scholarly journals Epidemiological characteristics and clinical analysis of 97 AIDS patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 205873921985798
Author(s):  
Hu Liping ◽  
Yibaguli Aibaidula ◽  
Nulibiya Abudukeyoumu ◽  
Zhang Yuexin
Keyword(s):  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Intravenous Drug ◽  
Drug Injection ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
Intravenous Drug Injection

This study is to analyze clinical features of 97 AIDS patients received and treated in our hospital. Clinical data of 97 HIV-infected patients who were admitted between September 2004 and September 2018 were analyzed retrospectively. We found that all patients were in AIDS stage, CD4+ T lymphocytes counts were (210.56 ± 79.31)/µL. After the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) regimens, CD4+ cell number is 315.21 ± 187.90, most patients before clinical symptoms are significantly improved. HIV infections were mainly through intravenous drug injection (51 cases, 52.58%) and sex contact (29 cases, 29.90%). In conclusion, the clinical manifestations of AIDS patients are various, and the main infection route is intravenous drug injection. Multiple measures should be taken to prevent and control HIV transmission, patients should undergo effective antiviral treatment, monitor and follow-up, so as to control opportunistic infection and virus replication.

Intravenous Drug Injection Habits: Drug Users’ Self-Reports versus Researchers’ Perception

Pharmacology ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald Zernig ◽  
Salvatore Giacomuzzi ◽  
Yvonne Riemer ◽  
Gudrun Wakonigg ◽  
Katja Sturm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Users ◽  
Intravenous Drug ◽  
Drug Injection ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Intravenous Drug Injection

scholarly journals Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) infection during late pregnancy: A Report of 18 patients from Wuhan, China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Zhang ◽  
Lan Dong ◽  
Lei Ming ◽  
Min Wei ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Bacterial Pneumonia ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Neonatal Deaths ◽  
Ordinary Type ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Abstract Background Compared with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome(SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome(MESR), Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19) spread more rapidly and widely. The population was generally susceptible. However, reports on pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2 were very limited. By sharing the clinical characteristics, treatments and outcomes of 18 patients with COVID-19 during late pregnancy, we hoped to provide some references for obstetric treatment and management. Methods: A total of 18 patients with COVID-19 treated in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University were collected. The epidemiological characteristics, clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, chest CT and pregnancy outcomes were performed for analysis. Results: 1.18 cases of late pregnancy infected with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia were delivered at 35 + 5 weeks to 41 weeks. According to the clinical classification of COVID-19, 1 case was mild type, 16 cases were ordinary type, and 1 case was severe type. 2 . According to Imaging examinations: 15 (83%) cases showed unilateral or bilateral pneumonia, 2 (11%) cases had pulmonary infection with pleural effusion, and 1(6%) case had no abnormal imaging changes. 3. Among the 18 newborns, there were 3 (17%) premature infants, 1 (6%) case of mild asphyxia, 5 (28%) cases of bacterial pneumonia, 1 (6%) case of gastrointestinal bleeding, 1 (6%) case of necrotizing enteritis, 2 (11%) cases of hyperbilirubinemia and 1 (6%) case of diarrhea. All the newborns were negative for the first throat swab test of SARS-CoV-2 after birth. 4. Follow-up to Mar 7, 2020, no maternal and neonatal deaths occurred. Conclusions: The majority of patients in late term pregnancy with COVID-19 were of ordinary type, and they less likely developed into critical pneumonia after early isolation and antiviral treatment. Vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 was not detected, but the proportion of neonatal bacterial pneumonia was higher than other neonatal diseases in newborns.

scholarly journals A case of SARS-CoV-2 carrier for 32 days with several times false negative nucleic acid tests

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingjie Song ◽  
Guibao Xiao ◽  
Xianqin Zhang ◽  
Zhan Gao ◽  
Shixia Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
Immune Therapy ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Nucleic Acid Detection ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Nucleic Acid Tests

AbstractIn 2019, a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) was first discovered in Wuhan, Hubei, China, causing severe respiratory disease in humans, and has been identified as a public health emergency of international concern. With the spread of the virus, there are more and more false negative cases of RT-PCR nucleic acid detection in the early stage of potential infection. In this paper, we collected the epidemiological history, clinical manifestations, outcomes, laboratory results and images of a SARS-CoV-2 carrier with no significant past medical history. The patient was quarantined because of her colleague had been diagnosed. After the onset of clinical symptoms, chest CT results showed patchy ground-glass opacity (GGO) in her lungs, but it took a total of nine nucleic acid tests to confirm the diagnosis, among which the first eight RT-PCR results were negative or single-target positive. In addition to coughing up phlegm during her stay in the hospital, she did not develop chills, fever, abdominal pain, diarrhea and other clinical symptoms. Since initial antiviral treatment, the lung lesions were absorbed. But the sputum nucleic acid test was still positive. In combination with antiviral and immune therapy, the patient tested negative for the virus. Notably, SARS-CoV-2 was detected only in the lower respiratory tract samples (sputum) throughout the diagnosis and treatment period. This is a confirmed case of SARS-CoV-2 infection with common symptoms, and her diagnosis has undergone multiple false negatives, suggesting that it is difficult to identify certain carriers of the virus and that such patients may also increase the spread of the SARS-CoV-2.

scholarly journals Improved Early Recognition of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19): Single-Center Data from a Shanghai Screening Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 272-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Peng ◽  
Kang-Yong Liu ◽  
Fei Xue ◽  
Ya-Fang Miao ◽  
Ping-An Tu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Nucleic Acid Testing ◽  
Single Center ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Background: In December 2019, an outbreak of a novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19; previously known as 2019-nCoV) was reported in Wuhan, Hubei province, China, which has subsequently affected more than 200 countries worldwide including Europe, North America, Oceania, Africa and other places. The number of infected people is rapidly increasing, while the diagnostic method of COVID-19 is only by nucleic acid testing. Objective: To explain the epidemiological characteristics, clinical features, imaging manifestations and to judge diagnostic value of COVID-19 by analyzing the clinical data of COVID-19 suspected and confirmed patients in a non-outbreak, Shanghai, China. To clarify the early epidemiology and clinical characteristics about COVID-19. Methods: Cross-sectional, single-center case reports of the 86 patients screened at Zhoupu Hospital in Pudong New District, Shanghai, China, from January 23 to February 16, 2020. Epidemiology, demography, clinical, laboratory and chest CTs were collected and analyzed. The screened patients were divided into COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 based on nucleic acid test results. Results: Of the 86 screened patients, 11 were confirmed (12.8%) by nucleic acid testing (mean age 40.73 ± 11.32, 5 males). No significant differences were found in clinical symptoms including fever, cough, dyspnea, sore throat, and fatigue (P > 0.05). No statistical difference was observed in plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) between the two groups (COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 ) of patients (P = 0.402), while the white blood cell count and lymphocyte count of the confirmed patients were slightly lower than those of the suspected patients (P < 0.05). Some non-COVID-19 chest CTs also showed subpleural lesions, such as ground-glass opacities (GGO) combined with bronchiectasis; or halo nodules distributed under the pleura with focal GGO; consolidation of subpleural distribution or combined with air bronchi sign and vascular bundle sign, etc. Conclusion: The early clinical manifestations and imaging findings of COVID-19 are not characteristic in non-outbreak areas. Etiological testing should be performed as early as possible for clinically suspected patients.

scholarly journals Clinical Profile of 24 AIDS Patients with Cryptococcal Meningitis in the HAART Era: A Report from an Infectious Diseases Tertiary Hospital in Western Romania

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Iosif Marincu ◽  
Cosmin Citu ◽  
Iulia Vidican ◽  
Felix Bratosin ◽  
Mihai Mares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Cryptococcal Meningitis ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Kaposi Sarcoma ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Lower Survival Rate

Management of cryptococcal infections among patients suffering from acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) represents a medical challenge. This retrospective study aims to describe the disease management and outcomes among 24 AIDS patients who suffered from Cryptococcus neoformans meningitis. The parameters evaluated from our patients’ database records include epidemiological data, clinical manifestations, biochemical and microbiological analysis of patients’ cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), treatment profiles, and disease outcomes. All patients included in the study had a lymphocyte count of less than 200 CD4/mm3. Of the 24 patients included in this study, five had been diagnosed with HIV infection since childhood, after receiving HIV-infected blood transfusions. The most prominent symptom was fatigue in 62.5% of patients, followed by nausea/vomiting and headache. Seven patients had liver cirrhosis due to hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, while Kaposi sarcoma and cerebral toxoplasmosis were found in two patients. Six out of 24 patients died due to bacterial sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). High intracranial pressure was the strongest predictive factor for mortality (OR = 2.9), followed by ARDS (OR = 1.8), seizures at disease onset (OR = 1.4), and diabetes mellitus (OR = 1.2). Interestingly, patients younger than 40 years old had a significantly lower survival rate than that of the older patients. Before developing Cryptococcal meningitis, all patients had low adherence to the early ART treatment scheme and skipped the follow-up visits. All patients received a combination of amphotericin B and flucytosine as induction therapy, adding fluconazole for maintenance. Simultaneously, AIDS HAART was initiated at diagnosis of the cryptococcal infection. A combined regimen of antifungals and highly active antiretroviral therapy showed improved patient recovery with minor side effects.

scholarly journals Clinical Analysis of Atelectasis Caused by Influenza A in Xiamen Children’s Hospital Between 2017 and 2019

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Yuan ◽  
Ding-zhen Bai ◽  
Zhi-qiang Zhuo ◽  
Xing-dong Wu
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
Left Lung ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Fiberoptic Bronchoscopy ◽  
Children's Hospital ◽  
Children’S Hospital ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Abstract Background: We aimed to analyze the clinical characteristics of pediatric patients with atelectasis caused by influenza A to provide a reference for reasonable clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods: We included 79 pediatric patients with atelectasis caused by influenza A diagnosed at Xiamen Children’s Hospital between January 1, 2017 and December 31, 2019. We analyzed their epidemiological characteristics, clinical manifestations, imaging changes, diagnosis, treatment process, and outcomes. Results: Among the 79 included patients (males: 52; females: 27), 70 (88.61%) were > 6 years-old and 54 (68.35%) had atelectasis onset during winter. A majority experienced fever and cough. Among them, 44, 16, 21, 14, and 12 had normal/decreased white blood cells, elevated procalcitonin, abnormal hepatic function, abnormal myocardial enzyme spectrum, Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection, and Streptococcus pneumoniae infection, respectively. Seventy-nine patients presented different atelectasis degrees, including 16 and 29 with atelectasis in the right and left lung, respectively, while 34 had multiple consolidations and atelectasis lesions in both lungs. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy examination of 57 cases revealed mucus plug blockage in 6 cases; among them, 2 cases underwent bronchial cast removal. All patients received oseltamivir or peramivir for antiviral treatment and antibacterial treatment for complicated bacterial infection. All the patients recovered and were eventually discharged. Post-discharge follow-up showed that 77 cases were cured while 2 experienced recurrent respiratory tract infections and post-activity shortness of breath with chest computer tomography showing mosaic perfusion. Conclusion There is a high incidence of atelectasis caused by influenza A during winter among children aged < 6 years. The main manifestations are fever (mostly hyperpyrexia) and cough. Chest imaging shows consolidation and atelectasis occurring in any lung lobe. Some patients present multiple consolidations and atelectasis lesions complicated by mucus plugs or bronchial casts. Timely fiberoptic bronchoscopy and alveolar lavage could shorten the disease course and improve the prognosis.

scholarly journals Clinical and laboratory findings of patients with the possible diagnosis of influenza hospitalized in affiliated hospitals of Babol University of Medical Sciences, 2015-2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 113-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mostafa Javanian ◽  
Arefeh Babazadeh ◽  
Soheil Ebrahimpour ◽  
Mehran Shokri ◽  
Masomeh Bayani
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Abstract The clinical and para clinical manifestations of influenza in various patients have range from an autoimmune disease to a life-threatening respiratory infection. In addition, the severity of the disease is influenced by factors such as demographic factors, underlying diseases, and immune response. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the clinical, laboratory and epidemiological characteristics of patients with this type of influenza in Babol (north of Iran). This study was conducted as a descriptive cross-sectional study from October 2015 to March 2016. Subsequently, in this study, records of 123 patients with clinical signs of the influenza-like disease who have undergone the clinical sign in hospitals affiliated to Babol University of Medical Sciences were reviewed. Of 123 patients admitted to a possible diagnosis of influenza, 58 patients (47.2%) were PCR positive for H1N1, while seventy nine (64.2%) participants were women and 21 (17.1%) had diabetes or underlying lung disease. Most of the involved age groups were of individuals above the age of 50. These were followed by the 21-35 years-old. Fever (78%), cough (65.9%), shivering (58.5%) and myalgia (56.1%) were the most common clinical symptoms. Increased levels of transaminases (43.1%), leukocytosis (35.8%) and thrombocytopenia (34.2%) were as well reported in patients as the most frequently reported para clinical findings. In the present study, the most usual clinical symptoms were fever, cough, chill, and myalgia, while gastrointestinal symptoms were also noticeably observed in patients. In an experimental study, a significant number of patients showed leukocytosis and thrombocytopenia and increased transaminases.

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