scholarly journals Evaluation Of Motor Performance In Cognitively Impaired Elderly Patients With Berg Test: A pilot study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annamaija Sutela ◽  
Timo Kauppila
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Motor Program ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cognitively Impaired ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Verbal Instructions ◽  
Primary Care Hospital ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Normal Cognition

Abstract Objectives We studied whether we can determine a degree of cognitive impairment in which the testing for need of physiotherapy cannot be evaluated without continuous non-verbal instructions in the elderly patients.Present study was a retrospective observational quasi-experimental cohort study performed with patients of geriatric primary care hospital. Fifty-seven aged (>65 years) patients who are aiming to be rehabilitated to home-like facilities participated this study. We compared groups of different levels of cognitive performance (normal cognition, mild, moderate, and severe cognitive impairment) as determined with MiniMental(MMSE)-test by using their motor performance in Berg test.ResultsSeverely cognitively impaired patients (MMSE≤11) were equally able to perform the Berg test as their less cognitively compromised controls if they were continuously advised non-verbally. However, standing without support, sitting without support, reaching forward, watching backwards by turning as well as turning around 360° were too difficult tasks for these patients to be performed without continuous extra assistance given by the physiotherapists. Even the most cognitively impaired patients may be able to perform a motor program in physiotherapy. However, with these patients autonomous exercise is likely to fail and excessive work by physiotherapists is thereby required for their training.

scholarly journals Vitamin B12 supplementation and cognitive scores in geriatric patients having Mild Cognitive Impairment

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Komal Chauhan ◽  
Aditika Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Geriatric Patients ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cognitively Impaired ◽  
Vitamin B12 Supplementation ◽  
Young Old

Background: The Neurodegenerative diseases are increasingly affecting the elderly with a severe impact on their brain health. There is a wide gap in supplementation based studies for increasing the cognition levels of the geriatric population especially in the developing countries like India, which are at extreme risk of developing neurological disorders. Vitamin B12 herein has caught much attention lately for improving the cognitive status. Literature has linked the possibility of alleviating neurological disorders in the elderly with effective vitamin B12 management. Abundant animal and human models have proved that supplementation of vitamin B12 is beneficial for the restoration of cognitive functions. Objective: To supplement vitamin B12 deficient mild cognitively impaired geriatric patients with injectable doses of vitamin B12 followed by impact evaluation. Methods: Screening of the mild cognitively impaired patients was carried out using the Mini-Mental State Examination and Yamaguchi Fox Pigeon Imitation test. Baseline information was elicited from the patients residing in urban Vadodara (a district in the state of Gujarat), India. This included socio-demographic, medical and drug history, anthropometric and physical activity pattern as well as biochemical parameters comprising of serum vitamin B12 and glycated haemoglobin profile. A sub-sample of 60 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) demonstrating severe vitamin B12 deficiency were conveniently enrolled for injectable doses of Vitamin B12 in the dosage of 1,000 μg every day for one week, followed by 1,000 μg every week for 4 weeks & finishing with 1,000 μg for the remaining 4 months. Post six months intervention all the parameters were elicited. Results: Vitamin B12 supplementation resulted in a significant (p<0.001) improvement in the MMSE scores of the patients with a rise of 9.63% in the total patients. Gender-wise division also highlighted a significant increase (p<0.001) in the scores by 6.79% and 12.46% in overall males and females and a 10.20% and 8.24% rise for young-old (60-69 yrs) and old- old (70-85 yrs) categories, respectively. As a result, 27 patients progressed towards the category from the MCI state being assessed by MMSE scores. In the same manner, YGFPIT too demonstrated a 38% increase in normal with 35% males, 42% females, 41% young–old and 31% old-old moving to normal status. Thus, a total number of 28 patients progressed to the normal condition as per YGFPIT.Conclusion: Hence, vitamin B12 supplementation was found significantly effective in placing the serum vitamin B12 of MCI patients from the deficiency state to sufficient levels and in turn increased their performance in MMSE and YFPIT scores. Keywords: Mild Cognitive Impairment, vitamin B12, geriatrics, cognition

Serum Immunoglobulins and Cognitive Status in the Elderly: 1. A Population Study

1980 ◽  
Vol 136 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donna Cohen ◽  
Carl Eisdorfer
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Population Study ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Cognitively Impaired ◽  
Immunological Factors ◽  
A Current ◽  
Age And Sex

SummaryFifty-seven cognitively impaired elderly had significantly elevated serum IgG (P $0.005) and IgA (P $0.01) levels and similar IgM levels, compared to a population of 65 elderly matched for age and sex, who did not manifest cognitive impairment. These findings are compatible with a current hypothesis that immunological factors may be important in the cognitive disorders observed with increasing frequency among the aged.

The Value of Bayes’ Theorem for Interpreting Abnormal Test Scores in Cognitively Healthy and Clinical Samples

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon E. Gavett
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Bayes Theorem ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Cognitively Impaired ◽  
Wechsler Memory Scale ◽  
Base Rates ◽  
Special Groups ◽  
Normal Cognition

AbstractThe base rates of abnormal test scores in cognitively normal samples have been a focus of recent research. The goal of the current study is to illustrate how Bayes’ theorem uses these base rates—along with the same base rates in cognitively impaired samples and prevalence rates of cognitive impairment—to yield probability values that are more useful for making judgments about the absence or presence of cognitive impairment. Correlation matrices, means, and standard deviations were obtained from the Wechsler Memory Scale –4th Edition (WMS-IV) Technical and Interpretive Manual and used in Monte Carlo simulations to estimate the base rates of abnormal test scores in the standardization and special groups (mixed clinical) samples. Bayes’ theorem was applied to these estimates to identify probabilities of normal cognition based on the number of abnormal test scores observed. Abnormal scores were common in the standardization sample (65.4% scoring below a scaled score of 7 on at least one subtest) and more common in the mixed clinical sample (85.6% scoring below a scaled score of 7 on at least one subtest). Probabilities varied according to the number of abnormal test scores, base rates of normal cognition, and cutoff scores. The results suggest that interpretation of base rates obtained from cognitively healthy samples must also account for data from cognitively impaired samples. Bayes’ theorem can help neuropsychologists answer questions about the probability that an individual examinee is cognitively healthy based on the number of abnormal test scores observed. (JINS, 2015,21, 1–9)

scholarly journals The Effect of Low Impact Aerobic Exercise on Elderly with Dementia Cognitive Function

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raden Ayu Tanzila ◽  
Sheilla Yonaka Lindri ◽  
Nindia Rahma Putri
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
State Examination

In the elderly population, at least 10% of those over 65 years old and 50% of those over 80 years old experience a decline in cognitive function that varies from a cognitive decline due to normal aging (age-associated memory impairment/AAMI) to a mild cognitive decline (mild cognitive impairment/MCI) and dementia. Dementia is an intellectual disorder that affects the cognitive function, memory, language function, and visuospatial function that causes irreversible changes. Many studies have stated that lifestyle management in the form of increased physical activity has a protective effect on impaired cognitive functions, inhibits cognitive function decline, and even improves cognitive function in healthy elderly people and elderly with mild cognitive impairment to dementia. Low impact aerobic exercise is a physical activity that is useful and suitable for the elderly. This study aimed to determine the effect of low impact aerobic exercise on the cognitive function of elderly people with dementia. This was a quasi-experimental study with one group pretest-posttest method that involved elderly people from Tresna Werdha Teratai Palembang, South Sumatera, Indonesia who were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria (n=38) from December 2018 to February 2019. Treatment provided was a low impact aerobic exercise 3 times a week for 5 weeks. Dementia was then measured before and after treatment using the Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE). The mean values of gymnastics before the treatment and after the treatment were 18.36±4.559 and 19.69±5.724, respectively. A p value of 0.000 was obtained using the Wilcoxon test. In summary, low impact aerobic exercise influences the cognitive function of the elderly with dementia. PENGARUH SENAM AEROBIK LOW IMPACT TERHADAP FUNGSI KOGNITIF USILA DENGAN DEMENSIAPada usia lanjut (usila), sedikitnya 10% dari yang berusia lebih dari 65 tahun dan 50% dari yang berusia lebih dari 80 tahun mengalami penurunan fungsi kognitif yang bervariasi mulai dari penurunan kognitif karena penuaan normal (age-associate memory impairment/AAMI) serta penurunan kognitif ringan (mild cognitive impairment/MCI) hingga demensia. Demensia adalah gangguan intelektual yang meliputi fungsi kognitif, daya ingat, bahasa, fungsi visuospasial, dan bersifat ireversibel. Banyak studi menyatakan bahwa manajemen gaya hidup berupa peningkatan aktivitas fisik mempunyai efek protektif terhadap gangguan fungsi kognitif, menghambat penurunan fungsi kognitif, serta bahkan meningkatkan fungsi kognitif pada usila yang sehat dan usila dengan penurunan fungsi kognitif ringan sampai demensia. Senam aerobik low impact merupakan aktifitas fisik yang bermanfaat dan cocok diberikan kepada usila. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh senam aerobik low impact terhadap fungsi kognitif usila dengan demensia. Penelitian ini merupakan studi quasi-experimental dengan metode pretest-posttest one group yang melibatkan usila dari Tresna Werdha Teratai Palembang, Sumatera Selatan, Indonesia yang dipilih berdasar atas kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi (n=38) dari bulan Desember 2018 hingga Februari 2019. Perlakuan yang diberikan berupa senam aerobik low impact 3 kali per minggu selama 5 minggu. Demensia kemudian diukur sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan menggunakan Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE). Nilai rerata senam sebelum perlakuan dan setelah perlakuan adalah 18,36±4,559 dan 19,69±5,724 masing-masing. Nilai p=0,000 didapatkan dengan menggunakan Uji Wilcoxon. Simpulan, senam aerobik low impact memengaruhi fungsi kognitif usila dengan demensia.

scholarly journals Association between Physical Activity and Cognitive Function among the Elderly in the Health and Social Centers in Kenitra, Rabat, and Sidi Kacem City (Morocco)

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 117863882110267
Author(s):  
Abdeljalil Talhaoui ◽  
Youssef Aboussaleh ◽  
Ahmed Ahami ◽  
Rachid Sbaibi ◽  
Naima Agoutim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cognitively Impaired ◽  
Gender Education ◽  
Global Physical Activity Questionnaire

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the link between the physical activity (PA) and cognitive function among the elderly in the health and social centers in Kenitra, Rabat, and Sidi Kacem city (Morocco). Materials and methods: This study was conducted among 172 elderly (56.4% men) aged above 60 years (67.53 ± 7.53) in the health and social centers in Kenitra, Rabat, and Sidi Kacem city (Morocco). Cognitive functions were assessed by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) (Normal: MMSE’s score >24 and cognitive impairment (CI): MMSE’s score ⩽ 24). The physical activity (PA) was evaluated using the GPAQ (Global Physical Activity Questionnaire), ranking the elderly by high, moderate, and limited level of PA. The binary logistic regression was performed by the cognitive function (dependent variable), and PA level (independent variable). Results: The elderly people with cognitive impairment (MMSE score <24 tend to practice less walking and cycling activities ( P  =  .005). However no difference was found between normal and cognitively impaired subjects for all other subtypes of PA ( P > .05). The binary logistic regression adjusted for gender, education, profession, pension, depression, and nutritional status reveled that only the moderate level of PA was a protective factor against cognitive impairment compared to limited level (ORa = 0.136, 95% CI: 0.04-0.41) (ORa: Adjusted Odd Ratio; 95% CI: 95% of Confidence Interval). Conclusion: Our finding demonstrates that moderate PA specially walking or cycling is associated with lower risk of cognitive impairment. This indicates that a regular practice of walking or cycling as PA can play an important role for cognitive impairment prevention. And the necessity for further researches to more understands this association.

scholarly journals Lack of Association between Audiogram and Hearing Disability Measures in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia: What Audiogram Does Not Tell You

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 769
Author(s):  
Nattawan Utoomprurkporn ◽  
Joshua Stott ◽  
Sergi Gonzalez Costafreda ◽  
Doris Eva Bamiou
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitively Impaired ◽  
Hearing Disability ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Brain Processing ◽  
Normal Cognition ◽  
Hearing Difficulties ◽  
Hearing Abilities

(1) Introduction: The validity of self-reported hearing disability measures has been assessed using their correlation with the pure-tone average (PTA) hearing loss for non-cognitively impaired adults. However, for people with cognitive impairment, factors in addition to the PTA can play a role in their self-reported difficulties. Patients with cognitive impairment may experience more hearing difficulties due to their brain processing sounds abnormally, irrespective of PTA. (2) Methods: Three groups of hearing aid users who had normal cognition, mild cognitive impairment and dementia were recruited. Self-reported hearing abilities were assessed with the modified Amsterdam inventory for auditory disability (mAIAD) and the speech, spatial and qualities of hearing scale (SSQ). (3) Results: The SSQ and mAIAD scores were highly correlated with each other for all three groups. However, a correlation with objective PTA was found in the normal cognition but not the cognitively impaired groups. Self-reported hearing scores were associated with cognitive scores for the dementia group (4) Discussion: In people with combined cognitive and hearing impairment, PTA alone may be a poor predictor of hearing abilities. Subjective hearing questionnaires together with hearing tests may provide a better understanding of their hearing difficulties.

scholarly journals Screening of cognitive impairment by general internists using two simple instruments

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Ferrari Jacinto ◽  
Sonia Maria Dozzi Brucki ◽  
Claudia Sellitto Porto ◽  
Milton de Arruda Martins ◽  
Ricardo Nitrini
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Cognitively Impaired ◽  
Screening Instruments ◽  
Outpatient Services ◽  
Functional Activities ◽  
General Internists ◽  
Combined Use

ABSTRACT General internists (GIs) tend to overlook cognitive impairment in the elderly. Lack of time to diagnose and/or poor knowledge on how to use screening instruments may be the reasons for this shortcoming. Objectives: To verify the efficacy of simple instruments in the screening of cognitive impairment in elders. Methods: In a previous study, 248 patients aged ≥65 that had been assisted by GIs within outpatient services of a public university hospital in São Paulo, Brazil, were evaluated. The Mini-Mental State Examination and/or the Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (short-IQCODE) were employed to classify patients into probable cognitively impaired cases or otherwise. Other tests and questionnaires were also applied, but were not used to perform this classification. After full assessment and consensus meetings, cases were classified into dementia, cognitively impaired not demented, and without cognitive impairment. In this study, the sensitivity and specificity of the combined use of the category fluency test (CFT) and the Functional Activities Questionnaire (FAQ) was evaluated as if used as screening instruments for the whole sample. Results: The combined use of the CFT and/or FAQ showed sensitivity of 88.3% and specificity of 76.5% in the screening of cognitive impairment for the whole sample. Conclusions: Two simple and easy-to-apply instruments showed high sensitivity and reasonable specificity, and are probably useful for the screening of cognitive impairment in the elderly in outpatient services.

scholarly journals Cognitive impairment is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of elderly population

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nattayaporn Apaijai ◽  
Sirawit Sriwichaiin ◽  
Arintaya Phrommintikul ◽  
Thidarat Jaiwongkam ◽  
Sasiwan Kerdphoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Atp Production ◽  
Blood Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Normal Cognition ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

AbstractCognitive impairment is commonly found in the elderly population. Evidence suggests that mitochondrial function in lymphocytes are potential biomarkers in the progression of neurodegeneration, as peripheral mitochondrial function is associated with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in the elderly population. Therefore, we hypothesize that impaired mitochondrial ATP production and oxidative stress in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are associated with cognitive impairment in the elderly population. Data were collected from 897 participants from the EGAT (The Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand) cohort. The participants were classified to be in the normal cognition group (n = 428) or mild cognitive impairment group (n = 469), according to their MoCA score. The association of mitochondrial function and cognitive status was analyzed by binary logistic regression analysis. MCI participants had higher age, systolic blood pressure, waist/hip ratio, and lower plasma high- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, when compared to the normal cognition group. In addition, estimated glomerular filtration rate were lower in the MCI group than those in the normal cognition group. Collectively, MCI is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction in PBMCs as indicated by decreasing mitochondrial ATP production, increasing proton leak, and oxidative stress, in the elderly population, independently of the possible confounding factors in this study.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document