scholarly journals Transient Heat-Shock Disrupts Molecular Signals and Competence of Riverine Bubalus Bubalis Oocytes and Early Embryos in a Stage-Specific Manner

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devender Singh ◽  
Manish Kumar ◽  
Rakesh Kumar ◽  
Tirtha Kumar Datta
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Bubalus Bubalis ◽  
Early Embryos ◽  
Specific Manner ◽  
Cell Embryo ◽  
Molecular Signals

Abstract Background Thermal stress elicits detrimental effect in reproduction performance of Bubalus bubalis, buffalo. Riverine buffalo oocytes and early embryos possess differential ability to grow and survive under thermal stress condition. It is interesting to know how precisely the short and transient heat stress impacts growth and development of buffalo oocytes and early embryos in a stage specific manner. In this study, we aim to identify the most sensitive and vulnerable stage of oocytes and early embryos against transient heat stress as well as unravel the underlying molecular signals responsible for the stunted embryo development under thermal stress. It was assessed by utilizing six different groups of oocytes and embryos with an incorporation of 4 h transient heat shock at 40ºC during different stage of in-vitro maturation (IVM) and in vitro culture (IVC). Results The stressed oocytes of group (grp) 1, 2 and 3 exhibit comparable paces of attaining metaphase-II (M-II) phase at different time interval of IVM. The most detrimental effect of heat stress was observed in grp 2 with sharp reduction in morula to blastocysts transition rate (p<0.05). Expression of mRNA transcripts of HSP8, MnSOD and Sirt-3 genes were significantly increased from mid-IVM to 4-cell embryo although subsequently, down-regulated in embryos of 8-16 cells, morulae and blastocysts. Expression of maternal to embryo transition (MET) genes viz. PAP, U2Af and eIF4A was significantly down regulated from 2-cell embryo to morula (p<0.05). Maternal recognition of pregnancy (MRP) and morulae to blastocyst transition genes were poorly expressed in grp 2 than of the other stress groups (p<0.05). Conclusions Disruption of molecular signal has implicated in the poor formation of inner cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm (TE) cells, this results in compromised development prospects of early buffalo embryos in a stage specific manner. Well-coordinated molecular signals associated with heat stress held responsible for reduced development of early embryo. We establish the most vulnerable stage of buffalo oocytes and presumptive zygotes against transient heat shock and observe a narrow window as the most critical stage for regulating the development potential of the prospective embryos under short heat stress environment.

scholarly journals Cytoprotective Effects of Taurine on Heat-Induced Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells In Vitro

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 258
Author(s):  
Hui Bai ◽  
Tingting Li ◽  
Yan Yu ◽  
Ningcong Zhou ◽  
Huijuan Kou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
T Antigen ◽  
Mammary Epithelial ◽  
Epithelial Cell Line ◽  
Heat Shock Factor 1 ◽  
Alveolar Cells ◽  
Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells

It is a widely known that heat stress induces a reduction in milk production in cows and impairs their overall health. Studies have shown that taurine protects tissues and organs under heat stress. However, there have yet to be studies showing the functions of taurine in mammary alveolar cells-large T antigen (MAC-T) (a bovine mammary epithelial cell line) cells under heat shock. Therefore, different concentrations of taurine (10 mM, 50 mM, and 100 mM) were tested to determine the effects on heat-induced MAC-T cells. The results showed that taurine protected the cells against heat-induced damage as shown by morphological observations in conjunction with suppressed the translocation and expression of heat shock factor 1 (HSF1). Moreover, taurine not only reversed the decline in antioxidase (superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX)) activities but also attenuated the accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA). Meanwhile, mitochondrial damage (morphology and complex I activity) resulting from heat exposure was mitigated. Taurine also alleviated the rates of cell apoptosis and markedly depressed the mRNA expressions of BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator (BAX) and caspase3. Furthermore, compared with the heat stress (HS) group, the protein levels of caspase3 and cleaved caspase3 were decreased in all taurine groups. In summary, taurine improves the antioxidant and anti-apoptosis ability of MAC-T cells thereby alleviates damage of cells due to heat insults.

Heat stress and antioxidant enzyme activity in bubaline (Bubalus bubalis) oocytes during in vitro maturation

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (9) ◽  
pp. 1357-1366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syma Ashraf Waiz ◽  
Mohammad Raies-ul-Haq ◽  
Suman Dhanda ◽  
Anil Kumar ◽  
T. Sridhar Goud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
In Vitro Maturation ◽  
Bubalus Bubalis ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activity

scholarly journals Transcriptome and translatome changes in germinated pollen under heat stress uncover roles of transporter genes involved in pollen tube growth

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laetitia Poidevin ◽  
Javier Forment ◽  
Dilek Unal ◽  
Alejandro Ferrando
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Pollen Tube Growth ◽  
Tube Growth ◽  
Heat Shock Genes ◽  
Germinated Pollen

ABSTRACTPlant reproduction is one key biological process very sensitive to heat stress and, as a consequence, enhanced global warming poses serious threats to food security worldwide. In this work we have used a high-resolution ribosome profiling technology to study how heat affects both the transcriptome and the translatome of Arabidopsis thaliana pollen germinated in vitro. Overall, a high correlation between transcriptional and translational responses to high temperature was found, but specific regulations at the translational level were also present. We show that bona fide heat shock genes are induced by high temperature indicating that in vitro germinated pollen is a suitable system to understand the molecular basis of heat responses. Concurrently heat induced significant down-regulation of key membrane transporters required for pollen tube growth, thus uncovering heat-sensitive targets. We also found that a large subset of the heat-repressed transporters is specifically up-regulated, in a coordinated manner, with canonical heat-shock genes in pollen tubes grown in vitro and semi in vivo, based on published transcriptomes from Arabidopsis thaliana. Ribosome footprints were also detected in gene sequences annotated as non-coding, highlighting the potential for novel translatable genes and translational dynamics.

scholarly journals 324SPHINGOSINE-1-PHOSPHATE PROTECTS CULTURED BOVINE OOCYTES FROM PHYSIOLOGICALLY RELEVANT THERMAL STRESS

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Roth ◽  
P.J. Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Blastocyst Stage ◽  
Caspase Activity ◽  
Blastocyst Development ◽  
Cleavage Rate ◽  
Developmental Potential ◽  
Oocyte Competence ◽  
Cell Death Pathway

Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a sphingolipid metabolite that can block the sphingomyelin cell-death pathway by suppressing ceramide-induced apoptosis. The present study was performed to test whether S1P protects oocytes from heat shock during in vitro maturation. Cumulus-oocyte complexes obtained by slicing follicles were placed in maturation medium with or without 50nM S1P and cultured at 38.5°C (CON) or 41°C (41C) for the first 12h of maturation. Incubation during the last 10h of maturation (22-h total maturation time), fertilization, and embryonic development were performed at 38.5°C and 5% (v/v) CO2. Blastocyst development was recorded at 8 days post-insemination (dpi) and activity of group II caspases in 8-day blastocysts was determined using a fluoroprobe, PhiPhiLux-G1D2 (OncoImmunin, Gaithersburg, MD, USA). Data were analysed by least-squares ANOVA with the GLM procedure of SAS. Percentage data were subjected to arcsin transformation before analysis. Exposure of oocytes to thermal stress during the first 12h of maturation reduced cleavage rate (P&lt;0.01) and the number of oocytes developing to the blastocyst stage (P&lt;0.04). There was a temperature x S1P interaction for cleavage rate (P&lt;0.03) because S1P blocked effects of thermal stress on cleavage rate. Without S1P, the percentage of oocytes that cleaved by 3 dpi were 83.6±2.7% and 65.8±2.7% for CON and 41C, respectively. In the presence of S1P, percent cleavage was 86.7±2.7% and 83.9±2.7% for CON and 41C, respectively. There was a trend (P=0.06) for a temperature x S1P interaction for percent oocytes developing to blastocyst stage because S1P blocked effects of heat shock on development. Without S1P, the percentages of oocytes that developed to the blastocyst stage were 28.7±3.0% and 15.2±3.0% for CON and 41C, respectively. In the presence of S1P, percent blastocysts were 24.3±3.4% and 23.9±3.0% for CON and 41C, respectively. When development was expressed as percentage of cleaved embryos, however, there were no effects of temperature, S1P, or temperature x S1P on percent development to the blastocyst stage. Blastocyst caspase activity was not affected by temperature or S1P. In summary, exposure to physiologically relevant thermal stress during the first 12h of maturation has a deleterious effect on oocyte competence and this effect can be reduced by S1P. The fact that heat shock reduced the percentage of oocytes but not the percentage of cleaved embryos that became blastocysts suggests that oocytes that survive effects of heat shock and cleave have normal potential to develop to the blastocyst stage. Moreover, since heat shock did not affect caspase activity, it is likely that blastocysts from heat-shocked oocytes have normal developmental potential, at least as determined by caspase activity. Support: BARD FI-330-2002 and USDA Grants 2002-35203-12664 and 2001-52101-11318.

Regional specification within the mesoderm of early embryos of Xenopus laevis

Development ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Dale ◽  
J.M. Slack
Keyword(s):  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Marginal Zone ◽  
Mesoderm Induction ◽  
Intermediate Type ◽  
Cell Stage ◽  
Early Embryos ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cell Embryo ◽  
Single Blastomeres

We have further analysed the roles of mesoderm induction and dorsalization in the formation of a regionally specified mesoderm in early embryos of Xenopus laevis. First, we have examined the regional specificity of mesoderm induction by isolating single blastomeres from the vegetalmost tier of the 32-cell embryo and combining each with a lineage-labelled (FDA) animal blastomere tier. Whereas dorsovegetal (D1) blastomeres induce ‘dorsal-type’ mesoderm (notochord and muscle), laterovegetal and ventrovegetal blastomeres (D2–4) induce either ‘intermediate-type’ (muscle, mesothelium, mesenchyme and blood) or ‘ventral-type’ (mesothelium, mesenchyme and blood) mesoderm. No significant difference in inductive specificity between blastomeres D2, 3 and 4 could be detected. We also show that laterovegetal and ventrovegetal blastomeres from early cleavage stages can have a dorsal inductive potency partially activated by operative procedures, resulting in the induction of intermediate-type mesoderm. Second, we have determined the state of specification of ventral blastomeres by isolating and culturing them in vitro between the 4-cell stage and the early gastrula stage. The majority of isolates from the ventral half of the embryo gave extreme ventral types of differentiation at all stages tested. Although a minority of cases formed intermediate-type and dorsal-type mesoderms we believe these to result from either errors in our assessment of the prospective DV axis or from an enhancement, provoked by microsurgery, of some dorsal inductive specificity. The results of induction and isolation experiments suggest that only two states of specification exist in the mesoderm of the pregastrula embryo, a dorsal type and a ventral type. Finally we have made a comprehensive series of combinations between different regions of the marginal zone using FDA to distinguish the components. We show that, in combination with dorsal-type mesoderm, ventral-type mesoderm becomes dorsalized to the level of intermediate-type mesoderm. Dorsal-type mesoderm is not ventralized in these combinations. Dorsalizing activity is confined to a restricted sector of the dorsal marginal zone, it is wider than the prospective notochord and seems to be graded from a high point at the dorsal midline. The results of these experiments strengthen the case for the three-signal model proposed previously, i.e. dorsal and ventral mesoderm inductions followed by dorsalization, as the simplest explanation capable of accounting for regional specification within the mesoderm of early Xenopus embryos.

scholarly journals Three light-inducible heat shock genes of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.

1989 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 3911-3918 ◽  
Author(s):  
E D von Gromoff ◽  
U Treier ◽  
C F Beck
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii ◽  
Heat Shock Gene ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Heat Shock Genes ◽  
Drastic Increase ◽  
Shock Gene

Genomic clones representing three Chlamydomonas reinhardtii genes homologous to the Drosophila hsp70 heat shock gene were isolated. The mRNAs of genes hsp68, hsp70, and hsp80 could be translated in vitro into proteins of Mr 68,000, 70,000, and 80,000, respectively. Transcription of these genes increased dramatically upon heat shock, and the corresponding mRNAs rapidly accumulated, reaching a peak at around 30 min after a shift to the elevated temperature. Light also induced the accumulation of the mRNAs encoded by these heat shock genes. A shift of dark-grown cells to light resulted in a drastic increase in mRNA levels, which reached a maximum at around 1 h after the shift. Thus, in Chlamydomonas, expression of hsp70-homologous heat shock genes appears to be regulated by thermal stress and light.

Expressions of heat shock proteins under heat-stress and interferon-treatment: An in vitro study on osteosarcoma

1996 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 233-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshikazu Kubo ◽  
Yuji Tamura ◽  
Kenji Takahashi ◽  
Jiro Imanishi ◽  
Yasusuke Hirasawa
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Heat Shock Proteins ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Interferon Treatment ◽  
Shock Proteins

scholarly journals In VitroImmune Competence of Buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) of Different Production Potential: Effect of Heat Stress and Cortisol

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joydip Mukherjee ◽  
Sujata Pandita ◽  
Ruokuobeinuo Huozha ◽  
Manju Ashutosh
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Stimulation Index ◽  
Bubalus Bubalis ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Production Level ◽  
Cell Mediated Immunity ◽  
Lymphocyte Proliferation Response ◽  
Proliferation Response

Twelve healthy lactating Murrah buffaloes of similar parity (3rd) between 90 and 120 days of lactation, selected from the herd of National Dairy Research Institute (Karnal, India) and maintained at managemental practices as followed at the Institute they were included in this experiment. The animals were divided into two groups based on their production level in previous lactation. The average milk production level of group 1 and II was 9.3 and 6 lit/day, respectively. Blood was collected from these buffaloes on three occasions 10 days apart. The lymphocytes were separated and cultured in RPMI 1640 medium with PHA-P for 24 h at 37°C in a humidified CO2incubator (95% air and 5%  CO2). The lymphocyte responsiveness was also evaluated in response to thein vivoheat stress andin vitrocortisol. Mitogen-induced stimulation index was not affected by production level (). Stimulation index was significantly reduced () in both the groups when cortisol was added at 2.0 ng level in the culture. However, in heat-stressed buffaloes stimulation index did not vary despite increasing levels of cortisol, thus indicating that lymphocyte may become cortisol resistant during periods of acute heat stress. The results showed that lymphocyte proliferation response can be effectively used to study buffalo cell-mediated immunityin vitro.

Calcium homeostasis in cardiomyocytes isolated from heat-shocked rats

1996 ◽  
Vol 271 (5) ◽  
pp. H1938-H1946 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. Cornelussen ◽  
L. Ver Donck ◽  
G. Verellen ◽  
M. Borgers ◽  
G. J. van der Vusse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Simultaneous Measurement ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Cellular Mechanism ◽  
Fluorescence Ratio ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Quiescent Cells ◽  
Contractile Performance

The cellular mechanism of heat shock-mediated cardioprotection is still under debate. Because heat pretreatment negatively affects the normoxic left ventricular contractile performance in vitro when the extracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]o) is relatively low (0.65-1.25 mM), the intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis was studied in more detail in cardiomyocytes isolated from adult rats 24 h after heat stress (42 degrees C for 15 min) or anesthesia (control). Sensitivity to Ca2+ overload was assessed by exposure to veratridine (quiescent cells) or to [Ca2+]o ranging from 0.125 to 20 mM in quiescent and paced cardiomyocytes. The fraction of irreversibly hypercontracted cells was not different between groups. The fura-2 fluorescence ratio (I340/I380), which was used as a measure for cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in quiescent cells after exposure to [Ca2+]o (0.5-10 mM), was also not different between groups. Myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity was assessed in paced (0.5 Hz) cells by simultaneous measurement of [Ca2+]i transients and cell shortening. At stepwise increases of [Ca2+]o from 1 to 10 mM, these parameters were comparable between groups. The diastolic cell length shortened progressively and equally in both groups after increasing [Ca2+]o. However, within 2 min of return from 10 to 1 mM [Ca2+]o, cells from heat-shocked rats retained the same length, whereas cells from control rats contracted further (P = 0.05). These data suggest that heat stress improves relaxation after challenge with high [Ca2+]o.

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