scholarly journals Impact of transcranial direct current stimulation on cognitive function, brain functional segregation, and integration in patients with mild cognitive impairment according to amyloid-beta deposition and APOE ε4-allele

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Woo Kang ◽  
Sheng-Min Wang ◽  
TaeYeong Kim ◽  
Donghyeon Kim ◽  
Hae-Ran Na ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Anodal Tdcs ◽  
High Risk Factors ◽  
Ε4 Allele

Abstract Background: Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (anodal-tDCS) is known to improve cognition and normalise abnormal network configuration during resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). We evaluated the impact of sequential anodal-tDCS on cognitive functions, functional segregation, and integration parameters in patients with MCI, according to high-risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease (AD): amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposition and APOE ε4-allele status. Methods: In 32 patients with MCI ([18F] flutemetamol-: n = 10, [18F] flutemetamol+: n = 22; APOE ε4-: n = 13, APOE ε4+: n = 19), we delivered anodal-tDCS (2 mA/day, five times/week, for 2 weeks) over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and assessed the neuropsychological test battery and resting-state fMRI measurements before and after 2 weeks’ stimulation.Results: We observed a trend for impact of an anodal-tDCS-by-Aβ retention interaction on MMSE score changes. Baseline Aβ accumulation tended to be negatively associated with word list recognition score changes. We found a significant effect of tDCS-by-APOE ε4-allele interaction on changes in the functional segregation parameter of the temporal pole. Baseline Aβ deposition associated negatively with change in global functional integrity of hippocampal formation. There was a significant difference in brain functional segregation and integration parameters between MCI patients with and without high-risk factors of AD.Conclusions: Thus, anodal-tDCS could help to improve cognitive function and enhance restorative and compensatory intrinsic functional changes in MCI patients, modulated by the presence of Aβ retention and the APOE ε4-allele. Trial registration: This study is registered with the Clinical Research Information Service of Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KCT0006020). Registered on 24 March 2021—retrospectively registered.

scholarly journals Impact of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Cognitive Function, Brain Functional Segregation, and Integration in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment According to Amyloid-Beta Deposition and APOE ε4-allele: A Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 772
Author(s):  
Dong-Woo Kang ◽  
Sheng-Min Wang ◽  
Tae-Yeong Kim ◽  
Donghyeon Kim ◽  
Hae-Ran Na ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Anodal Tdcs ◽  
Apoe Ε4 ◽  
High Risk Factors ◽  
Ε4 Allele

Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (anodal-tDCS) is known to improve cognition and normalize abnormal network configuration during resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). We aimed to evaluate the impact of sequential anodal-tDCS on cognitive functions, functional segregation, and integration parameters in patients with MCI, according to high-risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease (AD): amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposition and APOE ε4-allele status. In 32 patients with MCI ([18 F] flutemetamol-: n = 10, [18 F] flutemetamol+ : n = 22; APOE ε4-: n = 13, APOE ε4+ : n = 19), we delivered anodal-tDCS (2 mA/day, five times/week, for 2 weeks) over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and assessed the neuropsychological test battery and resting-state fMRI measurements before and after 2 weeks stimulation. We observed a non-significant impact of an anodal-tDCS on changes in neuropsychological battery scores between MCI patients with and without high-risk factors of AD, Aβ retention and APOE ε4-allele. However, there was a significant difference in brain functional segregation and integration parameters between MCI patients with and without AD high-risk factors. We also found a significant effect of tDCS-by-APOE ε4-allele interaction on changes in the functional segregation parameter of the temporal pole. In addition, baseline Aβ deposition significantly associated negatively with change in global functional integrity of hippocampal formation. Anodal-tDCS might help to enhance restorative and compensatory intrinsic functional changes in MCI patients, modulated by the presence of Aβ retention and the APOE ε4-allele.

scholarly journals Development of a Sex-Specific Risk Scoring System for Predicting Cognitive Normal to Mild Cognitive Impairment (SRSS-CNMCI)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Luo ◽  
Hao Wen ◽  
Shuqi Ge ◽  
Chunzhi Tang ◽  
Xiufeng Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Scoring System ◽  
External Validation ◽  
Scoring Systems ◽  
Cutoff Point ◽  
Risk Scoring ◽  
Risk Scoring System

Abstract Objective: We aim to develop a sex-specific risk scoring system for predicting cognitive normal (CN) to mild cognitive impairment (MCI), abbreviated SRSS-CNMCI, to provide a reliable tool for the prevention of MCI.Methods: Participants aged 61-90 years old with a baseline diagnosis of CN and an endpoint diagnosis of MCI were screened from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database with at least one follow-up. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to identify risk factors associated with conversion from CN to MCI and to build risk scoring systems for male and female groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was applied to determine the risk probability cutoff point corresponding to the optimal prediction effect. We ran an external validation of the discrimination and calibration based on the Harvard Aging Brain Study (HABS) database.Results: A total of 471 participants, including 240 women (51%) and 231 men (49%), aged 61 to 90 years, were included in the study cohort for subsequent primary analysis. The final multivariable models and the risk scoring systems for females and males included age, APOE ε4, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR). The scoring systems for females and males revealed C statistics of 0.902 (95% CI 0.840-0.963) and 0.911 (95% CI 0.863-0.959), respectively, as measures of discrimination. The cutoff point of high and low risk was 33% in females, and more than 33% was considered high risk, while more than 9% was considered high risk for males. The external validation effect of the scoring systems was good: C statistic 0.950 for the females and C statistic 0.965 for the males. Conclusions: Our parsimonious model accurately predicts conversion from CN to MCI with four risk factors and can be used as a predictive tool for the prevention of MCI.

scholarly journals Mild Cognitive Impairment among Type II Diabetes Mellitus Patients Attending University Teaching Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (E) ◽  
pp. 105-111
Author(s):  
Ghada A. Abdellatif ◽  
Azza M. Hassan ◽  
Mohamed S. Gabal ◽  
Samia A. Hemeda ◽  
Nada H. El-Chami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Social Activities ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Brain Training

BACKGROUND: Type II diabetes mellitus (TIIDM) has been associated with structural and functional changes in the brain. TIIDM is commonly associated with obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, all of which can have negative impact on brain. AIM: The aim of the study was to study the risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) among both diabetics and non-diabetics and to identify risk factors to MCI among both groups. METHODS: Two comparative cross-sectional studies were carried out enrolling 100 diabetics and 100 age, sex, and education matching non-diabetics. Cognitive function was assessed using Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test and risk factors for MCI were assessed. RESULTS: The subjective complaint of memory impairment among diabetics was significantly higher (34%) compared to non-diabetics (13.0%), p < 0.05. The mean of objective MoCA score was significantly lower among diabetics (25.9 ± 2.5) compared to non-diabetics (27.4 ± 2.4), p < 0.001. The rate of MCI was significantly higher among TIIDM patients (22%) compared to non-diabetics (9%), p < 0.01 and odds ratio (OR) 2.8 (95% confidence interval 1.2–6.5). Among the two studied groups, the rate of MCI was significantly higher among those aged over 50 years compared to younger age as well as among hypertensive compared to non-hypertensive persons, (p < 0.05). Among diabetics, the MCI was significantly higher among those with secondary education, having heart diseases, longer duration of DM, or repeated hypoglycemia attack, p < 0.05. A healthy diet, brain training, and social activities were found to be significantly associated with normal cognition. Logistic analysis revealed that diabetics aged above 50 was the only significant predicting factor for MCI with an OR 2.9 (95% CI: 3.8–123.3), p < 0.001. CONCLUSION: TIIDM is significantly associated with 3-times increasing risk of having MCI compared to non-diabetics. The age, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, duration of diabetes, and frequency of hypoglycemic episodes are risk factors for cognitive impairment. A healthy diet, brain training, and social activities were associated with better cognitive function.

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