scholarly journals Do biochar and polyacrylamide have synergistic effect on net denitrification and ammonia volatilization in saline soils?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongchun Pan ◽  
Dongli She ◽  
Zhenqi Shi ◽  
Xinyi Chen ◽  
Yongqiu Xia
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Ammonia Volatilization ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Denitrification Rate ◽  
Saline Soils ◽  
Overlying Water ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Salt Affected Soils

Abstract Salt-affected soils have poor structure and physicochemical properties, which affect soil nitrogen cycling process closely related to the environment, such as denitrification and ammonia volatilization. Biochar and polyacrylamide (PAM) have been widely used as soil amendments to improve soil physicochemical properties. However, how they affect denitrification and ammonia volatilization in saline soils is unclear. In this study, the denitrification and ammonia volatilization rates were measured in a saline soil field ameliorated with three biochar application rates (0%, 2% and 5%, w/w) and three PAM application rates (0‰, 0.4‰ and 1‰, w/w) over three years. The results showed that denitrification rates decreased by 23.63%-39.60% with biochar application, whereas ammonia volatilization rates increased by 9.82%-25.58%. The denitrification and ammonia volatilization rates decreased by 9.87%-29.08% and 11.39%-19.42% respectively, following PAM addition. However, there was no significant synergistic effect of biochar and PAM amendments on the denitrification and ammonia volatilization rates. The addition of biochar mainly reduced the denitrification rate by regulating the dissolved oxygen and electrical conductivity of overlying water and absorbing soil nitrate nitrogen. Meanwhile, biochar application increased pH and stimulated the transfer of NH4+-N from soil to overlying water, thus increasing NH3 volatilization rates. Hence, there was a tradeoff between denitrification and NH3 volatilization in the saline soils induced by biochar application. PAM reduced the denitrification rate by increasing the infiltration inorganic nitrogen and slowing the conversion of ammonium to nitrate. Moreover, PAM reduced the concentration of NH4+-N in the overlying water through absorbing soil ammonium and inhibiting urea hydrolysis, thereby decreasing NH3 volatilization rate.

Characteristics Of The Structure Formation Of Gypsum Binder Modified With Zinc Hydrosilicates

2020 ◽  
pp. 40-46
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Structure Formation ◽  
Silicic Acid ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Crystal Formation ◽  
Ability To Act ◽  
Chemical Factors ◽  
Sorption Characteristics

The authors' methodic for assessing the role of chemical and physic-chemical factors during the structure formation of gypsum stone is presented in the article. The methodic is also makes it possible to reveal the synergistic effect and to determine the ranges of variation of controls factors that ensure maximum values of such effect. The effect of a micro-sized modifier based on zinc hydro-silicates on the structure formation of building gypsum is analyzed and corresponding dependencies are found. It is shown that effects of influence of modifier on the properties of gypsum compositions are determined by chemical properties of modifier. Among the mentioned properties are sorption characteristics (which depend on the amount of silicic acid and its state) and physicochemical properties - the ability to act as a substrate during crystal formation. The proposed method can also be extended to other binding substances and materials. This article contributes to the understanding of the processes that occur during the structure formation of composites, which will make it possible to control the structure formation in the future, obtaining materials with a given set of properties.

Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen Fluxes at Sediment-Water Interface in Yangtze Estuarine Tidal Flat

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 288-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huan Guang Deng ◽  
Dong Qi Wang ◽  
Zhen Lou Chen
Keyword(s):  
Tidal Flat ◽  
Environmental Gradients ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Yangtze Estuary ◽  
Water Interface ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Overlying Water ◽  
Spatial Differences ◽  
Estuary Sediment ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

Yangtze estuary data, collected over three years, indicates that the temporal and spatial distributions of the environmental gradients reflect complicated seasonal changes and spatial differences in the exchange flux of the dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN= NH4++ NO3-+ NO2-) across the sediment-water interface. Overall in northern sites of Yangtze estuary, sediment was a source of ammonium (NH4+) (-3.67~10.65 mmol·m-2·d-1) probably because of higher salinities. Sediment was a sink for NH4+ in southern sites (-18.45~3.33 mmol·m-2·d-1) during most years. The exchange behavior of nitrate (NO3-) showed temporal and spatial variation from the upper to lower estuary and ranged from-32.8 mmol·m-2·d-1 to 35.8 mmol·m-2·d-1. The interface exchange direction of ammonium was affected by NH4+ concentration, but the relationship between NO3- concentration and the direction of flux was not obvious. The concentration of nitrite (NO2-) was very low and its interface flux was not related to DIN concentration. Overall, the sediment of Yangtze Estuarine tidal flat was a source of DIN to overlying water in the spring, but a sink for DIN during the other three seasons of the year.

Influence of the Initial Nitrogen Concentration on Eliminating Nitrogen Load of Europhia Sediment Capping with Active Barrier System (ABS)

2011 ◽  
Vol 374-377 ◽  
pp. 498-503
Author(s):  
Jin Lan Xu ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Jun Chen Kang ◽  
Ting Lin Huang ◽  
Yu Hua Dong
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Overlying Water ◽  
Sediment Capping ◽  
Time Treatment ◽  
Total Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Active Barrier

Abstract: Active barrier system (ABS) capping zeolite with large surface area and strong adsorption ability is an effective way to control eutrophication of lake since it can remove ammonia in the lake released by sediment. Influence of the initial nitrogen concentration on eliminating nitrogen load of europhia sediment capping with active barrier system (ABS) were studied through an investigation of the repairment results of serious pollution period (total nitrogen concentration up to 25.33 mg/L), moderate pollution period (14.39 mg/L) and the slight pollution period (3.47 mg/L) of the ancient Canal of Yangzhou. The results showed that: (1) zeolite F1 inhibition effect is stronger than zeolite F2. More TN were removed as the initial TN concentration increased and longer rapid inhibit period were presented with the increased initial TN concentration. (2) The ammonia nitrogen in sediment could be rapidly released into the overlying water, and with lower initial TN concentration in source water, more ammonia would be released from the sediment. Long time treatment was necessary to inhibit the release of ammonia completely if the water showed a high initial TN concentration. (3) After covering zeolite, the total nitrogen in the overlying water were removed mainly through nitrification and denitrification. At the initial TN concentration of 3.47 mg/L, 14.39 mg/L, 25.88 mg/L, 61%, 45% and 52% of TN were removed by the conversion of ammonia to nitrogen gas, however, others left in water as nitrate nitrogen and nitrite residues, and 90% was nitrate nitrogen.

scholarly journals Changes in Soil Physicochemical Properties and Maize Production Following Improvement of Salt-Affected Soils Using Coal Bio-Briquette Ash in Northeast China

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuji Sakai ◽  
Chie Shimizu ◽  
Hironori Murata ◽  
Hitomi Seto ◽  
Ryosuke Fukushima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Northeast China ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Environmental Application ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Standard Values ◽  
Salt Affected Soils ◽  
Potential Improvement ◽  
Calcium Compounds

Soil degradation due to salinity and sodicity is one of the most important impediments to agricultural production. Coal bio-briquettes (CBB) made from coal, biomass, and desulfurizers have been proposed for use in desulfurization and usage of sustainable energy for coal and biomass in China. CBB ash contains calcium compounds such as calcium sulfate, calcium carbonate, and fly ash. The potential improvement of salt-affected soils using ashes from CBB made from two low-quality coals and/or organic manure (OM) was investigated in northeast China. The CBB ash application rates were 0 kg/m2 (control), 1.16 kg/m2, 2.32 kg/m2, 4.64 kg/m2, and 6.96 kg/m2. Following the application of CBB ash and/or co-application of OM, maize production increased significantly, compared to control plots. Moreover, co-application with OM resulted in higher maize production than application of CBB ash only. Soil pH, sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP), and Na+, HCO3−, and CO32− concentrations decreased, and Ca2+, Mg2+, and SO42− concentrations increased from the start of the experiment to harvesting time. Maize production showed a tendency to increase with increasing CBB ash/OM application rates. The decrease in pH, ESP, and HCO3−, and increase in Ca2+ in the application plots over time was particularly remarkable. Moreover, saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) after CBB ash application in the slightly and moderately salt-affected soils increased with increasing application rates. In case of the highest application rate (6.96 kg/m2), using ash from CBB made from lower quality coal, pH and ESP decreased from 9.47 to 7.61, and from 7.0% to 0.98%, respectively, and Ks increased drastically by three orders of magnitude. Therefore, not only soil chemical properties, but also Ks, were improved in salt-affected soils using CBB ash. In addition, the heavy metal content in CBB ashes was below the standard values according to Chinese guidelines. Taken together, these results demonstrate the feasibility of sustainable methods for energy usage and environmental application in China.

scholarly journals High-throughput sequencing analysis of the rhizosphere arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) community composition associated with Ferula sinkiangensis

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunfeng Luo ◽  
Zhongke Wang ◽  
Yaling He ◽  
Guifang Li ◽  
Xinhua Lv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Slope Position ◽  
Soil Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Ferula Sinkiangensis ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Ferula sinkiangensis is an increasingly endangered medicinal plant. Arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) are symbiotic microorganisms that live in the soil wherein they enhance nutrient uptake, stress resistance, and pathogen defense in host plants. While such AMF have the potential to contribute to the cultivation of Ferula sinkiangensis, the composition of AMF communities associated with Ferula sinkiangensis and the relationship between these fungi and other pertinent abiotic factors still remains to be clarified. Results Herein, we collected rhizosphere and surrounding soil samples at a range of depths (0–20, 20–40, and 40–60 cm) and a range of slope positions (bottom, middle, top). These samples were then subjected to analyses of soil physicochemical properties and high-throughput sequencing (Illumina MiSeq). We determined that Glomus and Diversispora species were highly enriched in all samples. We further found that AMF diversity and richness varied significantly as a function of slope position, with this variation primarily being tied to differences in relative Glomus and Diversispora abundance. In contrast, no significant relationship was observed between soil depth and overall AMF composition, although some AMF species were found to be sensitive to soil depth. Many factors significantly affected AMF community composition, including organic matter content, total nitrogen, total potassium, ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, available potassium, total dissolvable salt levels, pH, soil water content, and slope position. We further determined that Shannon diversity index values in these communities were positively correlated with total phosphorus, nitrate-nitrogen levels, and pH values (P < 0.05), whereas total phosphorus, total dissolvable salt levels, and pH were positively correlated with Chao1 values (P < 0.05). Conclusion In summary, our data revealed that Glomus and Diversispora are key AMF genera found within Ferula sinkiangensis rhizosphere soil. These fungi are closely associated with specific environmental and soil physicochemical properties, and these soil sample properties also differed significantly as a function of slope position (P < 0.05). Together, our results provide new insights regarding the relationship between AMF species and Ferula sinkiangensis, offering a theoretical basis for further studies of their development.

Research on Vegetable Waste Aeration Oxygen-Supply Compost and its Ammonia Volatilization

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 2845-2850
Author(s):  
Yan Yang ◽  
Ni Li ◽  
Qin Ping Sun ◽  
Ji Jin Li ◽  
Ben Sheng Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Oxygen Supply ◽  
Ammonia Volatilization ◽  
Nitrogen Loss ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Cattle Dung ◽  
Vegetable Waste ◽  
Corn Straw ◽  
Composting Process

Normally, because the water content is generally high in vegetable waste, the quality of aerobic composting can not be guaranteed. In order to solve this problem, this experiment, regarding lettuce waste and pumpkin straw as researching objects, by adding corn straw as auxiliary materials, chicken manure and cattle dung as regulators, conducts research on the process of aerobic fermentation and the ammonia volatilization in this process. The experiment sets up six treatments in total, they are respectively: A1 (lettuce + corn straw), A2 (lettuce + corn straw + chicken manure), A3 (lettuce + corn straw + cattle dung), B1 (pumpkin straw + corn straw), B2 (pumpkin straw + corn straw + chicken manure) and B3 (pumpkin straw + corn straw + cattle dung). After all treatments being mixed, the aerobic compost is conducted through aeration oxygen-supply and the physicochemical properties and material changes in the composting process have been monitored. The results show that: adding cattle dung has a greater impact on the process of vegetable waste composting than adding chicken manure, where, the germination indexes (GI) A3 and B3 adding cattle dung are respectively 7.10% and 3.44% higher than those of A2 and B2 in adding chicken manure; after the composting the C/N of all treatments are lower than their initial values and reach a significant level (P<0.0001), among them, C/Ns of A3 and B3 decrease to the greatest extent, which are 52.84% and 53% respectively; in the whole composting process, the quantity of ammonia volatilization in treatments adding chicken manure (A2 and B2) is significantly higher than that of adding cattle dung (A3 and B3). On the whole, adding cattle dung can better promote the decomposing process in vegetable waste composting and reduce nitrogen loss than adding chicken manure under conditions in this experiment.

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