BMI and age associated variations in the gut microbiome: A pan India, cross sectional study

Abstract In the current study, we aimed to investigate the association between gut microbiome composition and two physiological factors, BMI and age. We did not observe a significant relationship between occurrence of gut bacteria with BMI or age alone. On the other hand, we observed BMI and age together played an important role in impacting gut microbiota composition. Comparison of the microbiota of normal and obese subjects for the each of 20s and 50s group revealed 13 gut bacteria that show significantly different relative abundance in the two groups. We observed that certain organisms show opposite trends within the two age groups. Haemophilus parainfluenzae relative abundance was found to be increased in obese-20s group while reduced in obese-50s group. Relative abundance of organisms such as Mitsuokella jalaludini and Blautia obeum were reduced in obese-20s group while increased in obese-50s group as compared to the normal subjects of respective age group. On the other hand, a reduction in the average relative abundance of both M. jalaludini and B. obeum for obese group as compared to the normal in pan-India only BMI-based group comparison. While studying obesity-related gut microbiota changes, it is critical to consider multiple factors such as age and geography into the study design.

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Relationship between the Japanese-style diet, gut microbiota, and dementia: a cross-sectional study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-255821/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Naoki Saji ◽

Tsuyoshi Tsuduki ◽

Kenta Murotani ◽

Takayoshi Hisada ◽

Taiki Sugimoto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Function ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Cognitive Decline ◽

Gut Microbiome ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Dietary Composition ◽

Microbial Metabolites ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Fish And Shellfish ◽

Japanese Diet

Abstract Background Previous studies have shown associations between the gut microbiota, microbial metabolites, and cognitive decline. However, the effect of the dietary composition on such associations has not been fully investigated. Methods We performed a cross-sectional sub-analysis of data from our prospective hospital-based cohort study (the Gimlet study) to evaluate the relationships between dietary composition, cognitive decline, and the gut microbiota. All the participants of the Gimlet study had been provided with information regarding this sub-study in 2018. Patients were excluded if they were unable to provide sufficient data in the questionnaire regarding their dietary composition. We assessed their demographics, dietary composition, risk factors, cognitive function, results of brain imaging, gut microbiome, and microbial metabolites. On the basis of previous studies, a nine-component traditional Japanese diet index (JDI9), a 12-component modern JDI (JDI12), and a 12-component revised JDI (rJDI12), were defined. Higher JDI scores indicated greater conformity to the traditional Japanese diet. We then evaluated the relationships between the JDI scores, cognitive function, and the gut microbiome and microbial metabolites using multivariable logistic regression analyses. Results We analyzed data from 85 eligible patients (61% women; mean age: 74.6 ± 7.4 years; mean Mini-Mental State Examination score: 24 ± 5). Compared with participants with dementia, those without dementia were more likely to consume foods in the JDI12, including fish and shellfish (64.5% vs. 39.1%, P = 0.048), mushrooms (61.3% vs. 30.4%, P = 0.015), soybeans and soybean-derived foods (62.9% vs. 30.4%, P = 0.013), and coffee (71.0% vs. 43.5%, P = 0.024). There were non-significant trends towards lower fecal concentrations of gut microbial metabolites in participants with a more traditional Japanese diet. Participants with dementia had lower JDI9, JDI12, and rJDI12 scores than participants without dementia (dementia vs. non-dementia, median JDI9 score: 5 vs. 7, P = 0.049; JDI12: 7 vs. 8, P = 0.017; and rJDI12: 7 vs. 9, P = 0.006, respectively). Conclusions Adherence to a traditional Japanese diet was found to be inversely associated with cognitive decline and tended to be associated with lower concentrations of gut microbial metabolites. Trial registration: UMIN000031851.

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Alterations of the Gut Microbiota in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 or H1N1 Influenza

Clinical Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/cid/ciaa709 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 71 (10) ◽

pp. 2669-2678 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Silan Gu ◽

Yanfei Chen ◽

Zhengjie Wu ◽

Yunbo Chen ◽

Hainv Gao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Relative Abundance ◽

Influenza A ◽

Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽

Area Under The Curve ◽

H1n1 Influenza ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Microbial Composition ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Influenza A H1n1

Abstract Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging serious global health problem. Gastrointestinal symptoms are common in COVID-19 patients, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 RNA has been detected in stool specimens. However, the relationship between the gut microbiome and disease remains to be established. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study of 30 patients with COVID-19, 24 patients with influenza A(H1N1), and 30 matched healthy controls (HCs) to identify differences in the gut microbiota by 16S ribosomal RNA gene V3–V4 region sequencing. Results Compared with HCs, COVID-19 patients had significantly reduced bacterial diversity; a significantly higher relative abundance of opportunistic pathogens, such as Streptococcus, Rothia, Veillonella, and Actinomyces; and a lower relative abundance of beneficial symbionts. Five biomarkers showed high accuracy for distinguishing COVID-19 patients from HCs with an area under the curve (AUC) up to 0.89. Patients with H1N1 displayed lower diversity and different overall microbial composition compared with COVID-19 patients. Seven biomarkers were selected to distinguish the 2 cohorts (AUC = 0.94). Conclusions The gut microbial signature of patients with COVID-19 was different from that of H1N1 patients and HCs. Our study suggests the potential value of the gut microbiota as a diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for COVID-19, but further validation is needed.

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Gut microbiota: effect of pubertal status

BMC Microbiology ◽

10.1186/s12866-020-02021-0 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Xin Yuan ◽

Ruimin Chen ◽

Ying Zhang ◽

Xiangquan Lin ◽

Xiaohong Yang

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Relative Abundance ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Gut Microflora ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Pubertal Status ◽

Alpha And Beta Diversity ◽

Puberty Stages ◽

Androgen Levels

Abstract Background The make-up of gut microbiota at different puberty stages has not been reported. This cross-sectional study analyzed the bio-diversity of gut microbiota at different puberty stages. Result The subjects (aged 5–15 years) were divided into non-pubertal (n = 42, male%: 66.7%) or pubertal groups (n = 47, male%:44.68); in both groups, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria were the dominant phylum. There was no difference of alpha- and beta-diversity among disparate puberty stages. Non-pubertal subjects had members of the order Clostridiales, family Clostridiaceae, genus Coprobacillus which were significantly more prevalent than puberty subjects. Also, the pubertal subjects had members of class Betaproteobacteria, order Burkholderiales which were significantly more prevalent than the non-pubertal subjects. Their relative abundance was independent of BMI-Z. In the pubertal subjects, the abundance of genus Adlercreutzia, Ruminococcus, Dorea, Clostridium and Parabacteroides was associated with the level of testosterone. Conclusions This is the first report of the diversity of gut microbiota at different puberty stages. The various species of gut microbiota changed gradually associated with puberty stages. Differences in gut microflora at different pubertal status may be related to androgen levels.

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Gut Microbiota: Effect of Pubertal Status

10.21203/rs.3.rs-52945/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Xin Yuan ◽

Ruimin Chen ◽

Ying Zhang ◽

Xiangquan Lin ◽

Xiaohong Yang

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Relative Abundance ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Gut Microflora ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Pubertal Status ◽

Alpha And Beta Diversity ◽

Puberty Stages ◽

Androgen Levels

Abstract Background: The make-up of gut microbiota at different puberty stages has not been reported. This cross-sectional study analyzed the bio-diversity of gut microbiota at different puberty stages. Result: The subjects (aged 5-15 years) were divided into non-pubertal (n=42, male%: 66.7%) or pubertal groups (n=47, male%:44.68); in both groups, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria were the dominant phylum. There was no difference of alpha- and beta-diversity among disparate puberty stages. Non-pubertal subjects had members of the order Clostridiales, family Clostridiaceae, genus Coprobacillus which were significantly more prevalent than puberty subjects. Also, the pubertal subjects had members of class Betaproteobacteria, order Burkholderiales which were significantly more prevalent than the non-pubertal subjects. Their relative abundance was independent of BMI-Z. In the pubertal subjects, the abundance of genus Adlercreutzia, Ruminococcus, Dorea, Clostridium and Parabacteroides was associated with the level of testosterone.Conclusions: This is the first report of the diversity of gut microbiota at different puberty stages. The various species of gut microbiota changed gradually associated with puberty stages. Differences in gut microflora at different pubertal status may be related to androgen levels.

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The Prevalence and Distribution of Vitreoretinal Interface Abnormalities among Urban Community Population in China

Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1155/2015/742686 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Lei Liu ◽

Song Yue ◽

Jingyang Wu ◽

Jiahua Zhang ◽

Jie Lian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Macular Hole ◽

Urban Community ◽

Posterior Vitreous Detachment ◽

Age Groups ◽

Normal Subjects ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Vitreoretinal Interface ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Community Population ◽

Fundus Photographs

The aim of this research was to identify the prevalence and distribution of vitreoretinal interface abnormalities (VIAs) among urban community population in Shenyang, China. According to the WHO criteria, a cross-sectional study was carried out among 304 Type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients and 304 people without diabetes as control over 45 years old. The presence of VIAs was determined by standardized grading of macular optical coherence tomography (Optovue OCT; Optovue, Inc., Fremont, CA) scans and two-field fundus photographs in at least one eye. For both men and women, high prevalence of VIAs (70.79%) was observed among over 65-years-old T2D patients. Prevalence of VIAs was observed to be high among T2D patients in all age groups compared to normal subjects. Prevalence of VIAs increased with age in all subjects. Prevalence of components of VIAs was epiretinal membrane (ERM) 11.43%, posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) 17.76%, vitreomacular traction syndrome (VMT) 5.67%, macular cysts/macular edema (MC/ME) 4.61%, full-thickness macular hole (FTMH) 0.82%, and partial thickness macular hole (PTMH) 0.74% in any eye, respectively. ERM and MC/ME were more prevalent in T2D in both males and females. The results highlight the need for early detection using OCT and approaches for the prevention of VIAs of diabetes in urban community.

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Gut Microbiota: Effect of Pubertal Status

10.21203/rs.3.rs-52945/v4 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Xin Yuan ◽

Ruimin Chen ◽

Ying Zhang ◽

Xiangquan Lin ◽

Xiaohong Yang

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Relative Abundance ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Gut Microflora ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Pubertal Status ◽

Alpha And Beta Diversity ◽

Puberty Stages ◽

Androgen Levels

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Physicians’ experiences with euthanasia: a cross-sectional survey amongst a random sample of Dutch physicians to explore their concerns, feelings and pressure

BMC Family Practice ◽

10.1186/s12875-019-1067-8 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Kirsten Evenblij ◽

H. Roeline W. Pasman ◽

Johannes J. M. van Delden ◽

Agnes van der Heide ◽

Suzanne van de Vathorst ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Random Sample ◽

Assisted Suicide ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

The Other ◽

Recent Case ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Other Hand ◽

The One ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background Physicians who receive a request for euthanasia or assisted suicide may experience a conflict of duties: the duty to preserve life on the one hand and the duty to relieve suffering on the other hand. Little is known about experiences of physicians with receiving and granting a request for euthanasia or assisted suicide. This study, therefore, aimed to explore the concerns, feelings and pressure experienced by physicians who receive requests for euthanasia or assisted suicide. Methods In 2016, a cross-sectional study was conducted. Questionnaires were sent to a random sample of 3000 Dutch physicians. Physicians who had been working in adult patient care in the Netherlands for the last year were included in the sample (n = 2657). Half of the physicians were asked about the most recent case in which they refused a request for euthanasia or assisted suicide, and half about the most recent case in which they granted a request for euthanasia or assisted suicide. Results Of the 2657 eligible physicians, 1374 (52%) responded. The most reported reason not to participate was lack of time. Of the respondents, 248 answered questions about a refused euthanasia or assisted suicide request and 245 about a granted EAS request. Concerns about specific aspects of the euthanasia and assisted suicide process, such as the emotional burden of preparing and performing euthanasia or assisted suicide were commonly reported by physicians who refused and who granted a request. Pressure to grant a request was mostly experienced by physicians who refused a request, especially if the patient was ≥80 years, had a life-expectancy of ≥6 months and did not have cancer. The large majority of physicians reported contradictory emotions after having performed euthanasia or assisted suicide. Conclusions Society should be aware of the impact of euthanasia and assisted suicide requests on physicians. The tension physicians experience may decrease their willingness to perform euthanasia and assisted suicide. On the other hand, physicians should not be forced to cross their own moral boundaries or be tempted to perform euthanasia and assisted suicide in cases that may not meet the due care criteria.

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Do laypersons perceive aesthetic differences between coated and uncoated orthodontic archwires?

Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics ◽

10.1590/2177-6709.24.1.062-067.oar ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 62-67 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Célia Regina Maio Pinzan-Vercelino ◽

Ricardo Gabriel Calvet Campelo ◽

Claudia Gonçalves Fahd ◽

Meire Coelho Ferreira ◽

Melissa Proença Nogueira Fialho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Epoxy Resin ◽

Age Groups ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

The Other ◽

Niti Wire ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Coated Metal ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Aesthetic ◽

Orthodontic Archwires

ABSTRACT Introduction: Aesthetic brackets are routinely combined with metallic wires in fixed orthodontic therapy, mainly due to the disadvantages of the clinical use of aesthetic archwires. The current situation needs to be explored in the literature by considering laypersons’ perceptions. Objective: The objective of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate laypersons’ aesthetic perceptions of metal archwires with and without aesthetic coating. Three age ranges and both sexes were evaluated. Methods: A volunteer using fixed aesthetic orthodontic appliance was photographed wearing the following archwires: stainless steel, nickel-titanium (NiTi), NiTi coated with epoxy resin and NiTi coated with rhodium. Using a 100-mm visual analog scale, 90 laypersons evaluated the photographs. Sex and age ranges (18-30, 31-45, over 46 years of age) were evaluated. The comparisons between the archwires and between age ranges were made using ANOVA and Tukey’s test. Genders were compared using Mann-Whitney test. Results: The results showed that the evaluators considered the archwire coated with epoxy resin to be the most aesthetic (60.64 ± 13.04) and the NiTi wire to be the least aesthetic (30.82 ± 7.79) (p< 0.05). Only the range of 31-45 years of age considered the NiTi archwires less aesthetic, when compared with the other age groups. For the other archwires, no statistically significant difference were found between the age groups. No differences between the sexes were detected. Conclusions: The results indicated that the aesthetic coated archwires represent an improvement in the visual aspect of ceramic brackets. The epoxy-coated metal wire was considered the most aesthetic option.

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Gut microbial profile is altered in primary biliary cholangitis and partially restored after UDCA therapy

Gut ◽

10.1136/gutjnl-2016-313332 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 67 (3) ◽

pp. 534-541 ◽

Cited By ~ 116

Author(s):

Ruqi Tang ◽

Yiran Wei ◽

Yanmei Li ◽

Weihua Chen ◽

Haoyan Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Gut Microbiome ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Bacterial Invasion ◽

Primary Biliary Cholangitis ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Validation Data ◽

Microbial Profile ◽

Treatment Naïve

ObjectiveA close relationship between gut microbiota and some chronic liver disorders has recently been described. Herein, we systematically performed a comparative analysis of the gut microbiome in primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and healthy controls.DesignWe first conducted a cross-sectional study of 60 ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) treatment-naïve patients with PBC and 80 matched healthy controls. Second, an independent cohort composed of 19 treatment-naïve patients and 34 controls was used to validate the results. Finally, a prospective study was performed in a subgroup of 37 patients with PBC who underwent analysis before and after 6 months of UDCA treatment. Faecal samples were collected, and microbiomes were analysed by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing.ResultsA significant reduction of within-individual microbial diversity was noted in PBC (p=0.03). A signature defined by decreased abundance of four genera and increased abundance of eight genera strongly correlated with PBC (area under curve=0.86, 0.84 in exploration and validation data, respectively). Notably, the abundance of six PBC-associated genera was reversed after 6 months of UDCA treatment. In particular, Faecalibacterium, enriched in controls, was further decreased in gp210-positive than gp210-negative patients (p=0.002). Of interest was the finding that the increased capacity for the inferred pathway, bacterial invasion of epithelial cells in PBC, highly correlated with the abundance of bacteria belonging to Enterobacteriaceae.ConclusionsThis study presents a comprehensive landscape of gut microbiota in PBC. Dysbiosis was found in the gut microbiome in PBC and partially relieved by UDCA. Our study suggests that gut microbiota is a potential therapeutic target and diagnostic biomarker for PBC.

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Spirituality in Coping with Pain in Cancer Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study

Healthcare ◽

10.3390/healthcare9121671 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 1671

Author(s):

Sharon Shyrley Weyll Oliveira ◽

Rayzza Santos Vasconcelos ◽

Verônica Rabelo Santana Amaral ◽

Hélder Fernando Pedrosa e Sousa ◽

Maria Alzira Pimenta Dinis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Neuropathic Pain ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

The Other ◽

Northeastern Brazil ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Other Hand ◽

Painful Sensation ◽

The Impact

Spirituality has been identified as an adaptive coping strategy and a predictor of better quality of life in cancer patients. Despite the relevance of spirituality in the health–disease process, it is noted that the assessment of the impact of spirituality in coping with pain is still incipient. The objective of this study is to assess the impact of spirituality in coping with pain in cancer patients. This quantitative cross-sectional study was carried out in a medium-sized hospital and a cancer patient support institution located in northeastern Brazil. A questionnaire with sociodemographic and clinical variables was used and the following instruments were applied: Visual Analogue Scale (VAS); Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ); Neuropathic Pain 4 Questions (DN4); Spiritual Wellbeing Scale (SWBS); WHOQOL Spirituality, Religiousness and Personal Beliefs (WHOQOL-SRPB). Most people with no pain had higher scores on the SWBS. Neuropathic pain was identified in 23 patients and was associated with the highest level of spirituality used as a way of coping with pain. As faith increases, pain decreases in intensity by 0.394 points. On the other hand, as inner peace increases, pain increases by 1.485 points. It is concluded that faith is a strategy for coping with pain, in particular neuropathic pain, minimizing its intensity. On the other hand, greater levels of inner peace allow to increase the awareness of the painful sensation. It is expected that these findings may be useful to integrate spirituality care in healthcare facilities as a resource for positive coping for people in the process of becoming ill, contributing to the therapeutic path and favouring a new meaning to the experience of the disease.

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