scholarly journals Analysis on the Interference Assembly of Camshaft With Knurled Tube and Cam

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoming Huang ◽  
Weitao Sun ◽  
Xiaoliang Liu ◽  
Yucan Wang ◽  
Jin Xing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Limit ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Thick Wall ◽  
Metal Line ◽  
Exponential Increase ◽  
Cylinder Model ◽  
Metallographic Observation ◽  
Torque Capacity ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Joining Process

Abstract Interference joint is one of the most advanced assembly methods for camshaft. In this paper, the mechanism of camshaft interference assembly is analyzed by thick-wall cylinder model. Joining/tortion experiments are done to estimate the joining force and connection strength. The relationship between the torque capacity, joining force and interference of the camshaft is established by the experiment results. Joining force linear increase with the interference, and torque exponential increase with it. The plastic deformation characteristics of knurled teeth on the tube during the joining process are obtained by metallographic observation. The results reveal the metal line changes continuously of the knurled tube. The knurled tooth tip turns over after joining. And elastic limit would be reached in the extrusion region.

Damage Quantitative Investigation of Beam Structure Based on Changing Ratio of Modal Curvature

2011 ◽  
Vol 255-260 ◽  
pp. 654-658
Author(s):  
Ji Ping Ge
Keyword(s):  
Linear Increase ◽  
Beam Structure ◽  
Quantitative Investigation ◽  
Supporting System ◽  
Damage Recognition ◽  
Modal Curvature ◽  
Damage Extent ◽  
Extent Of Damage ◽  
The Relationship

The changing ratio of modal curvature is proposed for damage recognition, and its ability of damage localization and damage quantitative has been studied in this paper. For testing the effect of damage recognition, two research parameters, the different section rigidity and the scope of damages, are included. And changing rules of the index with structure rigidity, constraints, and structure supporting system have been studied at the same time. The numerical analysis results indicated: The relation of linear increase exists between the changing ratio of modal curvature and the extent of damage, the changing slope of the index is bigger with the increase of damage extent; The boundary condition and the structure supporting system will affect the value of index; In the view of one special structure, case study should be carried to establish the relationship between value of index and the extent of damage.

scholarly journals Influence of muscle length on work from trabecular muscle of frog atrium and ventricle.

1995 ◽  
Vol 198 (10) ◽  
pp. 2221-2227 ◽  
Author(s):  
D A Syme ◽  
R K Josephson
Keyword(s):  
Isometric Force ◽  
Muscle Length ◽  
Work Capacity ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Ventricular Muscle ◽  
Work Output ◽  
Loop Technique ◽  
Work Done ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Work Loop

The work capacity of segments of atrial and ventricular muscle from the frog Rana pipiens was measured as a function of muscle length using the work loop technique. Both the work done during shortening and the work required to re-lengthen the muscle after shortening increased with muscle length. Net work increased with length up to a maximum, beyond which work declined. The optimum sarcomere length for work output was 2.5-2.6 microns for both atrial and ventricular muscle. Isometric force increased with muscle length to lengths well beyond the optimum for work output. Thus, the decline in work at long lengths is not simply a consequence of a reduction in the capacity of heart muscle to generate force. It is proposed that it is the non-linear increase in work required to re-lengthen muscle with increasing muscle length which limits net work output and leads to a maximum in the relationship between net work and muscle length. Extension of the results from muscle strips to intact hearts suggests that the work required to fill the ventricle exceeds that available from atrial muscle at all but rather short ventricular muscle lengths.

Cancer Antigen 1251S Locally Produced in the Peritoneal Cavity during Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis

1994 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ger C.M. Koomen ◽  
Michiel G.H. Betjes ◽  
Oésirée Zemel ◽  
Raymond T. Krediet ◽  
Frans J. Hoek
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Peritoneal Cavity ◽  
Mesothelial Cell ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Mesothelial Cells ◽  
Ca 125 ◽  
Cancer Antigen ◽  
The Relationship

The local production of cancer antigen (CA) 125 in the peritoneal cavity of 14 continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients was studied. In addition, the relationship between the concentration of mesothelial cells and CA 125 in the peritoneal dialysate effluent was examined. The median results and ranges were as follows: plasma CA 125 14 U/mL (range 10 23), dialysate CA 125 18 U/mL (range 5.2 76), dialysate/plasma ratio 1. 9 (range 0.61 -5.4), and number of mesothelial cells 400/mL (range 10 5000). Peritoneal concentrations of mesothelial cellsand CA 125 were positively correlated (r = 0.50, p < 0.01). Using a monoclonal antibody, CA 125-positive cells were found in the cytospin preparations of the cells of dialysis effluents. All these CA 125 positive cells were also positive for cytokeratin used as a mesothelial cell marker. In vitro experiments using mesothelial cells in monolayers showed a linear increase in CA 125 concentration both in time and in relation to the number of mesothelial cells. From these experiments a production rate of 24 U/hour/1 06 cells could be calculated. It is therefore concluded that CA 125 is locally produced in the peritoneal cavity during CAPD and that the mesothelial cells are the major source of this CA 125.

scholarly journals Initiation and growth of microtubules from mitotic centers in lysed mammalian cells.

1975 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 744-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
J A Snyder ◽  
J R McIntosh
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Microtubule Assembly ◽  
Concentration Increase ◽  
Time Dependent Process ◽  
Dependent Process ◽  
Microtubule Protein ◽  
Microtubule Formation ◽  
The Relationship

Metaphase PtK1 cells, lysed into polymerization-competent microtubule protein, maintain a spindle which will gain or lose birefringence depending on the concentration of disassembled tubulin subunits used in the lysis medium. Concentrations of tubulin subunits greater than the equilibrium monomer value promote a rate and extent of birefringence increase that is proportional to the subunit concentration. Increase in spindle birefringence can be correlated with an increase in tubule number, though the relationship is not strictly linear. Increase in spindle tubule number is due to an vivo-like initiation of tubules at the mitotic centers, as well as tubulin addition onto pre-existing spindle fragments. Colcemid-treated prometaphase cells lysed into polymerization-competent tubulin develop large asters in the region of the centrioles and short tubules at kinetochores, making it unlikely that all microtubule formation in lysed cell preparations is dependent on tubulin addition to short tubule fragments. Asters can also form in colcemid-treated prometaphase cells lysed in tubulin that is incapable of spontaneous tubule initiation, suggesting that the centriolar region serves a tubule-initiator function in our lysed cell preparations. The ability of the centriole to initiate microtubule assembly is a time-dependent process-a ripening effect takes place between prophase and late prometaphase. Ripening is expressed by an increase in the number and length of tubules found associated with the centriolar region.

Physiological and metabolic responses as function of the mechanical load in resistance exercise

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Buitrago ◽  
Nicolas Wirtz ◽  
Ulrich Flenker ◽  
Heinz Kleinöder
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Mechanical Load ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Maximum Velocity ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Detectable Effect ◽  
Turnover Rates ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
The Relationship

The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between the mechanical load during resistance exercise and the elicited physiological responses. Ten resistance-trained healthy male subjects performed 1 set of resistance exercise each at 55%, 70%, and 85% of 1 repetition maximum for as many repetitions as possible and in 4 training modes: 4-1-4-1 (4 s concentric, 1 s isometric, 4 s eccentric, and 1 s isometric successive actions), 2-1-2-1, 1-1-1-1, and explosive (maximum velocity concentric). Mean concentric power and total concentric work were determined. Oxygen uptake (V̇O2) was measured during exercise and for 30 min post exercise. Total volume of consumed oxygen (O2 consumed) and excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) were calculated. Maximum blood lactate concentration (LAmax) was also determined. V̇O2 exhibited a linear dependency on mean concentric power. Mean concentric power did not have a detectable effect on EPOC and LAmax. An augmentation of total concentric work resulted in significant linear increase of O2 consumed and EPOC. Total concentric work caused a significant increase in LAmax. In general, a higher mechanical load induced a larger physiological response. An increase in mean concentric power elicited higher aerobic energy turnover rates. However, a higher extent of total concentric work augments total energy cost covered by oxidative and (or) glycolytic pathways.

Analysis on the Characteristics of Pile Skin Friction under the Displacement Interactions between Pile and Soil around

2011 ◽  
Vol 94-96 ◽  
pp. 1858-1863
Author(s):  
Pei Yuan Lin ◽  
Lian Sheng Tang ◽  
Qing Feng Ding
Keyword(s):  
Skin Friction ◽  
Relative Displacement ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Distribution Law ◽  
Difference Function ◽  
Testing Data ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Friction Pile ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Nonlinear Increase

On the basis of analyzing the occurring mechanism of pile skin friction, pile-soil relative displacement difference function is introduced, and the differential equation which depicts the relationship between pile skin friction and depth is derived, then the calculating model of pile skin friction with depth is established under considering the displacement-interaction process. Field monitoring data are employed to verify the rationality and validity of the model proposed. Through the established model, influences, exerted by pile-soil relative displacement difference, on the pile skin friction distribution are discussed and divided into three stages: I. stage of linear increase; II. stage of nonlinear increase; III. stage of convergence. Filed testing data comparing and theoretical analysis results indicate that the method proposed can describe the transferring process as well as the distribution law of pile skin friction under taking the pile-soil interaction into account, the parameters related and needed can be easily obtained, and the model suggested in this paper is of value in pile theory and engineering.

Residual Elastic Strains in Autofrettaged Tubes: Variational Analysis by the Eigenstrain Finite Element Method

2006 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 717-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander M. Korsunsky ◽  
Gabriel M. Regino
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Elastic Limit ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Underlying Distribution ◽  
Residual Strains ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Inelastic Strains ◽  
Elastic Strains

Autofrettage is a treatment process that uses plastic deformation to create a state of permanent residual stress within thick-walled tubes by pressurizing them beyond the elastic limit. The present paper presents a novel analytical approach to the interpretation of residual elastic strain measurements within slices extracted from autofrettaged tubes. The central postulate of the approach presented here is that the observed residual stress and residual elastic strains are secondary parameters, in the sense that they arise in response to the introduction of permanent inelastic strains (eigenstrains) by plastic deformation. The problem of determining the underlying distribution of eigenstrains is solved here by means of a variational procedure for optimal matching of the eigenstrain finite element model to the observed residual strains reported in the literature by Venter et al., 2000, J. Strain Anal., 35, p. 459. The eigenstrain distributions are found to be particularly simple, given by one-sided parabolas. The relationship between the measured residual strains within a thin slice to those in a complete tube is discussed.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF TISSUE BORON CONCENTRATIONS ON DRY MATTER ACCUMULATION IN BROCCOLI

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 861a-861
Author(s):  
John C. Beaulieu ◽  
Dyremple B. Marsh
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Silica Sand ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Leaf Petiole ◽  
Boron Analysis ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

A greenhouse experiment was conducted to examine the relationship between tissue B concentration and dry matter accumulation in broccoli. `Pirate ' was grown in fine silica sand and supplied nutrient solutions containing 0.2, 0.8, 1.4, 2.0, 2.6, 3.2, 3.8, and 4.4 mg·liter-1 B. Plants were sampled for the 5th, 10th, and 15th fully expanded mature leaf, and plant material was collected' for dry matter measurement and boron analysis at each growth stage. The lowest specific leaf weights for the 5th, 10th, and 15th leaves were obtained with the 4.4 mg·liter-1 treatment. At maturity, leaf, petiole stalk, and shoot dry weights were lowest at 4.4 mg·liter-1 B. Treatments supplying less than 3.2 mg· liter-1 B, resulted in a notable decrease in tissue B concentrations from the 5th to the 15th leaf. There was a linear increase' in B concentration in all leaf tissue samples as B treatment increased. At maturity, optimum B concentrations of 531.5, 73.7, 29.8, and 64.6 mg·g-1 were found for the lamina, petiole, stalk, and head, respectively. These concentrations occurred in plants receiving treatment levels of 2.0-3.8 mg·liter-1 B.

scholarly journals Does Public Debt Moderate the Effect of Inflation Rate on Securities Market Returns in Kenya?

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
David John Kapchanga ◽  
Poti Abaja Owili ◽  
Samuel Owino Onyuma
Keyword(s):  
Public Debt ◽  
Stock Prices ◽  
Inflation Rate ◽  
Securities Market ◽  
Market Returns ◽  
Monthly Data ◽  
Exponential Increase ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Investment Portfolios ◽  
The Relationship

While in the last one two decades, Kenya has witnessed increasing levels of public borrowing, both domestic and foreign, economic growth has slowed down and the performance of the securities market has been subdued with falling stock prices. This has prompted stock investors to review and/or realign their investment portfolios. While the inflation rate has been drastically fluctuating, public debt – which is strongly inflationary – has had an exponential increase of about 461 percent between 2008 and 2018. Although Kenya’s level of public debt is approaching unsustainable levels, massive borrowing still continues. Using secondary monthly data obtained from government and securities market databases, this paper analyzed whether public debt moderates the relationship between inflation rate and securities market returns at the Nairobi Securities Exchange. Time series multiple linear regression results show that whereas inflation rate has a statistically significant negative effect on securities market returns, public debt had an insignificant negative effect on securities market returns. More importantly, public debt does not statistically affect the relationship between inflation rate and the securities market in Kenya. Putting in place strategies aimed at reducing inflation as well as public debt can however have the effect of improving securities market performance.

scholarly journals Effect of Lime, Irrigation Water Quality, and Water-soluble Fertilizer on pH and Macronutrient Management of Peat-based Root Media

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 763F-764
Author(s):  
William R. Argo ◽  
John A. Biernbaum
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Hydrated Lime ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Irrigation Water Quality ◽  
Medium Ph ◽  
Root Media ◽  
Soluble Fertilizer ◽  
The Relationship

Impatiens were planted into peat-based media containing two dolomitic liming materials [Ca(OH)2·Mg(OH)2 at 1.8 kg·m–3 or CaCO3·MgCO3 at 8.4 kg·m–3] and subirrigated for 17 weeks using four irrigation water qualities (IWQ) with varied alkalinity, Ca2+, Mg2+, and SO4-S content and three water-soluble fertilizers (WSF) with varied NH4:NO3 ratio, Ca2+, Mg2+, and SO4-S content. After 8 weeks, medium pH ranged from 4.5 to 8.5. Lime type did not affect the long-term increase in medium pH, Ca2+, and Mg2+ concentrations with IWQ/WSF solutions containing low NH4-N and high Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentrations. The carbonate lime did buffer the medium pH, Ca2+, and Mg2+ concentrations with IWQ/WSF solutions containing high NH4-N and low Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentrations. With both lime types, there was a linear increase in tissue Ca and Mg as the applied concentrations increased from 0.5 to 4.0 mol·m–3 Ca2+ and 0.3 to 3.0 mol·m–3 Mg2+ with the various IWQ/WSF. The relationship was similar for both lime types up to week 8, after which tissue Ca and Mg decreased with the hydrated lime and low solution Ca2+ and Mg2+. Relationships were also developed between the applied SO4-S concentration and tissue S and medium pH and tissue P.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document