scholarly journals The Development or Exacerbation of an Autoimmune Disorder Associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection: a Systematic Review of Case Reports

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuno Gonçalves ◽  
Emídio Mata ◽  
Carlos Capela ◽  
Pedro Miguel Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Autoimmune Disorder ◽  
Autoimmune Disorders ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
Bibliographic Search ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Abstract Background: Infections have long been studied as environmental triggers of autoimmunity. Previous associations between coronavirus and autoimmune disorders make severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a novel coronavirus identified in December 2019, a potential candidate for autoimmune disorder development. Indeed, an increasing number of these cases have been reported prompting a characterization and summarization of existing evidence.Objectives: This review aims to characterize and summarize case reports documenting the development or exacerbation of an autoimmune disorders associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection.Methods: A bibliographic search of Embase was performed from inception to July 2020. Studies included reported the development or exacerbation of an autoimmune disorder associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Quality was judge using Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Case Reports and piloted forms were used for data collection. Data were summarized using descriptive statistics and narrative synthesis.Results: From 304 entries, 85 different cases were included, 41%-99% with good appraisal across quality domains. Sixty-two (72.9%) patients had no previous autoimmune disorder and 70 (82.4%) developed it De novo, the most frequent being Guillain–Barré syndrome and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. Eighteen (21.2%) cases of autoimmune disorders, mostly in remission, exacerbated. Organ-specific disease was found in 57 (67.1%) and systemic in 28. Disease affection was categorized into groups, the most frequent being neurological (36; 42.4%), vasculitis (19; 22.4%), blood (15; 17.6%), and connectivitis/systemic lupus erythematosus/antiphospholipid syndrome (6; 7.1%). The median coronavirus disease-2019 to De novo autoimmune disorder latency was 11 days (IQR = 5.75-16).Conclusions: Although, as a systematic review of case reports, this study cannot verify causality, it provides support for further studies on the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 and autoimmune disorders. Furthermore, it delivers a characterization and summarization of existing reports making it a resource for clinicians to be aware of possible autoimmune disorder complications while taking care of their SARS-CoV-2 infected patients.

Thrombotic microangiopathy in the course of catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome successfully treated with eculizumab: case report and systematic review of the literature

Lupus ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 631-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Skoczynska ◽  
Mark A Crowther ◽  
Malgorzata Chowaniec ◽  
Monika Ponikowska ◽  
Shruti Chaturvedi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Antiphospholipid Syndrome ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Catastrophic Antiphospholipid Syndrome ◽  
Total Remission

Objective The purpose of this study was to characterize the role of eculizumab, a monoclonal antibody against the terminal complement component C5, in patients with catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome (CAPS). Methods We present a case report of a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and CAPS treated with eculizumab, as well as results of a systematic review of the literature. Results Including our patient, we identified 11 case reports of patients with CAPS treated with eculizumab. All of them had partial or total remission of symptoms. Conclusion Data on eculizumab efficacy in CAPS are promising but are limited to single case reports. More studies are needed to develop evidence-based recommendations for eculizumab use in CAPS.

scholarly journals Psychiatric side effects induced by chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine: a systematic review of case reports and population studies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Talarico ◽  
Sucheta Chakravarty ◽  
Yang S. Liu ◽  
Andrew Greenshaw ◽  
Ives Cavalcante Passos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Population Studies ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Psychomotor Activity ◽  
Psychiatric Side Effects

AbstractChloroquine and hydroxychloroquine are commonly used drugs in the treatment of malaria as well as chronic diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Although various reports on possible psychiatric side effects of these drugs exist, the nature and extent of these effects remain poorly understood. Moreover, the relevance of these drugs in the treatment of early stages of COVID-19 necessitates a careful estimation of their side effects. Here, we provide a systematic review of the psychiatric side effects associated with chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine. We used PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science platforms to identify relevant literature published between 1962 and 2020. Search terms included chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, psychiatry, psychosis, depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, delirium, and psychotic disorders. Only case reports and clinical trials were included. All studies included records of psychiatric side effects induced by either chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine or both. Both retrospective and prospective, randomized as well as non-randomized population studies were included. Overall, the psychiatric side effects are dose- and sex-independent. The most common psychiatric side effects reported are increased speech output/ excessive talking, increased psychomotor activity, irritable mood, auditory hallucinations, delusion of grandiosity, and suicide attempts, likely due to brain intoxicationbe of chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine. The symptoms can develop in a few hours to 11 weeks after drug intake and are normally reversed within a week after the drug withdrawal. We conclude that CQ and HCQ have the potential to induce psychiatric side effects. This study calls for further investigation of psychiatric symptoms induced by these drugs in the short and long term.

scholarly journals Clinical features, Diagnosis, and Treatment of COVID-19: A systematic review of case reports and case series

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azin Tahvildari ◽  
Mahta Arbabi ◽  
Yeganeh Farsi ◽  
Parnian Jamshidi ◽  
Saba Hasanzadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
Surrogate Marker ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Neuraminidase Inhibitor ◽  
Hiv Protease ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

AbstractObjectivesThe 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has been declared a public health emergency worldwide. The objective of this systematic review was to characterize the clinical, diagnostic, and treatment characteristics of patients presenting with COVID-19.MethodsWe conducted a structured search using PubMed/Medline, Embase, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library to collect both case reports and case series on COVID-19 published up to February 30, 2020.ResultsThirty-four articles were included analyzing a total of 99 patients with a mean age of 46.2 years. The most common presenting symptom in patients who tested positive for COVID-19 was fever, reported in up to 83% of patients from 76.4% of the analyzed studies. Other symptoms including rhinorrhea, dizziness, and chills were less frequently reported. Additionally, in studies which reported C-reactive protein (CRP) measurements (44%), a large majority of patients displayed an elevated CRP (73%). Progression to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) was the most common complication of patients testing positive for COVID-19 (33%). CT images displayed ground-glass opacification (GGO) patterns (80%) as well as bilateral lung involvement (71.0%). The most commonly used antiviral treatment modalities included, lopinavir (HIV protease inhibitor), arbidiol hydrochloride (influenza fusion inhibitor), and oseltamivir (neuraminidase inhibitor).ConclusionsDevelopment of ARDS may play a role in estimating disease progression and mortality risk. Early detection of elevations in serum CRP, combined with a clinical COVID-19 symptom presentation may be used as a surrogate marker for presence and severity of disease. There is a paucity of data surrounding the efficacy of treatments. There is currently not a well-established gold standard therapy for the treatment of diagnosed COVID-19. Further prospective investigations are necessary.

scholarly journals Covid-19 outbreak and Oral Health Concerns – A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Sarosh Mahdi ◽  
Zohaib Ahmed ◽  
Raheel Allana ◽  
Alessandro Peretti ◽  
Mohammed Nadeem Bijle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Existential Crisis ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Bias Risk ◽  
Newcastle Ottawa Scale ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Abstract Background:The aim of this systematic review is to shed light on practical implications of Covid-19 pandemic for the profession of dentistry. It examines the current literature and dental guidelines on Covid-19 in a systematic manner.Methods:A sequential systematic literature search was conducted on Pubmed, Medline, CINAHL, Scopus, Google scholar, Embase of Web of Science. The search results yielded the following results-Covid-19 (n=5171), Novel corona virus (n=63), Covid- 19 and dentistry (n=46), Covid-19 and oral health (n=41) Novel Corona virus and Dentistry (n=0), dental health and Novel Coronavirus (n=26), and dental practice and Novel Coronavirus (n=6)Results:The final review included 13 articles after elimination of other articles based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Original articles and systematic reviews addressing 2019-nCoV and dentistry were entitled for inclusion, case reports, case series, correspondences, editorials were not included. Bias risk assessment was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS)Conclusion:Covid-19 pandemic is an existential crisis for the profession of dentistry and requires a complete rethink about many aspects of the profession due to the nature of dental work. Evidence based research and multi-sectorial collaboration is required to make the profession safe again, both for the patient and dental team.

Autoimmune Basal Ganglia Disorders

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 1470-1481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell C. Dale ◽  
Fabienne Brilot
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Autoimmune Disorder ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Disorders ◽  
Autoimmune Disorders ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Encephalitis Lethargica ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Sydenham Chorea ◽  
Basal Ganglia Disorders

The basal ganglia are deep nuclei in the brain that include the caudate, putamen, globus pallidus, and substantia nigra. Pathological processes involving the basal ganglia often result in disorders of movement and behavior. A number of different autoimmune disorders predominantly involve the basal ganglia and can result in movement and psychiatric disorders. The classic basal ganglia autoimmune disorder is Sydenham chorea, a poststreptococcal neuropsychiatric disorder. Resurgence in the interest in Sydenham chorea is the result of the descriptions of other poststreptococcal neuropsychiatric disorders including tics and obsessive-compulsive disorder, broadly termed pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infection. Encephalitic processes affecting the basal ganglia are also described including the syndromes basal ganglia encephalitis, encephalitis lethargica, and bilateral striatal necrosis. Last, systemic autoimmune disorders such as systemic lupus erythematosus and antiphospholipid syndrome can result in chorea or parkinsonism. Using paradigms learned from other autoantibody associated disorders, the authors discuss the autoantibody hypothesis and the role of systemic inflammation in autoimmune basal ganglia disorders. Identification of these entities is important as the clinician has an increasing therapeutic repertoire to modulate or suppress the aberrant immune system.

scholarly journals Hematologic Autoimmune Manifestation Secondary to Coronavirus Disease 19 Infection – A Single-Center Experience

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (B) ◽  
pp. 940-944
Author(s):  
Sanja Trajkova ◽  
Simona Stojanovska ◽  
Nevenka Ridova ◽  
Svetlana Krstevska-Balkanov ◽  
Aleksandra Pivkova-Veljanovska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Autoimmune Disorder ◽  
Autoimmune Disorders ◽  
Severe Bleeding ◽  
Single Center Experience ◽  
Autoimmune Phenomenon ◽  
Individualized Approach ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The University ◽  
Mean Time

Introduction: Since December 2019, multiple human cases of novel coronavirus infection were reported, representing with upper respiratory symptoms (influenza-like presentation).  The virus was named the Severe acute respiratory system coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2).  Studies have reported  cases of patients with COVID-19 infection, including development of  several autoimmune events that suggests that infection with  SARS CoV-2 may be associated with initiation of autoimmune  hematological autoimmune disorders. Aim: Review the hematological autoimmune phenomenon after infection with SARS-COV-2 in order to assist into the pathogenic mechanisms, clinical manifestations and treatment of this group of patients.   Materials and methods: This is a retrospective study that includes 21 patients with autoimmune diseases like secondary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), autoimmune hemolytic anemia( AIHA) and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) that have emerged after COVID-19 infection. The patients were diagnosed and treated at the University Clinic of Hematology for a period of time from January 2020 to April 2021.  Results: The most common hematologic autoimmune disorder was ITP in 13 cases (62%) followed by AIHA in 5 cases (24%) and TTP in 3 individuals (14%).  The mean time of onset of the hematologic auto-immune presentations was 18,4 ± 10,3 days. The therapy of this conditions in patients with COVID-19 infection requires an individualized approach to achieve a precise balance between the risk of severe bleeding and of thromboembolic events.   Conclusion: Causal relationship between COVID-19 infection and these autoimmune events still requires further studies. We should all have in mind the risk of development of hematologic autoimmune disorders in infected patients.  

scholarly journals ‘De Novo’ Brain AVMs—Hypotheses for Development and a Systematic Review of Reported Cases

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 201
Author(s):  
Ioan Alexandru Florian ◽  
Lehel Beni ◽  
Vlad Moisoiu ◽  
Teodora Larisa Timis ◽  
Ioan Stefan Florian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Endovascular Embolization ◽  
Vascular Pathology ◽  
True Nature ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Microsurgical Resection ◽  
Risk Of Hemorrhage ◽  
Brain Avms

Background and Objectives: Brain arteriovenous malformations AVMs have been consistently regarded as congenital malformations of the cerebral vasculature. However, recent case reports describing “de novo AVMs” have sparked a growing debate on the nature of these lesions. Materials and Methods: We have performed a systematic review of the literature concerning de novo AVMs utilizing the PubMed and Google Academic databases. Termes used in the search were “AVM,” “arteriovenous,” “de novo,” and “acquired,” in all possible combinations. Results: 53 articles including a total of 58 patients harboring allegedly acquired AVMs were identified by researching the literature. Of these, 32 were male (55.17%), and 25 were female (43.10%). Mean age at de novo AVM diagnosis was 27.833 years (standard deviation (SD) of 21.215 years and a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 22.3 to 33.3). Most de novo AVMs were managed via microsurgical resection (20 out of 58, 34.48%), followed by radiosurgery and conservative treatment for 11 patients (18.97%) each, endovascular embolization combined with resection for five patients (8.62%), and embolization alone for three (5.17%), the remaining eight cases (13.79%) having an unspecified therapy. Conclusions: Increasing evidence suggests that some of the AVMs discovered develop some time after birth. We are still a long way from finally elucidating their true nature, though there is reason to believe that they can also appear after birth. Thus, we reason that the de novo AVMs are the result of a ‘second hit’ of a variable type, such as a previous intracranial hemorrhage or vascular pathology. The congenital or acquired characteristic of AVMs may have a tremendous impact on prognosis, risk of hemorrhage, and short and long-term management.

scholarly journals Clinical Perspective on 2019 Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia: A Systematic Review of Published Case Reports

Cureus ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rikinkumar S Patel ◽  
Neev Patel ◽  
Mizba Baksh ◽  
Annam Zaidi ◽  
Jaiminkumar Patel
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Clinical Perspective ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

scholarly journals Update on Vertigo in Autoimmune Disorders, from Diagnosis to Treatment

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Girasoli ◽  
Diego Cazzador ◽  
Roberto Padoan ◽  
Ennio Nardello ◽  
Mara Felicetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Relapsing Polychondritis ◽  
Autoimmune Disorders ◽  
Bilateral Vestibulopathy ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid ◽  
Igg4 Related Disease ◽  
Organ Specific

The prevalence of autoimmune diseases has been increasing over the last 20 years. The clinical presentation of this large and heterogeneous group of disorders depends on whether the involvement is organ-specific or non-organ-specific. Dizziness, vertigo, and disequilibrium are common symptoms reported by patients with vestibulocochlear involvement. The association of vertigo and autoimmune diseases has been largely documented, suggesting that autoimmune disorders could be overrepresented in patients with vertigo in comparison to the general population. The aim of this review is to present the recent literature findings in the field of autoimmune-mediated diseases with cochleovestibular involvement, focusing on the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of immune-mediated inner ear diseases including autoimmune inner ear disease (AIED), Meniere’s disease, and bilateral vestibulopathy, as well as of systemic autoimmune diseases with audiovestibular disorders, namely, Behçet’s disease, Cogan’s syndrome, sarcoidosis, autoimmune thyroid disease, Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome, relapsing polychondritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, antiphospholipid syndrome, IgG4-related disease, and ANCA-associated vasculitides.

scholarly journals COVID-19 in systemic lupus erythematosus: A pooled analysis and systematic review of case reports and series

Lupus ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 096120332110450
Author(s):  
Rajalingham Sakthiswary ◽  
Hui Yuan Chuah ◽  
Ker Shing Chiang ◽  
Yee Shan Liew ◽  
Noor Azman Muhammad Aizat
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Lupus Nephritis ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Eligibility Criteria

Objective In the recent months, there have been several case reports and case series on COVID-19 in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE). We conducted a pooled analysis and systematic review to summarise the findings of these articles. Besides, we aimed to determine the predictors of severe COVID-19 infection in SLE by comparing the mild to moderate cases with the severe to critical ones. Method All case reports and case series pertaining to COVID-19 in SLE were retrieved from Pubmed, Wiley Online Library, Springer Link, Science Direct and Web of Science databases using ‘lupus’, ‘systemic lupus erythematosus’, ‘coronavirus’, ‘SARS-CoV-2’, ‘SLE’ and “Covid-19” as keywords. The following data were extracted from the selected articles: country, age of the patient and the characteristics of SLE such as disease duration, organ or system involved, baseline medications and the severity of the COVID-19 infection. Data extracted from the articles were utilised to perform the pooled analysis. Results A total of 24 articles with 48 patients met the eligibility criteria. The median age at diagnosis of COVID-19 infection was 41 years (IQR: 11–66 years). The median SLE disease duration prior to the diagnosis of COVID-19 was 9 years (IQR: 0–30 years). A total of 22 (45.83%) patients had severe to critical COVID-19. This pooled data did not demonstrate any difference in the baseline medications between the 2 groups. Patients with lupus nephritis were significantly more prone to develop severe to critical disease ( p = 0 .036) with an odds ratio of 5.40 (95% confidence interval of 1.120–26.045). Conclusion We found that lupus nephritis was the only predictor of severe to critical COVID-19 in SLE.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document