scholarly journals The expansion of the Universe may be an illusion created by Compton scattering of free electrons

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
GuanFeng Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Compton Scattering ◽  
Doppler Effect ◽  
Free Electrons ◽  
Cosmological Redshift ◽  
Universe Expansion ◽  
Expansion Of The Universe ◽  
Expansion Theory ◽  
The Doppler Effect ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Cosmic Model

Abstract The two most precise gauges of the Universe’s expansion rate have recently been in glaring disagreement. The measurement of the Hubble parameter makes the Universe expansion theory more and more confusing, the cosmological redshift may not only be related to distance but also to other factors, and the expansion of the Universe may be just an illusion. The Compton effect of free electrons and low energy photons has been observed in the laboratory. This paper presents a theory: Free electron Compton scattering (FEC) may produce the illusion of the Universe expansion: Photons interact with a large number of free electrons on their way to us from a distant source. FEC causes photons to redshift (FEC redshift), and the photon beam expands along the propagation direction, these may produce the illusion of cosmic expansion (FEC cosmic model). FEC redshift is independent of wavelength, and proportional to distance and corresponding electron density, consistent with the Doppler effect of the expansion of the Universe. Flare redshift is a common phenomenon, and it is difficult to use the Doppler effect to explain alone, there is evidence of FEC redshift in flare redshift.

scholarly journals The expansion of the Universe may be an illusion created by Compton scattering of free electrons

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
GuanFeng Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Compton Scattering ◽  
Doppler Effect ◽  
Free Electrons ◽  
Cosmological Redshift ◽  
Universe Expansion ◽  
Large N ◽  
Expansion Of The Universe ◽  
Expansion Theory ◽  
The Doppler Effect ◽  
The Universe

Abstract The two most precise gauges of the Universe’s expansion rate have recently been in glaring disagreement. The measurement of the Hubble parameter makes the Universe expansion theory more and more confusing, the cosmological redshift may not only be related to distance but also to other factors, and the expansion of the Universe may be just an illusion. The Compton effect of free electrons and low energy photons has been observed in the laboratory. This paper presents a theory: Free electron Compton scattering (FEC) may produce the illusion of the Universe expansion : Photons interact with a large n umber of free electrons on their way to us from a distant source. FEC causes photons to redshift (FEC redshift), and the photon beam expands along the propagation direction, these may produce the illusion of cosmic expansion (FEC cosmic model). FEC redshift is independent of wavelength, and proportional to distance and corresponding electron density, consistent with the Doppler effect of the expansion of the Universe. Flare redshift is a common phenomenon, and it is difficult to use the Doppler effect to explain alone, there is evidence of FEC redshift in flare redshift.

scholarly journals Free electron Compton scattering produces the illusion of the universe expansion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
GuanFeng Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Compton Scattering ◽  
Free Electron ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Background Radiation ◽  
Free Electrons ◽  
Cosmological Redshift ◽  
Universe Expansion ◽  
Hubble Parameters ◽  
Hubble’S Law ◽  
The Universe

Abstract Because it is consistent with many astronomical phenomena and successfully predicted the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMBR) and cosmic abundance, the theory of universe expansion has been widely recognized by the scientific community. Hubble's law is the foundation of universe expansion theory, but 100 years of observations have shown that Hubble parameters are not constants, and with the improvement of Hubble parameter measurement accuracy, the problem of inconsistent Hubble parameters obtained by different star types and different methods has become more and more difficult to solve. So the cosmological redshift may not only be related to distance but also to other factors, and the universe may not be really expanding. The Compton effect of free electrons and low energy photons has been observed in the laboratory. Photons interact with a large number of free electrons on their way to us from a distant source (free electron Compton scattering FEC). FEC causes photons (plane electromagnetic waves) to redshift, and the photon beam to expand along the propagation direction, these produce the illusion of cosmic expansion, showing the same astronomical phenomena as the expansion of the universe (FEC model).

scholarly journals The expansion of the Universe may be an illusion created by Compton scattering of free electrons

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
GuanFeng Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Compton Scattering ◽  
New Physics ◽  
Precision Measurements ◽  
Free Electrons ◽  
Expansion Factor ◽  
Distant Galaxy ◽  
Cosmological Redshift ◽  
Exponential Expansion ◽  
Expansion Of The Universe ◽  
The Universe

Abstract The high-precision measurements of the Hubble parameter make the theory of cosmic expansion more and more confusing, which bolster the idea that new physics may be needed to explain the mismatch. The cosmological redshift may not only be related to distance but also to other factors. The expansion of the Universe may be just an illusion. The Compton effect of free electrons and low energy photons has been observed in the laboratory. This article proposes a theory: Free electron Compton scattering (FEC) produce the illusion of the Universe exponential expansion: FEC causes photons to redshift (FEC redshift), and the photon beam expands along the propagation direction, that is, the redshift factor is (1 + z); the beam length stretch factor (time dilation of the supernova curve) is (1 + z); the expansion factor of the beam volume is (1 + z)3, and FEC will not be blurred Distant galaxy. The reason for rejecting the “tired light” does not hold in FEC.

scholarly journals Time-varying Doppler Effect formula and its application in Cosmology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Chen
Keyword(s):  
Doppler Effect ◽  
Constant Velocity ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Wave Equations ◽  
Light Emission ◽  
Implicit Assumption ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Cosmological Redshift ◽  
The Doppler Effect ◽  
Hubble’S Law

The Doppler effect for electromagnetic waves results in either a redshift or blueshift of light and is of great use in astronomy. It has been used to measure the speed of stars and galaxies approaching or receding from the earth. Currently, all Doppler effect formulas only work for constant velocities. Hence, the application of the Doppler effect includes the implicit assumption of a constant velocity of the motion during the period from the light emission to measurement. Since the light from remote stars detected from Earth may be from millions of years ago, it is difficult to assume that these stars kept moving at constant velocity for the long period, which may become a potential concern. A time-varying Doppler effect formula is mathematically derived from the principle of constant light speed, which is consistent with the classical and the redshift formulas. This formula is also supported by existing experiments and theoretically proved by Maxwell’s wave equations. The potential application of this time-varying Doppler effect formula in cosmology is discussed with the examples of cosmological redshift and Hubble’s law. The paper shows that the cosmological redshift can be interpreted as a special case of the time-varying Doppler effect. Further discussion between the observed Hubble’s redshift relationship and Hubble’s law may be needed.

scholarly journals The age of our universe

2008 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 313-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Octave Levenspiel
Keyword(s):  
Doppler Effect ◽  
Red Shift ◽  
The Doppler Effect ◽  
The Universe

If we assume that the observed Redshift of starlight is due to the Doppler effect we end up with models of the universe which contradict the basic laws of science. If we assume that the red shift may be due to a tiring of light, an assumption still to be tested, we end up with no contradiction with the laws of science. You the reader must choose.

scholarly journals The Big Bang May Had Never Existed

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Salah A. Mabkhout
Keyword(s):  
Big Bang ◽  
Singular Points ◽  
Cosmological Redshift ◽  
Flat Spacetime ◽  
Hyperbolic Spacetime ◽  
Expansion Of The Universe ◽  
Distance Indicator ◽  
Big Bang Model ◽  
The Big Bang ◽  
The Universe

The main pillar of the Big Bang paradigm is the expansion of the Universe predicted by the cosmological redshift. Singularity is inevitable in the Big Bang model. The Universe is hyperbolic as we did prove mathematically; where the cosmological redshift is no longer a distance indicator. After all, in the hyperbolic spacetime a group of objects would grow apart even when not moving as their worldlines would be divergent. We show the manifold of the hyperbolic Universe is complete with no singular points. While the distance horizon in the Big Bang flat spacetime is finite, the distance horizon is infinite in the hyperbolic universe. The pillars of the big Bang and its consequences had been refuted and disproved or reinterpreted.

The Speeds and Accelerations of the Galaxies Movements According to Redshift Measurements

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Skeivalas ◽  
Eimuntas Parseliunas
Keyword(s):  
Doppler Effect ◽  
Least Square Method ◽  
Systematic Errors ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Signal Frequency ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
Speed Change ◽  
The Doppler Effect ◽  
The Universe

The theoretical presumptions and some experimental calculations to analyse the speeds of the galaxies movements according to redshift measurements applying the Doppler effect are presented. The speed of the galaxy movement is treated as multidimensional continuous value, when values of the speed vector are calculated according to measurements of the redshift parameter z at corresponding moments of the universe lookback time. The most reliable values of the galaxy speeds vector are calculated applying the least square method to the vector of z measurements and including the additional parameters to eliminate the possible systematic errors. The acceleration of the galaxy movement is calculated as a speed fluxion according to period of the adopted redshift signal frequency and as a speed change during the lookback time interval. The expressions of functions of the galaxies speeds and accelerations are received by the polynomial approximation, when values of the polynomial parameters are calculated by the least square method.

Black Hole Universe: a grand cosmic recycler and Big Bang generator?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matheus Pereira Lobo
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Subsequent Increase ◽  
Expansion Of The Universe ◽  
The Universe

We propose the discussion of a highly speculative idea for the scenario where black hole collisions and their subsequent increase in sizes exceed the expansion of the universe.

Cosmological constant

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Kachelriess
Keyword(s):  
Dark Energy ◽  
Cosmological Constant ◽  
Accelerated Expansion ◽  
Vacuum Fluctuations ◽  
Present Epoch ◽  
Modify Gravity ◽  
Expansion Of The Universe ◽  
The Universe

The contribution of vacuum fluctuations to the cosmological constant is reconsidered studying the dependence on the used regularisation scheme. Then alternative explanations for the observed accelerated expansion of the universe in the present epoch are introduced which either modify gravity or add a new component of matter, dubbed dark energy. The chapter closes with some comments on attempts to quantise gravity.

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