scholarly journals Fabrication of high surface area acid-treated activated carbon from pomegranate husk for 2,4-dichlorophenol adsorption

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ensiyeh Taheri ◽  
Mohammad Mehdi Amin ◽  
Ali Fatehizadeh ◽  
Eder C. Lima
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Adsorption Condition ◽  
Pomegranate Husk ◽  
Increasing Temperature

Abstract In the present study, zinc chloride followed by acid treating was employed for fabrication activated carbon with a high surface area from pomegranate husk (APHAC) for 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) adsorption. The APHAC was a well-developed pore and exhibiting specific surface areas of 1576 m2/g. Based on the XRD analysis, the diffraction peaks between 15 ° and 35 ° corresponded to amorphous carbon, and the pHpzc values of APHAC was 6.15 ± 0.15. According to batch experiments, the optimum adsorption condition of 2,4-DCP was pH of 3, contact time 60 min, and APHAC dose of 1.75. The absorption capacity of 2,4-DCP at the APHAC dose of 0.5 promptly decreased from 259.5 ± 12.9 mg/g at the initial concentration of 150 mg/L to 74.5 ± 3.7 mg/g dose of 2 g/L. With increasing temperature from 10°C to 50°C, the adsorption efficiency declined from 99.8 ± 0.5% to 75.6 ± 1.89%. The isotherm and kinetic of 2,4-DCP by APHAC revealed that Freundlich and Elovich satisfactorily fitted with experimental data.

Gas Phase Synthesis of Molybdenum and/or Iron Nitrides, Carbides and Sulfides

1994 ◽  
Vol 368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. Close ◽  
Jeffrey L. Petersen
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Lower Surface ◽  
Iron Nitrides ◽  
Ammonia Vapor ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Molybdenum Sulfides ◽  
Molybdenum Carbides ◽  
Increasing Temperature

ABSTRACTThe thermolytic decomposition of Mo(CO)6 with hydrogen sulfide or ammonia vapor (in a He carrier stream) at temperatures ranging from 300 to 1100 °C produces high surface area molybdenum sulfides (MoS2 or Mo2S3) or molybdenum carbides (hexagonal Mo2C) and carbonitrides, (hexagonal MoN(C) or cubic Mo2N(C)), respectively. The MoS2 surface areas range from 16.7 to 82.0 m2/g, while the surface areas of molybdenum carbides and carbonitrides vary from 14.9 to 21.1 m2/g. The maximum surface area for MoS2 is achieved at 500 °C and decreases with increasing or decreasing temperature. The surface area of the carbonitrides formed from 300 to 800 °C increases with increasing temperature up to 950 °C, where lower surface area Mo2C is formed. Crystallographically pure hexagonal MoN is prepared by decomposing Mo(CO) 6 in pure ammonia. Fe(CO) 5 decompositions in ammonia produce FexZ (where 5.8≥x≥1.6 and Z=C and N), and in some cases elemental Fe. Hexagonal Fe3 N(C) forms when Fe(CO) 5 is thermolyzed in ammonia from 300 to 600 °C, with surface areas ranging from 9.5 to 13.7 m2/g, whereas orthorhombic Fe3C and cubic Fe are produced at 700, 800, 900 and 1000 °C with surface areas of 6.7, 7.6, 2.2 and 2.0 m2/g, respectively. Within the same phase, the surface areas of the carbonitrides increase with increasing reaction temperature. These iron and molybdenum carbonitrides catalyze the conversion of CO/H2 to alkanes and methanol. Based on preliminary catalytic studies, the highest rate of methane (2850 g/kg/hr at 374 °C) and methanol (440 g/kg/hr at 284 °C) formation was accomplished with an FeMo carbonitride prepared by decomposing Mo(CO)6 and Fe(CO)5 in ammonia at 800 °C.

scholarly journals Lignin Based Activated Carbon Using H3PO4 Activation

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2829
Author(s):  
Zhongzhi Yang ◽  
Roland Gleisner ◽  
Doreen H. Mann ◽  
Junming Xu ◽  
Jianchun Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Dye Adsorption ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

Activated carbon (AC) with a very high surface area of over 2000 m2/g was produced from low sulfur acid hydrotropic lignin (AHL) from poplar wood using H3PO4 at a moderate temperature of 450 °C (AHL-AC6). ACs with similar surface areas were also obtained under the same activation condition from commercial hardwood alkali lignin and lignosulfonate. Initial evaluation of AC performance was carried out using nitrogen adsorption-desorption and dye adsorption. AHL-AC6 exhibited the best specific surface area and dye adsorption performance. Furthermore, the adsorption results of congo red (CR) and methylene blue (MB) showed AHL-AC6 had greater adsorption capacity than those reported in literature. The dye adsorption data fit to the Langmuir model well. The fitting parameter suggests the adsorption is nearly strong and near irreversible, especially for MB. The present study for the first time provided a procedure for producing AC from lignin with Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area >2000 m2/g using low cost and low environmental impact H3PO4 at moderate temperatures.

Carbon Dioxide Sequestration Using Activated Carbon From Agro Waste-Waste Bamboo

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Ayodele ◽  
Victoria Ezeagwula ◽  
Precious Igbokwubiri
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Research Work ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Bet Surface Area

Abstract Bamboo trees are one of the fastest growing trees in tropical rainforests around the world, they have various uses ranging from construction to fly ash generation used in oil and gas cementing, to development of activated carbon which is one of the latest uses of bamboo trees. This paper focuses on development of activated carbon from bamboo trees for carbon capture and sequestration. The need for improved air quality becomes imperative as the SDG Goal 12 and SDG Goal13 implies. One of the major greenhouse gases is CO2 which accounts for over 80% of greenhouse gases in the environment. Eliminating the greenhouse gases without adding another pollutant to the environment is highly sought after in the 21st century. Bamboo trees are mostly seen as agricultural waste with the advent of scaffolding and other support systems being in the construction industry. Instead of burning bamboo trees or using them for cooking in the local communities which in turn generates CO2 and fly ash, an alternative was considered in this research work, which is the usage of bamboo trees to generate activated, moderately porous and high surface area carbon for extracting CO2 from various CO2 discharge sources atmosphere and for water purification. This paper focuses on the quality testing of activated carbon that can effectively absorb CO2. The porosity, pore volume, bulk volume, and BET surface area were measured. The porosity of the activated carbon is 27%, BET surface area as 1260m²/g. Fixed carbon was 11.7%, Volatility 73%, ash content 1.7%.

ChemInform Abstract: High-Surface-Area Oxides Obtained by an Activated Carbon Route.

ChemInform ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 33 (48) ◽  
pp. no-no
Author(s):  
Manfred Schwickardi ◽  
Thorsten Johann ◽  
Wolfgang Schmidt ◽  
Ferdi Schueth
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area

scholarly journals Microporous activated carbon developed from KOH activated biomass waste: surface mechanistic study of methylene blue dye adsorption

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali H. Jawad ◽  
Ahmed Saud Abdulhameed ◽  
Noor Nazihah Bahrudin ◽  
Nurul Nadiah Mohd Firdaus Hum ◽  
S. N. Surip ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Dye Adsorption ◽  
Type I ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Bagasse Waste

Abstract In this work, sugarcane bagasse waste (SBW) was used as a lignocellulosic precursor to develop a high surface area activated carbon (AC) by thermal treatment of the SBW impregnated with KOH. This sugarcane bagasse waste activated carbon (SBWAC) was characterized by means of crystallinity, porosity, surface morphology and functional groups availability. The SBWAC exhibited Type I isotherm which corresponds to microporosity with high specific surface area of 709.3 m2/g and 6.6 nm of mean pore diameter. Further application of SBWAC as an adsorbent for methylene blue (MB) dye removal demonstrated that the adsorption process closely followed the pseudo-second order kinetic and Freundlich isotherm models. On the other hand, thermodynamic study revealed the endothermic nature and spontaneity of MB dye adsorption on SBWAC with high acquired adsorption capacity (136.5 mg/g). The MB dye adsorption onto SBWAC possibly involved electrostatic interaction, H-bonding and π-π interaction. This work demonstrates SBW as a potential lignocellulosic precursor to produce high surface area AC that can potentially remove more cationic dyes from the aqueous environment.

scholarly journals Preparation and characterization of activated carbons from albizia saman pod

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 44-53
Author(s):  
G. D. Akpen ◽  
M. I. Aho ◽  
N. Baba
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Sieve Analysis ◽  
Albizia Saman ◽  
Temperature Surface

Activated carbon was prepared from the pods of Albizia saman for the purpose of converting the waste to wealth. The pods were thoroughly washed with water to remove any dirt, air- dried and cut into sizes of 2-4 cm. The prepared pods were then carbonised in a muffle furnace at temperatures of 4000C, 5000C, 6000C ,7000C and 8000C for 30 minutes. The same procedure was repeated for 60, 90, 120 and 150 minutes respectively. Activation was done using impregnationratios of 1:12, 1:6, 1:4, 1:3, and 1:2 respectively of ZnCl2 to carbonised Albizia saman pods by weight. The activated carbon was then dried in an oven at 1050C before crushing for sieve analysis. The following properties of the produced Albizia saman pod activated carbon (ASPAC) were determined: bulk density, carbon yield, surface area and ash, volatile matter and moisture contents. The highest surface area of 1479.29 m2/g was obtained at the optimum impregnation ratio, carbonization time and temperature of 1:6, 60 minutes and 5000C respectively. It was recommended that activated carbon should be prepared from Albizia saman pod with high potential for adsorption of pollutants given the high surface area obtained.Keywords: Albizia saman pod, activated carbon, carbonization, temperature, surface area

Preparation of activated carbon with high surface area for high-capacity methane storage

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 662-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bingsi Liu ◽  
Wenshuo Wang ◽  
Na Wang ◽  
(Peter) Chak Tong Au
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Methane Storage
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