scholarly journals Interspecific Potato Somatic Hybrids Between Solanum Malmeanum and S. Tuberosum Provide Valuable Resources for Freezing-Tolerance Breeding

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Tu ◽  
Jianke Dong ◽  
Ying Zou ◽  
Qinghao Zhao ◽  
Haibo Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Freezing Tolerance ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Somatic Hybridization ◽  
Somatic Hybrids ◽  
Freezing Stress ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
Regenerated Plants ◽  
Breeding Resources ◽  
First Time

Abstract Freezing stress affects the geographic distribution, growth, and development of potato, resulting in loss of its yield. Solanum malmeanum , a diploid wild species with strong freezing tolerance, was fused with a freezing sensitive dihaploid S. tuberosum by somatic hybridization. In our study, 980 calli were obtained, and 248 differentiate shoots from the calli. Parental-specific SSR markers were used to analyze the chromosome composition of the randomly selected 80 regenerated plants, resulting in 51 somatic hybrids. Among them, 44 somatic hybrids were tested with ploidy analysis in the years 2016 and 2020. During subculture, the genomic ploidy levels changed due to the composition of the unstable chromosome in 56.82% of the somatic hybrids. Compared with the cultivated parent, somatic hybrids showed better freezing tolerance. After freezing-tolerant somatic hybrids were selected to backcross with cultivars, we obtained some valuable breeding resources with enhanced freezing tolerance while similar tuberization capacity close to cultivars. The correlation analysis shows that freezing tolerance has no relation with tuberization capacity, which indicates that they are controlled by independent genetic loci. In all, we successfully conducted the protoplast fusion between S. malmeanum and S. tuberosum for the first time, which provided valuable resources for freezing-tolerant breeding.

Comportement méiotique chez des plantes de Luzerne (Medicago sativa) provenant d'une expérience de fusion somatique

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joëlle Coulaud ◽  
Sonja Siljak-Yakovlev ◽  
Evelyne Téoulé
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Hybridization ◽  
Somatic Hybrids ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Large Array ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
Regenerated Plants ◽  
Additional Chromosome ◽  
Abnormal Cells ◽  
Mode Of Production

The meiotic behaviour of two tetraploid (2n = 32) clones of alfalfa and their progenies, issued from sexual reproduction (2n = 32) or somatic hybridization (2n = 64, 48, 32… ), has been studied. Meiosis, in all the plants, always displays perturbations, but they have limited consequences on the production and viability of pollen in parents and sexual hybrids. Somatic hybrids and plants issued from protoplast fusions within one clone are octoploids (2n = 64) and produce a large array of abnormal tetrads, giving rise to variable ploidy levels in pollen grains. Most of the pollen remains viable. One of the somatic hybrids lost a set of chromosomes and became hexaploid (2n = 48) after propagation by cuttings. Its meiosis is strongly disturbed and produces many abnormal cells. However, the amount of viable pollen remains high. All the other plants obtained by somatic hybridization are tetraploid and not like the hybrid type, but falcata. One of them is hyperaneuploid (2n = 33) and the additional chromosome does not seem to be eliminated during meiosis: 50% of the young pollen may contain 17 chromosomes. Another plant, which was octoploid and then became tetraploid, frequently produces abnormal pollen with reduced viability. Most of the regenerated plants look like one of the parents. Interestingly, some of the plants, which are unique in terms of their mode of production and their characteristics, are not only male-fertile, but also likely to supply a very varied assortment of gametes. The introduction of the fertile plants in breeding programs is expected.

Retrotransposon-based markers from potato monoploids used in somatic hybridization

Genome ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 492-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon J. Lightbourn ◽  
John G. Jelesko ◽  
Richard E. Veilleux
Keyword(s):  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Expressed Sequence Tag ◽  
Somatic Hybridization ◽  
Somatic Hybrids ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Potato Genome ◽  
Regenerated Plants ◽  
Deleterious Genes ◽  
Expressed Sequence

In an attempt to remove lethal and deleterious genes and enhance the heterozygosity of the potato genome, we developed several diverse somatic hybrids through the electrofusion of selected monoploids. Somatic hybrids and somaclones resulting from fused and unfused protoplasts, respectively, were verified with microsatellites. Molecular markers anchored in the Tst1 retrotransposon were used to examine polymorphisms in the regenerated plants and to reveal any somaclonal variation. Inter-retrotransposon amplified polymorphism (IRAP) and retrotransposon display (sequence-specific amplified polymorphism (S-SAP), anchored in a retransposon) were examined on an ALFexpress DNA sequencer. Because of inconsistencies in the number and quality of bands revealed by the combination of either class of marker in combination with the ALFexpress, we cloned and sequenced 11 S-SAP bands to use as restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) probes in Southern blot analyses of genetic relationships in our potato populations and among related Solanaceae. Readily scorable bands (n = 27) that separated somatic hybrids from parental monoploids and somaclones and grouped monoploids according to known genetic relationships were produced. Some of the probes could be used to differentiate tomato and Datura from potato. Sequence analysis of 5 cloned IRAP and 11 cloned S-SAP markers confirmed that they were anchored in the Tst1 retrotransposon. BLAST searches within GenBank produced 10 highly significant hits (5 nucleotide, 4 expressed sequence tag (EST), and 1 protein) within closely related Solanaceae, suggesting that Tst1 represents an old retroelement that was inserted before the diversion of genera within Solanaceae; however, most sequences were undescribed.

scholarly journals Brassinolide Enhances the Level of Brassinosteroids, Protein, Pigments, and Monosaccharides in Wolffia arrhiza Treated with Brassinazole

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1311
Author(s):  
Magdalena Chmur ◽  
Andrzej Bajguz
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Synthetic Inhibitor ◽  
Wolffia Arrhiza ◽  
First Time

Brassinolide (BL) represents brassinosteroids (BRs)—a group of phytohormones that are essential for plant growth and development. Brassinazole (Brz) is as a synthetic inhibitor of BRs’ biosynthesis. In the present study, the responses of Wolffia arrhiza to the treatment with BL, Brz, and the combination of BL with Brz were analyzed. The analysis of BRs and Brz was performed using LC-MS/MS. The photosynthetic pigments (chlorophylls, carotenes, and xanthophylls) levels were determined using HPLC, but protein and monosaccharides level using spectrophotometric methods. The obtained results indicated that BL and Brz influence W. arrhiza cultures in a concentration-dependent manner. The most stimulatory effects on the growth, level of BRs (BL, 24-epibrassinolide, 28-homobrassinolide, 28-norbrassinolide, catasterone, castasterone, 24-epicastasterone, typhasterol, and 6-deoxytyphasterol), and the content of pigments, protein, and monosaccharides, were observed in plants treated with 0.1 µM BL. Whereas the application of 1 µM and 10 µM Brz caused a significant decrease in duckweed weight and level of targeted compounds. Application of BL caused the mitigation of the Brz inhibitory effect and enhanced the BR level in duckweed treated with Brz. The level of BRs was reported for the first time in duckweed treated with BL and/or Brz.

scholarly journals The Halophyte Halostachys caspica AP2/ERF Transcription Factor HcTOE3 Positively Regulates Freezing Tolerance in Arabidopsis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fangliu Yin ◽  
Youling Zeng ◽  
Jieyun Ji ◽  
Pengju Wang ◽  
Yufang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Freezing Tolerance ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Extreme Temperature ◽  
Freezing Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Transcription Factor Gene ◽  
Factor Gene ◽  
Halostachys Caspica

The APETALA2 (AP2) and ethylene-responsive element-binding factor (ERF) gene family is one of the largest plant-specific transcription factor gene families, which plays a critical role in plant development and evolution, as well as response to various stresses. The TARGET OF EAT3 (TOE3) gene is derived from Halostachys caspica and belongs to the AP2 subfamily with two AP2 DNA-binding domains. Currently, AP2 family mainly plays crucial roles in plant growth and evolution, yet there are few reports about the role of AP2 in abiotic stress tolerance. Here, we report HcTOE3, a new cold-regulated transcription factor gene, which has an important contribution to freezing tolerance. The main results showed that the expression of HcTOE3 in the H. caspica assimilating branches was strongly induced by different abiotic stresses, including high salinity, drought, and extreme temperature (heat, chilling, and freezing), as well as abscisic acid and methyl viologen treatments. Overexpressing HcTOE3 gene (OE) induced transgenic Arabidopsis plant tolerance to freezing stress. Under freezing treatment, the OE lines showed lower content of malondialdehyde and electrolyte leakage and less accumulation of reactive oxygen species compared with the wild type. However, the survival rates, antioxidant enzyme activities, and contents of osmotic adjustment substance proline were enhanced in transgenic plants. Additionally, the OE lines increased freezing tolerance by up-regulating the transcription level of cold responsive genes (CBF1, CBF2, COR15, COR47, KIN1, and RD29A) and abscisic acid signal transduction pathway genes (ABI1, ABI2, ABI5, and RAB18). Our results suggested that HcTOE3 positively regulated freezing stress and has a great potential as a candidate gene to improve plant freezing tolerance.

Biosynthetic and cytological studies in tissue cultures and regenerated plants of haploid Atropa belladonna

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (21) ◽  
pp. 2781-2784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Eapen ◽  
T. S. Rangan ◽  
M. S. Chadha ◽  
M. R. Heble
Keyword(s):  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Haploid Plant ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Atropa Belladonna ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
Total Alkaloids ◽  
Regenerated Plants ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Alkaloid Contents

Tissue cultures have been established from leaves of one anther-derived haploid plant of Atropa belladonna L. Regenerants obtained from callus cultures were transferred to soil and reared to maturity. Callus cells and regenerants exhibited variable degrees of ploidy. The frequency of different ploidy levels in both the systems did not vary significantly during fifth to eighth serial passages.Callus tissue and regenerated plants (at flowering stage) were analyzed to determine the concentration of tropine, atropine, scopolamine, and total alkaloids. While the alkaloid content in callus cultures was very low (0.8 × 10−3%), the regenerated plants contained different levels of individual and total alkaloids. The ploidy of the plant had direct bearing on the individual and total alkaloid contents.

scholarly journals Caipira sweet orange + Rangpur lime: a somatic hybrid with potential for use as rootstock in the Brazilian citrus industry

2000 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 661-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Januzzi Mendes-da-Glória ◽  
Francisco de Assis Alves Mourão Filho ◽  
Luis Eduardo Aranha Camargo ◽  
Beatriz Madalena Januzzi Mendes
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Hybrid ◽  
Leaf Morphology ◽  
Somatic Hybrids ◽  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Citrus Industry ◽  
Rangpur Lime ◽  
Rapd Profile ◽  
Hybrid Plants ◽  
Regenerated Plants

Protoplast culture following polyethylene glycol-induced fusion resulted in the regeneration of somatic hybrid plants between Caipira sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) and Rangpur lime (C. limonia L. Osbeck). The plants were confirmed as somatic hybrids by leaf morphology, chromosome number and RAPD profile. All regenerated plants were tetraploid (2n = 4x = 36), with intermediate leaf morphology and complementary RAPD banding profile of both parents. This combination may be useful as a rootstock for the citrus industry in Southeastern Brazil since this somatic hybrid could combine the drought tolerance and vigor of Rangpur lime with the blight tolerance of Caipira sweet orange.

Knowledge-Sharing Behavior for the Growth and Development of Library and Information Science Professionals

2020 ◽  
pp. 173-199
Author(s):  
Md. Maidul Islam ◽  
Sadia Afroze
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Sharing ◽  
Professional Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Information Science ◽  
Library And Information Science ◽  
Survey Questionnaire ◽  
Knowledge Sharing Behavior ◽  
Academic Information ◽  
First Time ◽  
Sharing Behavior

The main goal of this chapter is to assess knowledge sharing (KS) behavior among Library and Information Science (LIS) professionals and to assess how KS behavior contributes to professional growth and development in Bangladesh. Defining factors may encourage knowledge sharing behavior and can establish an important area of further LIS research. A modified survey questionnaire is developed and used to collect data on professionals' demographic and academic information, perception, attitude, intention, and intrinsic motivation to share knowledge. The authors found a significant relationship between the attitude of professionals toward KS and their intention to share knowledge. It is believed that the findings will help knowledge managers charged with the design of flexible KS system. This is the first time an effort will be made to assess professionals' perception on KS behavior in Bangladesh. The authors feel that this study may encourage the establishment of KS behavior in Bangladesh and beyond.

CsSWEET1a and CsSWEET17 Mediate Growth and Freezing Tolerance by Promoting Sugar Transport across the Plasma Membrane

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (9) ◽  
pp. 1669-1682
Author(s):  
Lina Yao ◽  
Changqing Ding ◽  
Xinyuan Hao ◽  
Jianming Zeng ◽  
Yajun Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Freezing Tolerance ◽  
Sugar Transport ◽  
Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation ◽  
Freezing Stress ◽  
Sugar Uptake ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Alternatively Spliced ◽  
Germination And Growth ◽  
Two Hybrid

Abstract Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporters (SWEETs) are important in plant biological processes. Expression levels of CsSWEET1a and CsSWEET17 are induced by cold acclimation (CA) and cold stress in Camellia sinensis. Here, we found that CsSWEET17 was alternatively spliced, and its exclusion (Ex) transcript was associated with the CA process. Both plasma membrane-localized CsSWEET1a and CsSWEET17 transport hexoses, but cytoplasm-localized CsSWEET17-Ex does not. These results indicate that alternative splicing may be involved in regulating the function of SWEET transporters in response to low temperature in plants. The extra C-terminal of CsSWEET17, which is not found in the tonoplast fructose transporter AtSWEET17, did not affect its plasma membrane localization but promoted its sugar transport activities. The overexpression (OE) of CsSWEET1a and CsSWEET17 genes resulted in an increased sugar uptake in Arabidopsis, affecting plant germination and growth. The leaf and seed sizes of the CsSWEET17-OE lines were significantly larger than those of the wild type. Moreover, the OE of CsSWEET1a and CsSWEET17 significantly reduced the relative electrolyte leakage levels under freezing stress. Compared with the wild type, the expression of AtCWINV genes was suppressed in both CsSWEET1a-OE and CsSWEET17-OE lines, indicating the alteration in sugar contents in the cell walls of the OE lines. Furthermore, the interaction between CsSWEET1a and CsSWEET17 was confirmed using yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays. We showed that CsSWEET1a and CsSWEET17 form homo-/heterodimers in the plasma membrane and mediate the partitioning of sugars between the cytoplasm and the apoplast, thereby regulating plant growth and freezing tolerance.

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