scholarly journals Analysis of PCDDs/PCBs by AhR-CALUX assay in Indian dietary food and environment ash

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayilsamy Murugasamy ◽  
Sangeetha Seethappan ◽  
Shunkei Ko ◽  
Masafumi Nakamura ◽  
Muthusamy Govarthanan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
South India ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Related Compounds ◽  
Calux Assay ◽  
Dioxin Contamination ◽  
Dietary Food

Abstract This study found distribution of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin like polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCBs) in bovine milk and ash samples collected from 9 different major districts namely Erode, Salem, Namakkal, Coimbatore, Trippur, Madurai, Chennai, Dindigul and Tiruchirappalli, which were highly populated and industrialized districts of South India (Tamil Nadu). The total toxic equivalency (TEQ) for PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs in the bovine milk samples were ranged from 0.028 to 7.331-pg TEQ/g fat. Some of the districts showed higher PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs concentration in milk and ash samples. Further, BM14 (7.331 pg-TEQ/g fat) and BM21 (6.406 pg-TEQ/g fat) sampling sites showed exceed level of PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs than WHO regulation limits (6 pg-TEQ/g fat). Similarly, Total dioxins and DL-PCBs concentration in the ash sample were between 0.003-1. ng TEQ/g. Samples from AS3 (1.2 ng-TEQ/g) and AS11 (1.06 ng-TEQ/g) showed higher total dioxins and DL-PCBs level among other sampling sites. This study provides an overview of dioxins and dioxin-related compounds contamination in bovine milk and ash samples in south Tamil Nadu. Further, the CALUX assay method validation has simplified the monitoring of dioxin contamination in the environment.

scholarly journals Analysis of PCDDs/PCBs by AhR-CALUX assay in Indian dietary food and environment ash

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masafumi Nakamura ◽  
Shunkei Ko ◽  
Muthusamy Govarthanan ◽  
Vimalkumar Krishnamoorthi
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
South India ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Related Compounds ◽  
Calux Assay ◽  
Dioxin Contamination ◽  
Dietary Food

Abstract This study found distribution of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin like polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCBs) in bovine milk and ash samples collected from 9 different major districts namely Erode, Salem, Namakkal, Coimbatore, Trippur, Madurai, Chennai, Dindigul and Tiruchirappalli, which were highly populated and industrialized districts of South India (Tamil Nadu). The total toxic equivalency (TEQ) for PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs in the bovine milk samples were ranged from 0.028 to 7.331-pg TEQ/g fat. Some of the districts showed higher PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs concentration in milk and ash samples. Further, BM14 (7.331 pg-TEQ/g fat) and BM21 (6.406 pg-TEQ/g fat) sampling sites showed exceed level of PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs than WHO regulation limits (6 pg-TEQ/g fat). Similarly, Total dioxins and DL-PCBs concentration in the ash sample were between 0.003-1. ng TEQ/g. Samples from AS3 (1.2 ng-TEQ/g) and AS11 (1.06 ng-TEQ/g) showed higher total dioxins and DL-PCBs level among other sampling sites. This study provides an overview of dioxins and dioxin-related compounds contamination in bovine milk and ash samples in south Tamil Nadu. Further, the CALUX assay method validation has simplified the monitoring of dioxin contamination in the environment.

scholarly journals CALUX Bioassay analysis of PCDD/Fs and dioxin-like PCBs in Bovine milk and Municipal dumping site Ash samples from Indian environment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murugasamy Mayilsamy ◽  
Seethappan Sangeetha ◽  
Masafumi Nakamura ◽  
Shunkei Ko ◽  
Muthusamy Govarthanan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Milk Contamination ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Related Compounds ◽  
Calux Assay ◽  
Dioxin Contamination

Abstract This study showed the distribution of PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs in bovine milk and ash samples collected from urban and rural areas of south Tamil Nadu and one milk sample from Japan. Around 25 bovine milk samples and 16 ash samples were collected accordingly. The total TEQ for PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs were ranged from 0.028 to 7.331 pg TEQ/g fat. Some of the districts were showed higher PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs concentration in milk and ash samples. Further, BM14 (7.331 pg-TEQ/g fat) and BM21 (6.406 pg-TEQ/g fat) area exceed level of PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs than WHO regulation limits (6 pg-TEQ/g fat). Likewise, BM3, BM8, and BM14 areas showed higher milk contamination by dioxins, which exceed the WHO regulation limit (3pg-TEQ/g fat). Similarly, the total TEQ for PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs in ash samples was ranged from 0.02 to 1.2 ng TEQ/g. AS3 (1.2 ng-TEQ/g) and AS11 (1.06 ng-TEQ/g) areas showed higher dioxins and DL-PCBs among the samples. This study provides an overview of dioxins and dioxin-related compounds contamination in bovine milk and ash samples. Further, the CALUX assay method validation has simplifies the monitoring of dioxin contamination in the environment.

Cumulative exposure and dietary risk assessment of phthalates in bottled water and bovine milk samples: A preliminary case study in Tamil Nadu, India

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 1166-1182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna Kumar Selvaraj ◽  
Habibunisha Mubarakali ◽  
Maniraj Rathinam ◽  
Lakshmi Harikumar ◽  
Srimurali Sampath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Cumulative Exposure ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Dietary Risk ◽  
Dietary Risk Assessment

scholarly journals Lecanicillium lecanii (Zimmermann) Zare & Gams, as an efficient biocontrol agent of tea thrips, Scirtothrips bispinosus Bagnall (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariappan Sankara Rama Subramaniam ◽  
Azariah Babu ◽  
Bhabesh Deka
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
South India ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Lecanicillium Lecanii ◽  
Wettable Powder ◽  
Label Claim ◽  
Yeast Powder

Abstract Background Continuous and non-judicial application of synthetic insecticides to control the tea thrips, Scirtothrips bispinosus (Bagnall), one of the major tea pests in South India has led to certain undesirable issues in the ecosystem besides the presence of the pesticide residues in manufactured tea. Biological control agents are of immense importance in tea cultivation. The present study was designed to isolate Lecanicillium lecanii (Zimmermann) Zare & Gama from the field-collected cadavers of the insects/mites infected by fungi of tea growing areas of Anamallais (Tamil Nadu, South India), and to evaluate their field bio-efficacy against the tea thrips. Results Lecanicillium lecanii isolated from the tea ecosystem had been formulated into a wettable powder (WP) formulation and evaluated against tea thrips under both laboratory and field conditions. Among the several media evaluated, the PDAY (Potato Dextrose Agar + 1% Yeast powder) was found to be the best suitable medium for the growth and germination of spores. Optimum conditions for the growth of L. lecanii were found in PDAY medium at the pH 6-7, temperature 25-30°C and 90-95% RH. Exposure to UV light for more than 30 min significantly inhibited the growth of the fungus. Lecanicillium lecanii at (1 × 107 spore/ha) was found significantly effective against thrips. Fungal development index (FDI) of L. lecanii + jaggery significantly differed than other treatments. Lecanicillium lecanii at 1500g (1×107 conidia/ml) mixed in 400 l of water was effective against the tea thrips. Addition of equal amount of jaggery with L. lecanii wettable powder in the tank mixture could increase the efficacy of the mycopesticide against tea thrips. Conclusion The powder formulation of L. lecanii was found safer to natural enemies present in the tea ecosystem. After fulfilling the requirements for its registration and label claim on tea, this strain of L. lecanii could be commercialized for the benefit of the tea industry for the management of tea thrips in an eco-friendly manner.

Development of a Novel Biochip for Rapid Multiplex Detection of Seven Mastitis-Causing Pathogens in Bovine Milk Samples

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 463-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuo-Hua Lee ◽  
Jai-Wei Lee ◽  
Shih-Wen Wang ◽  
Lu-Yuan Liu ◽  
Mei-Fen Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Multiplex Detection ◽  
Milk Samples

Fluorometric determination of uric acid in bovine milk

2010 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 438-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torben Larsen ◽  
Kasey M Moyes
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Xanthine Oxidase ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Oxidase Inhibitor ◽  
Enzymatic Oxidation ◽  
Fast Method ◽  
Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor ◽  
Milk Samples

The primary objective of this study is to validate a new fast method for determination of uric acid in milk. The method is based on an enzymatic-fluorometric technique that requires minimal pre-treatment of milk samples. The present determination of uric acid is based on the enzymatic oxidation of uric acid to 5-hydroxyisourate via uricase where the liberated hydrogen peroxide reacts with 10-acetyl-3,7-dihydroxyphenoxazine via peroxidase and the fluorescent product, resorufin, is measured fluorometrically. Fresh composite milk samples (n=1,072) were collected from both Jersey (n=38) and Danish Holstein (n=106) cows from one local herd. The average inter- and intra-assay variations were 7·1% and 3·0%, respectively. Percent recovery averaged 103·4, 107·0 and 107·5% for samples spiked with 20, 40 or 60 μmof standard, respectively, with a correlation (r=0·98;P<0·001) observed between the observed and expected uric acid concentrations. A positive correlation (r=0·96;P<0·001) was observed between uric acid concentrations using the present method and a reference assay. Storage at 4°C for 24 h resulted in lower (P<0·01) uric acid concentrations in milk when compared with no storage or samples stored at −18°C for 24 h. Addition of either allopurinol (a xanthine oxidase inhibitor) or dimethylsulfoxide (a solvent for allopurinol) did not affect milk uric acid concentrations (P=0·96) and may indicate that heat treatment before storage and analysis was sufficient to degrade xanthine oxidase activity in milk. No relationship was observed between milk uric acid and milk yield and milk components. Authors recommend a single heat treatment (82°C for 10 min) followed by either an immediate analysis of fresh milk samples or storage at −18°C until further analysis.

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