scholarly journals Student and Foundation Year Pharmacist Performance in the ‘UK Prescribing Safety Assessment’

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ailsa Power ◽  
Derek Stewart ◽  
Gail Craig ◽  
Anne Boyter ◽  
Fiona Reid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Global Policy ◽  
Medical Graduates ◽  
Diagnostic Skills ◽  
Policy Direction ◽  
Total Psa ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Method Of Assessment ◽  
Better Than

Abstract BackgroundIncreasingly the global policy direction is for patient-facing pharmacist prescribers. The ‘UK Prescribing Safety Assessment’ (PSA) was developed for medical graduates to demonstrate prescribing competencies in relation to the safe and effective use of medicines.ObjectivesTo determine PSA performance of final year undergraduate student pharmacists (year 4) and pre-registration pharmacy graduates (year 5) and explore their opinions on its suitability. SettingScotland, UKMethodsFinal year undergraduates (n= 238) and pharmacy pre-registration graduates (n= 167) were briefed and undertook the PSA. PSA questions were mapped to specific thematic areas with 30 questions over 60 minutes. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics. A questionnaire was completed to gauge opinions on appropriateness of the PSA.Main Outcome Measure PSA scoresResultsMean total PSA score for pre-registration graduates (64.4, SD 10) was significantly higher than for undergraduates (51.2, SD 12.0,) (p<0.001). Pre-registration graduates performed significantly better across all question areas (all p<0.001 other than ‘adverse drug reactions’, p<0.01). Hospital pre-registration graduates performed statistically significantly better than community with higher overall scores (67.4, SD 9.8 v 63.2, SD 9.8, p<0.05). Positive views on the appropriateness of the approach and the usability of the online interface were obtained from participants. ConclusionHospital graduates performed better than the undergraduates, but there is a need to improve prescribing skills in all, most notably in diagnostic skills. The PSA is acceptable to the participants. These results will help inform pharmacy curricula development and provides a cross-disciplinary method of assessment of prescribing competence.

scholarly journals Same useful fixative from resin in Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 088-094
Author(s):  
Le Huy Hai ◽  
Le Mai Xuan Truc ◽  
Nguyen Quoc Trung
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Natural Resin ◽  
Volatile Solvents ◽  
Canarium Album ◽  
Agarwood Resin ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Method Of Assessment ◽  
Aquilaria Crassna ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Better Than

Today, fixatives from natural raw materials are gradually replacing fixatives synthesized from chemicals. The arm of this research is the study of same useful resin in Vietnam for fixative substance in blending fragrance. We obtained Benzoin resin from Styrax tonkenensis Pierre plant in Ha Giang province, Canarium resin from Canarium Album L. in Dak Nong district, Dak Lak province, and Agarwood pulp of Aquilaria crassna plant in Binh Thuan province Vietnam. The material used in the experiment for the natural fragrance was taken from the project of Vietnam essential oils and related natural products. The method of this process is resin extraction by volatile solvents. The resin is dissolved in alcohol 96% and the distilled alcohol is removed to obtain absolute. The method of assessment of product quality in this study is using the olfactory to assess the odour of samples over time. Benzoin resin, Canarium resin, and Agarwood resin of Vietnam are useful fixatives in blending fragrance. The fixative ability of Benzoin resin absolute is not equal to the ability of Agarwood resin absolute but better than the ability of Canarium resin absolute. Through research and experiment, we can see Benzoin resin, Canarium resin and Agarwood resin are precious. They can be used as a good fixative in aromatherapy. This is a natural resin, a kind of resource available in Vietnam. Therefore, it is recommended for further research, exploitation, and effective use of this resource.

Delivering fuel poverty objectives within the context of globalised energy markets

2017 ◽  
pp. 85-102
Author(s):  
Carolyn Snell
Keyword(s):  
Lower Energy ◽  
Energy Markets ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Global Energy ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Efficiency Measures ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
Policy Direction ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Energy Companies

This chapter explores claims made by policy makers in the UK that, despite having no control over global energy markets, existing policy protects households vulnerable to fuel poverty through the regulation of commercial energy suppliers and specific policies that provide cash transfers and energy-efficiency measures. Keeping energy prices low is an essential part of the UK government's approach to fuel poverty alleviation, but this task is a complex one in which the steering capacity of the nation-state often seems weak and its capacity hollowed out. This is exacerbated by a neoliberal policy direction that funds environmental and social policy measures through charges on energy bills rather than through tax-funded programmes. The chapter then argues that existing policy has been somewhat contradictory in its view of the government's power to steer energy markets. While the Department for Energy and Climate Change suggested that the UK has no control over the global energy market, this does not match political rhetoric, which has emphasised the importance of increasing domestic energy security in order to spread risk and reduce dependence on politically unstable fossil fuel-producing states, and has also seen political pressure placed on the six main energy companies to lower energy charges to consumers.

Safety Assessment of New Nuclear Power Stations in the UK

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-33
Author(s):  
Andrew R Curran ◽  
David M Watson
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Power Stations ◽  
The Uk

scholarly journals THE SCORPIONS LOSE THEIR STING: Challenges to incorporation of the DSO into the SAPS

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Minnaar
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
New South ◽  
Modus Operandi ◽  
Special Operations ◽  
South African Police Service ◽  
Direct Contrast ◽  
South African Police ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Better Than ◽  
The Way

While it would appear that the motivations to incorporate the Directorate of Special Operations (DSO) or Scorpions into a new South African Police Service directorate are largely politically driven, there are a number of practical obstacles standing in the way of a ‘smooth’ incorporation. Foremost among these is the manner of operations of the Scorpions, the way that they investigate certain crimes by means of prosecution-led teams, and their more effective use of intelligence-driven crime information. This is diametrically opposed to the SAPS investigation modus operandi, which is largely reactive. Furthermore, many of the Scorpions investigators, representing as they do a vast pool of built up experience and expertise, do not want to serve in the SAPS under the latter’s investigating regime. Other sticking points would be the fact that they are paid infinitely better than SAPS detectives, are better funded and resourced, have a far lighter case load (and one shared in a team) – all in direct contrast to members of the SAPS.

scholarly journals Does Public Service Television Really Give Consumers Less Good Value for Money than the Rest of the Market?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Barwise
Keyword(s):  
Public Service ◽  
Policy Implication ◽  
Value For Money ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
The Public ◽  
Consumer Value ◽  
Consumer Benefits ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Tv Commercial ◽  
Better Than

This chapter explores the assumption that public service television (PST), i.e. BBC TV, commercial public service broadcasters (PSBs), and non-PSBs, offers less consumer value for money than the rest of the market in the UK; that the only continuing rationale for PST rests on citizen concerns. It shows that PST does give citizens public service benefits over and above those provided by the non-PSBs and online-only TV players, and these ‘citizenship’ benefits are highly valued by the public. PST also offers consumers better value for money because the non-PSBs' significantly higher cost per viewer-hour seems unlikely to be compensated for by commensurately higher audience appreciation. The main policy implication is simple: there is no necessary trade-off between citizen and consumer benefits: pound for pound, PST appears to deliver both sets of benefits better than the rest of the market.

Issues of the Risk-Based Approach

2022 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 84-92
Author(s):  
E. Yu. Kolesnikov ◽  
F. Vasileios
Keyword(s):  
Safety Management ◽  
Risk Indicators ◽  
Inductive Method ◽  
Interval Approach ◽  
Object Area ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Method Of Assessment ◽  
Method Analysis ◽  
Total Damage ◽  
Adequate Method

The purpose of the article was to analyze the problems currently standing in the way of more effective application of the risk-based approach methodology in the field of technogenic safety management. Methods — theoretical, inductive method, analysis of own experience, adopted normative legal acts, other publications. The main results of the work include the following: • despite the broadest use of the concept of “risk” in the field of technogenic safety management, there is no generally accepted interpretation of it to date; • often the evaluative concept of “risk” is mistakenly used instead of objectively existing risk factors; • quantifiably technogenic risk should be characterized by indicators of numerical nature, having vector objects, since two components should be indicated for the complete assignment of the indicator: the probability and the amount of damage; • experience shows that the methods of assessing the probabilistic component of risk indicators recommended by regulatory documents on the analysis and quantification of technogenic risk are accompanied by a very large uncertainty, therefore, instead of the traditional point statement, a more adequate method of assessment is the use of an interval approach that takes into account and allows quantifying this uncertainty; • the analysis showed that the so-called frequency approach, which is most often used to assess the probabilistic component of technogenic risk indicators, is used improperly, has no basis, since, as a rule, the phenomenon of statistical stability is not observed in the object area of the technosphere, there are no general aggregates; • in society and even among specialists, by now there is no understanding of the need to express all three components of damage from an accident (explosion/fire) in monetary terms, without which it is impossible to estimate and express the amount of total damage: —  in conclusion, four key problems that hinder the more effective use of the risk-based approach methodology in the field of technogenic safety management are listed; —  imperfection of the existing methodological base for the analysis and quantitative assessment of technogenic risk; — the problem of staffing in the field of technogenic risk management; — lack of national criteria for acceptable risk; —  complete disregard of the problem of uncertainty of the results of the COR, the lack of methodological support for the procedure of analysis and quantification of this uncertainty. Conclusion — the efforts of the entire community of specialists-researchers, legislators, practitioners engaged in various aspects of the problem of technosphere safety management are necessary to solve the tasks specified in the article.

Haemato- oncology and malignancy

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stevan R. Emmett ◽  
Nicola Hill ◽  
Federico Dajas-Bailador
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Unknown Primary ◽  
Diagnostic Strategies ◽  
Diagnostic Skills ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
General Improvement ◽  
After Cancer ◽  
The Uk

Cancer is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in the United Kingdom (UK), affecting approximately two out of every five people during their lifetime. In 2015 there was an estimated 2.5 million people in the UK who had had a cancer diagnosis, an increase of almost half a million in the previous 5 years. The proportion of people living longer after cancer is increasing, and the number of people alive more than 5 years from initial diagnosis is predicted to more than double between 2010 and 2030 to 2.7 million. By the end of 2020, more than a thousand people would have been diagnosed with cancer every day in the UK. Cancer can affect all organs of the body with over 200 types identified. However, only a small number of cancer types account for most cases. Over half of all new diagnoses are due to four cancers (in order of frequency)— breast, pros­tate, lung, and bowel. In 2011 there were approximately 50 000 new diagnoses of breast cancer in the UK. The in­cidence of cancer diagnosis is increasing year on year, in part due to improving diagnostic skills, but also because of an increasing elderly population. Cancer of unknown primary origin accounts for about 3% of total cancers. Although UK statistics show a general improvement in the 5-year survival rates for the majority of common cancers, some have not shown any notable improvement. Survival is not only determined by the type of cancer, but also the age at diagnosis, stage, and co- morbidities such as heart, pulmonary, and renal disease, which can affect the treatment regimen. As well as this, certain cancers carry a significantly worse prognosis than others. For example, 10- year survival for pancreatic and lung cancer are 1% and 5%, respectively. In comparison, the 10- year survival for testicular cancer is over 98% and almost 90% in skin con­fined melanoma. Newer diagnostic strategies are expected to detect all cancers early, allowing prompt intervention, and improving both morbidity and mortality rates further. Cancer is a product of mutations in genes involved in controlling cell growth, differentiation, and death (apop­tosis).

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