A Historical Record of Trace Metal Deposition In Northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau For The Last Two Centuries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanying Li ◽  
Weiwei Sun ◽  
Rong Chen ◽  
Zhijie Zhang ◽  
Dongliang Ning ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Trace Metal ◽  
Ferrous Metal ◽  
Historical Record ◽  
Gansu Province ◽  
Pollution History ◽  
Lake Qinghai ◽  
Long Term Trends

Abstract Owing to rapid socio-economic development in China, trace metal emissions have increased and lakes even in remote areas have experienced marked changes in the last century. However, there are limited studies revealing long-term trends, anthropogenic fluxes and spatial characteristics of trace metals in lakes. In this study, we present a geochemical record from Lake Qinghai in the northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and reconstruct trace metal pollution history during the last two centuries. The lacustrine sediment core was dated by 137Cs and 210Pb, and sediments deposited prior to the 1850s were selected as the pre-industrial background. Factor analysis and enrichment factor indicated Cr, Cu and Ni generally originated from natural sources, while Cd, Pb and Zn have been influenced by human contamination since the mid-1980s. The anthropogenic Cd mainly derived from non-ferrous metal smelting in Gansu Province, and fluxes to Lake Qinghai sharply increased after the mid-1980s. The timing is similar to other lake sediment records from China and corresponds well with rapid economic development in China. The spatial pattern of anthropogenic Cd fluxes to lakes is primarily attributed to regional industrial emission, phosphate fertilizers and manure applied in agriculture.

15. Democracies, Democratization, and Authoritarian Regimes

2020 ◽  
pp. 336-362
Author(s):  
Peter Ferdinand
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Authoritarian Regimes ◽  
Short Term ◽  
National Crisis ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Types Of Democracy ◽  
The Face ◽  
Long Term Trends

This chapter focuses on democracies, democratization, and authoritarian regimes. It first considers the two main approaches to analysing the global rise of democracy over the last thirty years: first, long-term trends of modernization, and more specifically economic development, that create preconditions for democracy and opportunities for democratic entrepreneurs; and second, the sequences of more short-term events and actions of key actors at moments of national crisis that have precipitated a democratic transition — also known as ‘transitology’. The chapter proceeds by discussing the different types of democracy and the strategies used to measure democracy. It also reviews the more recent literature on authoritarian systems and why they persist. Finally, it examines the challenges that confront democracy in the face of authoritarian revival.

scholarly journals Long-term trends of dust events over Tibetan Plateau during 1961–2010

2016 ◽  
Vol 125 ◽  
pp. 188-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Litai Kang ◽  
Jianping Huang ◽  
Siyu Chen ◽  
Xin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
Dust Events

The long-term trends (1982–2006) in vegetation greenness of the alpine ecosystem in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

2014 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 1827-1841 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Zhang ◽  
HuaDong Guo ◽  
CuiZhen Wang ◽  
Lei Ji ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Alpine Ecosystem ◽  
Vegetation Greenness ◽  
Long Term Trends

Long-Term Trends in Latin American Economic Development

1992 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 207
Author(s):  
Abraham F. Lowenthal ◽  
Miguel Urrutia
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
Latin American Economic

scholarly journals Investigation of the impact of the project office on the socio-economic development of the municipality

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-172
Author(s):  
Alla Yu. Trusova ◽  
Vladimir I. Aksenov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Scientific Article ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Project Approach ◽  
Regional Development Strategy ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
The Impact

The complexity of the socio-economic situation at all levels requires a detailed study of the regional development strategy issues and monitoring the implementation of presidential and government decrees. Various approaches to management were considered, for example, the national projects development implementation issues. National projecting, as a new tool for implementing state concepts, is an effective management method. The set of the project office functions provides control over the implementation of national projects at the level of development of municipalities of the Russian Federation. Historically, the level of socio-economic development of the territory has been measured and is measured using the identification of long-term trends in the development of key socio-economic indicators. The article presents a methodology that allows you to evaluate the effectiveness of project management tools since based on the results of its assessment, you can make informed management decisions and judge the effectiveness of the work of local authorities. Therefore, the aim of the scientific article was to develop an effective methodology that allows us to evaluate the effectiveness of the project office functions implemented in the management of the socio-economic development of the municipality. As a result of the study, systemic relationships were revealed of the impact of the project office on the indicators of the socio-economic development of the municipality, which was presented in the work as an important aspect of the study, the significance of which is due to the priorities of sustainable, balanced, competitive, integrated development of the Russian regions. In connection with the socio-economic policy pursued by the state, which requires speedy acceleration of the socio-economic development of municipalities, the effectiveness of the result of the application of the project approach in the municipal authorities was studied in detail.

Coronavirus pandemic and trends of economic policy

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-30
Author(s):  
V. A. Mau
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
Monetary Policies ◽  
Long Term Trends

The paper deals with social and economic consequences of COVID-19 in the context of long-term trends of economic development. The current crisis is compared with economic and war cataclysms of 20th—21st centuries. Special attention is paid to types of anti-crisis policies as well as to relations between anti-crisis (short-term) and modernization (medium-term) challenges. The paper discusses the influence of pandemic on budget and monetary policies, trends of globalization, and new approaches to government regulation of economic development.

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