scholarly journals Brassinolide Enhances the Level of Brassinosteroids, Protein, Pigments, and Monosaccharides in Wolffia arrhiza Treated with Brassinazole

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1311
Author(s):  
Magdalena Chmur ◽  
Andrzej Bajguz
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Synthetic Inhibitor ◽  
Wolffia Arrhiza ◽  
First Time

Brassinolide (BL) represents brassinosteroids (BRs)—a group of phytohormones that are essential for plant growth and development. Brassinazole (Brz) is as a synthetic inhibitor of BRs’ biosynthesis. In the present study, the responses of Wolffia arrhiza to the treatment with BL, Brz, and the combination of BL with Brz were analyzed. The analysis of BRs and Brz was performed using LC-MS/MS. The photosynthetic pigments (chlorophylls, carotenes, and xanthophylls) levels were determined using HPLC, but protein and monosaccharides level using spectrophotometric methods. The obtained results indicated that BL and Brz influence W. arrhiza cultures in a concentration-dependent manner. The most stimulatory effects on the growth, level of BRs (BL, 24-epibrassinolide, 28-homobrassinolide, 28-norbrassinolide, catasterone, castasterone, 24-epicastasterone, typhasterol, and 6-deoxytyphasterol), and the content of pigments, protein, and monosaccharides, were observed in plants treated with 0.1 µM BL. Whereas the application of 1 µM and 10 µM Brz caused a significant decrease in duckweed weight and level of targeted compounds. Application of BL caused the mitigation of the Brz inhibitory effect and enhanced the BR level in duckweed treated with Brz. The level of BRs was reported for the first time in duckweed treated with BL and/or Brz.

Cannabisin G from Sinomenium acutum Induces Apoptosis in Human Glioblastoma Cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 823-828
Author(s):  
Dianbao Zhang ◽  
Chunhe Li ◽  
Bo Li ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
Zaixing Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Dapi Staining ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Migration Assay ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Sinomenium Acutum ◽  
Current Therapies ◽  
Human Gbm ◽  
First Time

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and lethal primary malignant tumor in human central nervous system, current therapies depend on surgical resection, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The poor prognosis drives us to discover more potential natural products. Cannabisin G is a lignanamide with different effects on different cancer cells, but its effects on GBM cells are still unclear. In this study, cannabisin G was isolated from dried stem of Sinomenium acutum (Thunb.) Rehd. et Wils. by solvent extraction and various chromatographic methods for the first time. It was characterized by 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR. The human GBM cell U87 and U251 were used to investigate the bioactivities of cannabisin G. By CCK-8 assay, cannabisin G was found to significantly inhibit cell viabilities in a concentration-dependent manner. The cell migration was also remarkably blocked by cannabisin G, which was determined by transwell migration assay. Further, apoptotic changes were observed in nucleus morphology upon the treatment with cannabisin G by DAPI staining. To explore the underling mechanisms, MAPKs phosphorylation was detected by western blotting and the activation of MAPKs was found to be involved in the inhibitory effect on GBM cells. In summary, cannabisin G isolated from Sinomenium acutum (Thunb.) Rehd. et Wils. for the first time, was found to induce apoptosis in GBM cells, partly through the activation of MAPKs.

scholarly journals Продуктивність і технологічні якості коренеплодів буряка цукрового залежно від позакореневого внесення регулятора росту «Марс-1»

2013 ◽  
pp. 14-18
Author(s):  
С. В. Філоненко
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
First Time ◽  
Modern Technologies

Регулятори росту і розвитку рослин стають важ-ливою складовою сучасних технологій вирощування сільськогосподарських культур. Автором вивчено закономірності впливу позакореневого внесення регу-лятора росту «Марс-1» на формування врожайності та якості коренеплодів буряка цукрового гібриду Іва-нівсько-Веселоподільський ЧС 84. Рекомендовано застосовувати «Марс-1» двічі: перший раз – у фазі чотирьох пар справжніх листків, другий – перед змиканням листя у міжряддях. Доза для кожного внесення – 0,8 л/га. Regulators of plant growth and development are an important part of modern technologies of agricultural crops. The author studied the regularities of foliar application of growth regulator “Mars -1” on the formation of yield and quality of sugar beet roots hybrid Ivanivsko-Veselopodilskyy - 84. It is recommended to apply “Mars-1” twice: the first time – in the phase of four pairs of true leaves, in the second – before closing the leaves between rows. The dose for each entry – 0,8 l / ha.

scholarly journals Arabidopsis glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein LLG1 associates with and modulates FLS2 to regulate innate immunity

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (22) ◽  
pp. 5749-5754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiujing Shen ◽  
Gildas Bourdais ◽  
Huairong Pan ◽  
Silke Robatzek ◽  
Dingzhong Tang
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Plant Immunity ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Pathogen Invasion ◽  
Molecular Patterns

Plants detect and respond to pathogen invasion with membrane-localized pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and activate downstream immune responses. Here we report that Arabidopsis thaliana LORELEI-LIKE GPI-ANCHORED PROTEIN 1 (LLG1), a coreceptor of the receptor-like kinase FERONIA, regulates PRR signaling. In a forward genetic screen for suppressors of enhanced disease resistance 1 (edr1), we identified the point mutation llg1-3, which suppresses edr1 disease resistance but does not affect plant growth and development. The llg1 mutants show enhanced susceptibility to various virulent pathogens, indicating that LLG1 has an important role in plant immunity. LLG1 constitutively associates with the PAMP receptor FLAGELLIN SENSING 2 (FLS2) and the elongation factor-Tu receptor, and forms a complex with BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1-ASSOCIATED RECEPTOR KINASE 1 in a ligand-dependent manner, indicating that LLG1 functions as a key component of PAMP-recognition immune complexes. Moreover, LLG1 contributes to accumulation and ligand-induced degradation of FLS2, and is required for downstream innate immunity responses, including ligand-induced phosphorylation of BOTRYTIS-INDUCED KINASE 1 and production of reactive oxygen species. Taken together, our findings reveal that LLG1 associates with PAMP receptors and modulates their function to regulate disease responses. As LLG1 functions as a coreceptor of FERONIA and plays central roles in plant growth and development, our findings indicate that LLG1 participates in separate pathways, and may suggest a potential connection between development and innate immunity in plants.

Adrenomedullin inhibits angiotensin II-induced oxidative stress via Csk-mediated inhibition of Src activity

2007 ◽  
Vol 292 (4) ◽  
pp. H1714-H1721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Liu ◽  
Tatsuo Shimosawa ◽  
Hiromitsu Matsui ◽  
Fanyin Meng ◽  
Scott C. Supowit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Cardiovascular Damage ◽  
Cgrp Receptor Antagonist ◽  
First Time

We have demonstrated that adrenomedullin (AM) protects against angiotensin II (ANG II)-induced cardiovascular damage through the attenuation of increased oxidative stress observed in AM-deficient mice. However, the mechanism(s) that underlie this activity remain unclear. To address this question, we investigated the effect of AM on ANG II-stimulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in cultured rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). ANG II markedly increased ROS production through activation of NADPH oxidase. This effect was significantly attenuated by AM in a concentration-dependent manner. This effect was mimicked by dibutyl-cAMP and blocked by pretreatment with N-[2-(p-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide hydrochloride (H-89), a protein kinase A inhibitor, and CGRP8–37, an AM/CGRP receptor antagonist. This inhibitory effect of AM was also lost following the expression of a constitutively active Src. Moreover, AM intersected ANG II signaling by inducing COOH-terminal Src kinase (Csk) activation that, in turn, inhibits Src activation. These data, for the first time, demonstrate that AM attenuates the ANG II-induced increase in ROS in VSMCs via activation of Csk, thereby inhibiting Src activity.

scholarly journals XBAT31 regulates thermoresponsive hypocotyl growth through mediating degradation of the thermosensor ELF3 in Arabidopsis

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (19) ◽  
pp. eabf4427
Author(s):  
Lin Lin Zhang ◽  
Yu Jian Shao ◽  
Lan Ding ◽  
Mei Jing Wang ◽  
Seth Jon Davis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
26S Proteasome ◽  
Warm Temperature ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Protein Activity ◽  
Hypocotyl Growth ◽  
Growth Promoting

Elevated ambient temperature has wide effects on plant growth and development. ELF3, a proposed thermosensor, negatively regulates protein activity of the growth-promoting factor PIF4, and such an inhibitory effect is subjected to attenuation at warm temperature. However, how ELF3 stability is regulated at warm temperature remains enigmatic. Here, we report the identification of XBAT31 as the E3 ligase that mediates ELF3 degradation in response to warm temperature in Arabidopsis. XBAT31 interacts with ELF3, ubiquitinates ELF3, and promotes ELF3 degradation via the 26S proteasome. Mutation of XBAT31 results in enhanced accumulation of ELF3 and reduced hypocotyl elongation at warm temperature. In contrast, overexpression of XBAT31 accelerates ELF3 degradation and promotes hypocotyl growth. Furthermore, XBAT31 interacts with the B-box protein BBX18, and the XBAT31-mediated ELF3 degradation is dependent on BBX18. Thus, our findings reveal that XBAT31-mediated destruction of ELF3 represents an additional regulatory layer of complexity in temperature signaling during plant thermomorphogenesis.

Mechanisms of ethylene biosynthesis and response in plants

2015 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 61-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul B. Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽  
Unsaturated Hydrocarbon ◽  
Flower Senescence ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Step Process ◽  
Ethylene Response ◽  
Ethylene Signalling

Ethylene is the simplest unsaturated hydrocarbon, yet it has profound effects on plant growth and development, including many agriculturally important phenomena. Analysis of the mechanisms underlying ethylene biosynthesis and signalling have resulted in the elucidation of multistep mechanisms which at first glance appear simple, but in fact represent several levels of control to tightly regulate the level of production and response. Ethylene biosynthesis represents a two-step process that is regulated at both the transcriptional and post-translational levels, thus enabling plants to control the amount of ethylene produced with regard to promotion of responses such as climacteric flower senescence and fruit ripening. Ethylene production subsequently results in activation of the ethylene response, as ethylene accumulation will trigger the ethylene signalling pathway to activate ethylene-dependent transcription for promotion of the response and for resetting the pathway. A more detailed knowledge of the mechanisms underlying biosynthesis and the ethylene response will ultimately enable new approaches to be developed for control of the initiation and progression of ethylene-dependent developmental processes, many of which are of horticultural significance.

Response of Poinsettia Growth and Development to Ratio of Radiant to Thermal Energy

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 508e-508
Author(s):  
Bin Liu ◽  
Royal D. Heins
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Model Simulation ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Daily Light Integral ◽  
Highly Correlated

A concept of ratio of radiant to thermal energy (RRT) has been developed to deal with the interactive effect of light and temperature on plant growth and development. This study further confirms that RRT is a useful parameter for plant growth, development, and quality control. Based on greenhouse experiments conducted with 27 treatment combinations of temperature, light, and plant spacing, a model for poinsettia plant growth and development was constructed using the computer program STELLA II. Results from the model simulation with different levels of daily light integral, temperature, and plant spacing showed that the RRT significantly affects leaf unfolding rate when RRT is lower than 0.025 mol/degree-day per plant. Plant dry weight is highly correlated with RRT; it increases linearly as RRT increases.

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