scholarly journals Cross-sectional study of prevalence and determinants of uncontrolled Hypertension among South African adult residents of Mkhondo municipality

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charity Masilela ◽  
Brendon Pierce ◽  
Oladele Vincent Adeniyi ◽  
Mongi Benjeddou
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
South African ◽  
Primary Healthcare ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Uncontrolled Hypertension ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background: Achieving the blood pressure treatment target in individuals with hypertension is a serious global health challenge. Furthermore, the actual burden of uncontrolled hypertension is poorly understood especially in the developing countries. Therefore, this study comprehensively examined the rate and factors associated with uncontrolled hypertension in individuals receiving care at the primary healthcare facilities in the rural areas of Mkhondo Municipality in the Mpumalanga Province, South Africa.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, individuals attending care for hypertension were recruited from January 2019 to June 2019 at three primary healthcare centres, namely, Piet Retief hospital, Mkhondo town clinic and Thandukukhanya community health centre. Uncontrolled hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥ 140mmHg and diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90mmHg in accordance with the South African Hypertension Society guideline (2014). Multivariate logistic regression (Forward LR method) analysis was used to identify the significant determinants of uncontrolled hypertension.Results: The majority of the participants were; 55 years old and above (69.0%), Zulus (81.2%), non-smokers (84.19%) and had been diagnosed with hypertension for more than a year prior to the study (72.64%). The overall prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension was 56.83% (n=187) with no significant difference between sexes, 57.38% males versus 56.88% females, respectively. In the multivariate logistic regression model analysis after adjusting for confounding variables, obesity (AOR=2.90; 95% CI 1.66-5.05), physical activity (AOR=4.79; 95% CI 2.15-10.65) and HDL-C (AOR=5.66; 95% CI 3.33-9.60) were the significant and independent determinants of uncontrolled hypertension in the cohort.ConclusionThe high rate of uncontrolled hypertension in the study setting, can be largely attributed to obesity, physical activity and dyslipidaemia. Treatment will require the collaborative efforts of individuals, clinicians and health authorities. All these determinants should be addressed decisively so as to achieve the treatment blood pressure targets in the study population.

scholarly journals Sex-Specific Differences in Related Indicators of Blood Pressure in School-Age Children With Overweight and Obesity: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongmei He ◽  
Shujun Yang ◽  
Na Qiu ◽  
Ling Qiao ◽  
Yong Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional

Objective: The objective of this study is to further explore the difference between elevated blood pressure (EBP), elevated pulse pressure (EPP), and elevated mean arterial pressure (EMAP) and obesity in Chinese school-age children by sex.Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study of 935 children between 7 and 12 years old. Overweight and obesity were defined by body mass index and body composition. The multivariate logistic regression and the adjusted population attributable risk were used to assess the effects of obesity on pre-EBP/EBP, EPP, and EMAP. The interactions were used to identify the modification of obese on the relationship between related indicators of blood pressure and height or age.Results: The average age of the children included in the study was 10. Boys with overweight and obesity had higher pre-EBP/EBP, EPP, and EMAP (p < 0.05). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that overweight and obesity had a greater impact on BP and MAP than PP, especially in boys [odds ratio (OR) > 1]. Pre-EBP/EBP in 79% of boys and 76% of girls could be attributable to the visceral fat level. The interaction between BP, PP, MAP, and height or age was modestly increased in children with overweight and obesity, especially in boys.Conclusions: Independent of age and height, obesity not only increases blood pressure, it also increases mean arterial pressure and pulse pressure, and this effect is more pronounced in boys.

scholarly journals Prevalence and determinants of hypertension among students of the University of Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo: a cross-sectional study

1970 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 2854-2862
Author(s):  
Guy I Wanghi ◽  
Paulin B Mutombo ◽  
Ernest K Sumaili
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The University

Background: The 2017 ACC/AHA Guideline categorized blood pressure into 4 levels:normal (SBP<120 and DBP <80mm Hg), elevated (SBP of 120–129 or DBP< 80 mmHg) and stage 1 (SBP of 130–139 or DBP of 80–89 mm Hg) or 2 (SBP≥140 orDBP≥90mmHg). Compared with the JNC7 guideline, the 2017 ACC/AHA guideline recommends using lower SBP and DBP levels to define hypertension.Objective: To determine the prevalence of hypertension as well as associated factors among students of the University of Kinshasa.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at the University of Kinshasa and including 1 281 students aged between 18 and 30. Blood pressure was assessed according to the WHO STEPwise approach, which is a standardized method of data collection, analysis and dissemination for the surveillance of non-communicable diseases in WHO member countries.The Chi-square and Student's t-tests and a multivariate logistic regression analysis have been used to evaluate the results. Statistical analyses were done using IBM SPSS version 21.Results: The prevalence of hypertension according to the guidelines from the 2017 ACC/AHA and the JNC 7 was 26.4 % (CI 95%; 23.9 - 28.9) and 7.3 % (CI 95%; 5.8 -8.8), respectively. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that smoking, alcohol abuse, overweight, male sex, age ≥ 24 years old and low physical activity were associated with hypertension (p < 0.0001).Conclusion: At least one out of four students had hypertension. These data should encourage public health authorities to develop strategies for screening of BP and topromote the adoption of healthy lifestyle in young adults.Keywords: Hypertension, risk factors, student, prevalence.

scholarly journals Impact of valve morphology, hypertension and age on aortic wall properties in patients with coarctation: a two-centre cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. e034853
Author(s):  
Niky Ghorbani ◽  
Vivek Muthurangu ◽  
Abbas Khushnood ◽  
Leonid Goubergrits ◽  
Sarah Nordmeyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Aortic Coarctation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Ascending Aorta ◽  
Uncontrolled Hypertension ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Descending Aorta

ObjectiveWe aimed to investigate the combined effects of arterial hypertension, bicuspid aortic valve disease (BAVD) and age on the distensibility of the ascending and descending aortas in patients with aortic coarctation.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingThe study was conducted at two university medical centres, located in Berlin and London.ParticipantsA total of 121 patients with aortic coarctation (ages 1–71 years) underwent cardiac MRI, echocardiography and blood pressure measurements.Outcome measuresCross-sectional diameters of the ascending and descending aortas were assessed to compute aortic area distensibility. Findings were compared with age-specific reference values. The study complied with the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology statement and reporting guidelines.ResultsImpaired distensibility (below fifth percentile) was seen in 37% of all patients with coarctation in the ascending aorta and in 43% in the descending aorta. BAVD (43%) and arterial hypertension (72%) were present across all ages. In patients >10 years distensibility impairment of the ascending aorta was predominantly associated with BAVD (OR 3.1, 95% CI 1.33 to 7.22, p=0.009). Distensibility impairment of the descending aorta was predominantly associated with arterial hypertension (OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.08 to 7.2, p=0.033) and was most pronounced in patients with uncontrolled hypertension despite antihypertensive treatment.ConclusionFrom early adolescence on, both arterial hypertension and BAVD have a major impact on aortic distensibility. Their specific effects differ in strength and localisation (descending vs ascending aorta). Moreover, adequate blood pressure control is associated with improved distensibility. These findings could contribute to the understanding of cardiovascular complications and the management of patients with aortic coarctation.

scholarly journals Unmet Healthcare Needs and Associated Factors in Rural and Suburban Vietnam: A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (17) ◽  
pp. 6320
Author(s):  
Ju Young Kim ◽  
Dae In Kim ◽  
Hwa Yeon Park ◽  
Yuliya Pak ◽  
Phap Ngoc Hoang Tran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Healthcare Needs ◽  
Unmet Healthcare Needs

The purpose of this study was to examine the current utilization of healthcare services, exploring unmet healthcare needs and the associated factors among people living in rural Vietnam. This cross-sectional study was conducted with 233 participants in a rural area. The methods included face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire, and anthropometric and blood pressure measurements. We considered participants to have unmet health needs if they had any kind of health problem during the past 12 months for which they were unable to see a healthcare provider. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the factors associated with unmet healthcare needs. Of the participants, 18% (n = 43) had unmet healthcare needs, for reasons like transportation (30%), a lack of available doctors or medicine (47%), and communication issues with healthcare providers (16%). The multivariate logistic regression showed that living in a rural area, having stage 2 hypertension, and having insurance were associated with unmet healthcare needs. To better meet the healthcare needs in rural or suburban areas of Vietnam, allocation of adequate healthcare resources should be distributed in rural areas and insurance coverage for personalized healthcare needs might be required. Efforts should focus on availability of medicine, improvement of transportation systems, and communication skills of healthcare providers to improve access to healthcare services.

scholarly journals Relationship between obesity indices and hypertension among middle-aged and elderly populations in Taiwan: a community-based, cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. e031660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yen-An Lin ◽  
Ying-Jen Chen ◽  
Yu-Chung Tsao ◽  
Wei-Chung Yeh ◽  
Wen-Cheng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Elderly Populations ◽  
Obesity Indices ◽  
Northern Taiwan

ObjectiveObesity and hypertension (HTN) have become increasingly prevalent in Taiwan. People with obesity are more likely to have HTN. In this study, we evaluated several anthropometric measurements for the prediction of HTN in middle-aged and elderly populations in Taiwan.DesignCross-sectional observational study.SettingCommunity-based investigation in Guishan Township of northern Taiwan.ParticipantsA total of 396 people were recruited from a northern Taiwan community for a cross-sectional study. Anthropometrics and blood pressure were measured at the annual health exam. The obesity indices included body mass index (BMI), body fat (BF) percentage and waist circumference (WC).Outcome measuresStatistical analyses, including Pearson’s correlation, multiple logistic regression and the area under ROC curves (AUCs) between HTN and anthropometric measurements, were used in this study.ResultsOf the 396 people recruited, 200 had HTN. The age-adjusted Pearson’s coefficients of BMI, BF percentage and WC were 0.23 (p<0.001), 0.14 (p=0.01) and 0.26 (p<0.001), respectively. Multiple logistic regression of the HTN-related obesity indices showed that the ORs of BMI, BF percentage and WC were 1.15 (95% CI 1.08 to 1.23, p<0.001), 1.07 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.11, p<0.001) and 1.06 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.08, p<0.001), respectively. The AUCs of BMI, BF percentage and WC were 0.626 (95% CI 0.572 to 0.681, p<0.001), 0.556 (95% CI 0.500 to 0.613, p=0.052) and 0.640 (95% CI 0.586 to 0.694, p<0.001), respectively.ConclusionsWC is a more reliable predictor of HTN than BMI or BF percentage. The effect of abdominal fat distribution on blood pressure is greater than that of total BF amount.

scholarly journals Prevalence and correlates of overweight and obesity among adolescents in northeastern China: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. e036820
Author(s):  
Ruixin Duan ◽  
Changgui Kou ◽  
Jing Jie ◽  
Wei Bai ◽  
Xiaoxin Lan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Northeastern China ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Changchun City

ObjectivesTo estimate the prevalence of overweight/obesity among adolescents and evaluate the associated factors in this group in Changchun City in northeastern China.MethodsA cross-sectional study of 1955 adolescents aged 11–18 years was conducted in Changchun City using stratified cluster sampling. Parents and caregivers of children completed the questionnaires as requested without objection. The questionnaire included demographic characteristics and anthropometric parameters. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to analyse the relationship between overweight/obesity and related factors.ResultsIn total, the prevalence of overweight was 12.7% (male 17.4%; female 10.1%) and of obesity was 4.9% (male 8.8%; female 3.1%) in Changchun, Jilin Province. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was higher in boys than in girls (p<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression showed that overweight and obesity were significantly associated with male sex (OR=1.91, 95% CI 1.48 to 2.47), eating fresh fruits more than 2 days per week (OR=1.41, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.84) and eating quickly (OR=1.37, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.78). Students who were not picky (OR=0.69, 95% CI 0.53 to 0.90) were less likely to be overweight, and adolescents whose father was overweight or obese (OR=0.67, 95% CI 0.52 to 0.86) or whose mother was overweight or obese (OR=0.72, 95% CI 0.52 to 0.99) were less likely to be overweight.ConclusionThe prevalence of overweight and obesity among adolescents in Changchun has been high in recent years, and the prevalence was higher among boys than among girls. Sex, dietary habits (weekly frequency of fruit consumption, picky eating and slowness in eating) and parental weight were important factors for overweight and obesity in adolescents. Further research should be conducted on the health of adolescents in China, and further intervention measures should be implemented to reduce the prevalence of overweight/obesity.

scholarly journals Cardiometabolic risk in children and adolescents: mediation analysis of crosssectional study. [Riesgo cardiometabólico en niños y adolescentes: análisis de mediación de un estudio transversal].

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (65) ◽  
pp. 204-220
Author(s):  
Noelia González-Gálvez ◽  
◽  
Jose Carlos Ribeiro ◽  
Jorge Mota ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mean Blood Pressure ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fitness Level

The aims of this study were a) to assess whether obesity acts as a mediator between i) cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and mean blood pressure; and ii) between between physical activity (PA) and mean blodd pressure in children and adolescents. A cross-sectional study was conducted with a 632 children and adolescents. It was measured mean blood pressure, body mass index, fat mass and waist circumference. CRF and PA was assessing with Course Navette test and ActiGraph. The analysis of the mediation was performed using Process macro for SPSS. The results indicate that obesity acts as a partial mediation in the association between CRF and mean blood pressure in 10-12 years old children (z=from -5.81 to -5.40; all p˂0.000). These results indicate that obesity acts as a complete mediator in the association between PA and mean blood pressure in 10-12 years old children (z=from -4.49 to -1.94; all p˂0.000). Our result reinforces the relevance of prevent weight increse and improve cardiorespiratory fitness level since erly age in children and adolescents to prevent high mean blood pressure. Increasing the level of physical activity can influence on obesity and cardiorespiratory fitness.

scholarly journals Serum albumin was negatively associated with diabetic peripheral neuropathy in Chinese population: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pijun Yan ◽  
Qian Tang ◽  
Yuru Wu ◽  
Qin Wan ◽  
Zhihong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Peripheral Neuropathy ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chinese Patients ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Previous studies that explored the relationship of serum albumin with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) have indicated inconsistent results. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluated the association between serum albumin and DPN, defined as vibration perception threshold (VPT) values ≥ 25 V and/or inability to feel the monofilament, in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods 1465 T2DM patients aged ≥ 16 years, who completed the measurement of serum albumin and DPN screening between 2012 and 2015, were included in the cross-sectional study. Correlation and multivariate logistic regression analysis models were used to evaluate the possible relationship between serum albumin and DPN. Results Patients with higher quartiles of serum albumin had significantly lower VPT values and prevalence of DPN compared with those with lower quartiles (P for trend < 0.01), and there was an inverse relationship between serum albumin and VPT values and prevalence of DPN (all P < 0.01). Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the risk of DPN was progressively decreased across serum albumin quartiles (P for trend < 0.01), and participants in the highest quartile of serum albumin were at a significantly decreased risk of DPN compared to those in the lowest quartile (odds rate: 0.311, 95% confidence intervals 0.134–0.724, P < 0.01). ROC analysis revealed that the optimal cutoff point of serum albumin for the prevalence of DPN was 39.95 g/L in patients with T2DM, with a sensitivity of 65.88% and a specificity of 66.7%. Conclusions Decreased levels of serum albumin might be correlated with increased risk of DPN in Chinese patients with T2DM. Future longitudinal studies with large samples are warranted to confirm our findings, and elucidate putative mechanisms for the association.

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