scholarly journals Molecular epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 clusters caused by asymptomatic cases in Anhui Province, China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
yuan yuan ◽  
Jun He ◽  
Lei Gong ◽  
Weiwei Li ◽  
Liangliang Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Asymptomatic Infection ◽  
Droplet Spreading ◽  
Close Link ◽  
Spike Gene ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
Asymptomatic Infections ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Abstract Background: COVID-19 is a newly emerging disease caused by a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), which spread globally in early 2020. Asymptomatic carriers of the virus contribute to the propagation of this disease, and the existence of asymptomatic infection has caused widespread fear and concern in the control of this pandemic. Methods: In this study, we investigated the origin and transmission route of SARS-CoV-2 in Anhui’s two clusters, analyzed the role and infectiousness of asymptomatic patients in disease transmission, and characterized the complete spike gene sequences in the Anhui strains. Results: We conducted an epidemiological investigation of two clusters caused by asymptomatic infections sequenced the spike gene of viruses isolated from 12 patients. All cases of the two clusters we investigated had clear contact histories, both from Wuhan, Hubei province. The viruses isolated from two outbreaks in Anhui were found to show a genetically close link to the virus from Wuhan. In addition, new single nucleotide variations were discovered in the spike gene. Conclusions: Both clusters may have resulted from close contact and droplet-spreading and asymptomatic infections were identified as the initial cause. We also analyzed the infectiousness of asymptomatic cases and the challenges to the current epidemic to provided information for the development of control strategies.

scholarly journals Molecular epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 clusters caused by asymptomatic cases in Anhui Province, China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
yuan yuan ◽  
Jun He ◽  
Lei Gong ◽  
Weiwei Li ◽  
Liangliang Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Asymptomatic Infection ◽  
Droplet Spreading ◽  
Close Link ◽  
Spike Gene ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
Asymptomatic Infections ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Abstract Background: COVID-19 is a newly emerging disease caused by a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), which spread globally in early 2020. Asymptomatic carriers of the virus contribute to the propagation of this disease, and the existence of asymptomatic infection has caused widespread fear and concern in the control of this pandemic.Methods: In this study, we investigated the origin and transmission route of SARS-CoV-2 in Anhui’s two clusters, analyzed the role and infectiousness of asymptomatic patients in disease transmission, and characterized the complete spike gene sequences in the Anhui strains.Results: We conducted an epidemiological investigation of two clusters caused by asymptomatic infections sequenced the spike gene of viruses isolated from 12 patients. All cases of the two clusters we investigated had clear contact histories, both from Wuhan, Hubei province. The viruses isolated from two outbreaks in Anhui were found to show a genetically close link to the virus from Wuhan. In addition, new single nucleotide variations were discovered in the spike gene.Conclusions: Both clusters may have resulted from close contact and droplet-spreading and asymptomatic infections were identified as the initial cause. We also analyzed the infectiousness of asymptomatic cases and the challenges to the current epidemic to provided information for the development of control strategies.

scholarly journals Molecular epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 clusters caused by asymptomatic cases in Anhui Province, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Yuan ◽  
Jun He ◽  
Lei Gong ◽  
Weiwei Li ◽  
Liangliang Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Asymptomatic Infection ◽  
Droplet Spreading ◽  
Close Link ◽  
Spike Gene ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
Asymptomatic Infections ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Abstract Background COVID-19 is a newly emerging disease caused by a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), which spread globally in early 2020. Asymptomatic carriers of the virus contribute to the propagation of this disease, and the existence of asymptomatic infection has caused widespread fear and concern in the control of this pandemic. Methods In this study, we investigated the origin and transmission route of SARS-CoV-2 in Anhui’s two clusters, analyzed the role and infectiousness of asymptomatic patients in disease transmission, and characterized the complete spike gene sequences in the Anhui strains. Results We conducted an epidemiological investigation of two clusters caused by asymptomatic infections sequenced the spike gene of viruses isolated from 12 patients. All cases of the two clusters we investigated had clear contact histories, both from Wuhan, Hubei province. The viruses isolated from two outbreaks in Anhui were found to show a genetically close link to the virus from Wuhan. In addition, new single nucleotide variations were discovered in the spike gene. Conclusions Both clusters may have resulted from close contact and droplet-spreading and asymptomatic infections were identified as the initial cause. We also analyzed the infectiousness of asymptomatic cases and the challenges to the current epidemic to provided information for the development of control strategies.

scholarly journals Molecular epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 clusters caused by asymptomatic cases in Anhui Province, China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
yuan yuan ◽  
Jun He ◽  
Lei Gong ◽  
Weiwei Li ◽  
Liangliang Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Asymptomatic Infection ◽  
Droplet Spreading ◽  
Close Link ◽  
Spike Gene ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
Asymptomatic Infections ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Abstract Background: COVID-19 is a newly emerging disease caused by a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), which spread globally in early 2020. Asymptomatic carriers of the virus contribute to the propagation of this disease, and the existence of asymptomatic infection has caused widespread fear and concern in the control of this pandemic. Methods: In this study, we investigated the origin and transmission route of SARS-CoV-2 in Anhui’s two clusters, analyzed the role and infectiousness of asymptomatic patients in disease transmission, and characterized the complete spike gene sequences in the Anhui strains. Results: We conducted an epidemiological investigation of two clusters caused by asymptomatic infections sequenced the spike gene of viruses isolated from 12 patients. All cases of the two clusters we investigated had clear contact histories, both from Wuhan, Hubei province. The viruses isolated from two outbreaks in Anhui were found to show a genetically close link to the virus from Wuhan. In addition, new single nucleotide variations were discovered in the spike gene. Conclusions: Both clusters may have resulted from close contact and droplet-spreading and asymptomatic infections were identified as the initial cause. We also analyzed the infectiousness of asymptomatic cases and the challenges to the current epidemic to provided information for the development of control strategies.

scholarly journals Molecular Epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 Clusters Caused by Asymptomatic Cases in Anhui Province, China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
yuan yuan ◽  
Jun He ◽  
Lei Gong ◽  
Weiwei Li ◽  
Liangliang Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Asymptomatic Infection ◽  
Droplet Spreading ◽  
Close Link ◽  
Spike Gene ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
Asymptomatic Infections ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Abstract Background: COVID-19 is a newly emerging disease caused by a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), which spread globally in early 2020. Asymptomatic carriers of the virus contribute to the propagation of this disease, and the existence of asymptomatic infection has caused widespread fear and concern in the control of this pandemic. Methods: In this study, we investigated the origin and transmission route of SARS-CoV-2 in Anhui’s two clusters, analyzed the role and infectiousness of asymptomatic patients in disease transmission, and characterized the complete spike gene sequences in the Anhui strains. Results: We conducted an epidemiological investigation of two clusters caused by asymptomatic infections sequenced the spike gene of viruses isolated from 12 patients. All cases of the two clusters we investigated had clear contact histories, both from Wuhan, Hubei province. The viruses isolated from two outbreaks in Anhui were found to show a genetically close link to the virus from Wuhan. In addition, new single nucleotide variations were discovered in the spike gene. Conclusions: Both clusters may have resulted from close contact and droplet-spreading and asymptomatic infections were identified as the initial cause. We also analyzed the infectiousness of asymptomatic cases and the challenges to the current epidemic to provided information for the development of control strategies.

scholarly journals The clinical characteristics and treatment approaches of COVID-19: a concise review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajjad Eslamkhah ◽  
Nazila Alizadeh ◽  
Khalil Hajiasgharzadeh ◽  
Masoud Eslamkhah ◽  
Ahad Mokhtarzadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Concise Review ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

A series of cases of pneumonia occurred in China in late 2019. For this type of coronavirus, the WHO formally identified the condition as a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). They announced that this disease is the recent main concern of health problems in the world. Transfer of this novel coronavirus (nCoV) from human to human exists predominantly among family members, who have close contact with each other. This review article is provided based on the recent findings of COVID-19, which were retrieved by searching PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science until December 2020. Here, we highlighted the coronaviruses types, COVID-19 symptoms, epidemiology of the disease, transmission ways, and nCoV related pneumonia pathogenesis and continue with characteristic features and treatment methods. While no approved treatments are available for this type of infection therapy but several drugs may have potential benefits. It seems that identifying the detailed characteristics of the novel coronavirus disease offers the foundation for further research into the production of effective anti-COVID-19 drugs and vaccines.

scholarly journals COVID-19 in South Korea: The Need for Preemptive Tests from the Perspective of Asymptomatic Infections

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Insuk Sim ◽  
Yun-Jung Kang ◽  
Hye Jeong Kim
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Asymptomatic Infection ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Korean Government ◽  
First Case ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
The Social ◽  
Asymptomatic Infections

The first case of coronavirus disease reported in South Korea was a person infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), who entered South Korea from China on January 20, 2020. In the Capital, the Korean government applied the social distancing policy at level 2.5 for 8 days from August 30 to September 6, 2020. The Central Disease Relief Center explained that the reason the number of newly confirmed cases per day did not fall below 100 was because the infection spread nationwide through sporadic mass infections or asymptomatic patients. Asymptomatic infection with SARS-CoV-2 is a subject of constant controversies, as asymptomatic patients can infect other people while not showing any symptoms themselves. Their atypical clinical characteristics in the early stages of the disease make prevention more difficult. Additional studies on the infecting power of SARS-CoV-2 in asymptomatic cases are needed. Nonetheless, such probabilities should be taken into consideration and we should remain vigilant.

scholarly journals Epidemiological characteristics and the effectiveness of countermeasures to control coronavirus disease 2019 in Ningbo City, China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuying Lao ◽  
Li Luo ◽  
Zhao Lei ◽  
Ting Fang ◽  
Yi Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attack Rate ◽  
Asymptomatic Infection ◽  
Assessment Data ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Imported Cases ◽  
Asymptomatic Infections ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
High Disease Burden

Abstract Background: A novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has spread widely and led to high disease burden around the world. This study aimed to explore key parameters of SARS-CoV-2 infection and to assess the effectiveness of interventions to control the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).Methods: A susceptible – exposed – infectious – asymptomatic – recovered (SEIAR) model was developed for the assessment. Data of symptomatic and asymptomatic infection of SARS-CoV-2 were collected to calculate the key parameters of the model in Ningbo City, China.Results: A total of 157 confirmed COVID-19 cases (including 51 imported cases and 106 secondary cases) and 30 asymptomatic infections were reported in Ningbo City. The proportion of asymptomatic has an increasing trend. The proportion of asymptomatic of elder people was lower than younger people, and the difference was statistical significant (Fisher’s Exact Test, P = 0.034). There were 22 clusters associated with 167 SARS-CoV-2 infections, among which 29 cases were asymptomatic, with a proportion of 17.37%. We found that the secondary attack rate of asymptomatic was almost the same as that of symptomatic cases, and no significance was observed (χ2 = 1.350, P = 0.245) by Kruskal-Wallis test. The effective reproduction number (Reff) was 1.43 which revealed that the transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 was moderate. If the interventions were not strengthened, the duration of the outbreak would last about 16 months with a simulated attack rate of 44.15%. The total attack rate and duration of the outbreak would increase along with the increasing delay of intervention.Conclusions: SARS-CoV-2 had moderate transmissibility in Ningbo City, China. Asymptomatic infection has the same transmissibility as symptomatic. The integrated interventions were implemented at different stages during the outbreak, which found to be exceedingly effective in China.

scholarly journals Techniques of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy—Do We Need to Change Anything?

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
pp. 55-58
Author(s):  
Prakash Zacharias ◽  
Hasim Ahamed
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Endoscopy ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
World Health ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

AbstractNovel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread to different parts of the world and was declared a pandemic by World Health Organization (WHO). Health care workers are at increased risk of contracting the disease due to their nature of work and close contact with the patients. Staff in endoscopy need to be aware of this risk due to the aerosol-generating nature of procedures and the presence of virus particles in stool samples of infected persons. The risk of asymptomatic patients spreading the disease is also a cause for concern. This article intends to provide guidance and recommendations for techniques and practice of gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy to prevent infection in endoscopy unit.

scholarly journals A proposed two-stage quarantine containment scheme against spreading of novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2)

2020 ◽  
pp. 1420326X2096215
Author(s):  
W. K. Chow ◽  
C. L. Chow
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Cruise Ship ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
Targeted Screening ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is spreading rapidly all over the world with over 23 million infected near the end of August 2020. There are also asymptomatic patients (APs) who are difficult to identify, but they are infectious and believed to be one of the transmission sources. No specific medicine, no vaccine and even no reliable quick identification tests on SARS-CoV-2 are available yet. Workable safety management must be implemented to stop such global pandemic resulting from disease transmission, including those infected through APs. A two-stage containment scheme is proposed with quarantining people into units within blocks. The units inside a block is to be open after being closed for quarantine for an agreed period such as 14 days. The blocks would then be sealed for another period before opening. Argument of the proposal was supported by a simple mathematical approach with parameters deduced from observations on a cruise ship to estimate the infection constant. The proposed containment scheme is believed to be effective in controlling the spreading of SARS-CoV-2 and identifying APs by a more targeted screening test for the suspected group with a more acceptable environment at the second stage of containment.

scholarly journals A precision medicine approach to managing 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minjin Wang ◽  
Yanbing Zhou ◽  
Zhiyong Zong ◽  
Zongan Liang ◽  
Yu Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Precision Medicine ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Causal Organism ◽  
West China Hospital ◽  
West China ◽  
Genetic Sequence ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Strong Ability

Abstract In December 2019, several patients with pneumonia of an unknown cause were detected in Wuhan, China. On 7 January 2020, the causal organism was identified as a new coronavirus, later named as the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). Genome sequencing found the genetic sequence of 2019-nCoV homologous to that of severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus. As of 29 January 2020, the virus had been diagnosed in more than 7000 patients in China and 77 patients in other countries. It is reported that both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients with 2019-nCoV can play a role in disease transmission via airborne and contact. This finding has caused a great concern about the prevention of illness spread. The clinical features of the infection are not specific and are often indistinguishable from those of other respiratory infections, making it difficult to diagnose. Given that the virus has a strong ability to spread between individuals, it is of top priority to identify potential or suspected patients as soon as possible—or the virus may cause a serious pandemic. Therefore, a precision medicine approach to managing this disease is urgently needed for detecting and controlling the spread of the virus. In this article, we present such an approach to managing 2019-nCoV-related pneumonia based on the unique traits of the virus recently revealed and on our experience with coronaviruses at West China Hospital in Chengdu, China.

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