidence of atelectasis caused by influenza A during winter among children aged < 6 years. The main manifestations are fever (mostly hyperpyrexia) and cough. Chest imaging shows consolidation and atelectasis occurring in any lung lobe. Some patients present multiple consolidations and atelectasis lesions complicated by mucus plugs or bronchial casts. Timely fiberoptic bronchoscopy and alveolar lavage could shorten the disease course and improve the prognosis.

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Revisiting secondary normal pressure hydrocephalus: does it exist? A review

Neurosurgical FOCUS ◽

10.3171/2016.6.focus16189 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 41 (3) ◽

pp. E6 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Badih Daou ◽

Petra Klinge ◽

Stavropoula Tjoumakaris ◽

Robert H. Rosenwasser ◽

Pascal Jabbour

Keyword(s):

Clinical Improvement ◽

Head Trauma ◽

Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Normal Pressure ◽

Shunt Placement ◽

Grading Scale ◽

The Mean ◽

Epidemiological Characteristics

OBJECTIVE There are several etiologies that can lead to the development of secondary normal pressure hydrocephalus (sNPH). The aim of this study was to evaluate the etiology, diagnosis, treatment, and outcome in patients with sNPH and to highlight important differences between the separate etiologies. METHODS A comprehensive review of the literature was performed to identify studies conducted between 1965 and 2015 that included data regarding the etiology, treatment, diagnosis, and outcome in patients with sNPH. Sixty-four studies with a total of 1309 patients were included. The inclusion criteria of this study were articles that were written in English, included more than 2 patients with the diagnosis of sNPH, and contained data regarding the etiology, diagnosis, treatment, or outcome of NPH. The most common assessment of clinical improvement was based on the Stein and Langfitt grading scale or equivalent improvement on other alternative ordinal grading scales. RESULTS The main etiologies of sNPH were subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in 46.5%, head trauma in 29%, intracranial malignancies in 6.2%, meningoencephalitis in 5%, and cerebrovascular disease in 4.5% of patients. In 71.9% of patients the sNPH was treated with ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement, and 24.4% had placement of a ventriculoatrial shunt. Clinical improvement after shunt placement was reported in 74.4% and excellent clinical improvement in 58% of patients with sNPH. The mean follow-up period after shunt placement was 13 months. Improvement was seen in 84.2% of patients with SAH, 83% of patients with head trauma, 86.4% of patients with brain tumors, 75% of patients with meningoencephalitis, and 64.7% of patients with NPH secondary to stroke. CONCLUSIONS Secondary NPH encompasses a diverse group of clinical manifestations associated with a subset of patients with acquired hydrocephalus. The most common etiologies of sNPH include SAH and traumatic brain injury. Secondary NPH does indeed exist, and should be differentiated from idiopathic NPH based on outcome and on clinical, pathophysiological, and epidemiological characteristics, but should not be considered as a separate entity.

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A Review on Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) & Its Preventive Management

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development ◽

10.22270/ajprd.v8i3.723 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 142-151

Author(s):

Vijay Singh

Keyword(s):

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽

Virus Disease ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Health Impact ◽

Host Cells ◽

World Health ◽

Future Perspective ◽

Family Welfare ◽

Corona Virus ◽

Health Organization

At the end of 2019 a novel virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), causing severe acute respiratory syndrome expanded globally from Wuhan, China. In March 2020 the World Health Organization declared the SARS-Cov-2 virus a global pandemic. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 can attack lung cells because there are many conserved receptor entries, namely Angiotensin Converting Enzyme-2. The presence of this virus in host cells will initiate various protective responses leading to pneumonia and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. This review aimed to provide an overview related to this Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, management and future perspective. We searched PubMed, Medline, Embase and Scopus databases for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2, Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus. Full texts were retrieved, analyzed and developed into an easy-to-understand review. Although only when the pandemic ends it will be possible to assess the full health, social and economic impact of this global disaster, this review represents a picture of the current state of the art. In particular, we focus on public health impact, pathophysiology and clinical manifestations, diagnosis, case management, emergency response and preparedness. The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India and ICMR (Indian Council of Medical Research) has formulated guidelines, advisories for social distancing protocol, diagnosis, management, do’s and don’ts and other reliable material.

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