scholarly journals Expression analysis and tissue localization of IgZ in the grouper Epinephelus coioides after Vibrio alginolyticus infection and vaccination

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao-Wu Fu ◽  
Zhan-Juan Yao ◽  
Miao Cui ◽  
Qi-Zhong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Head Kidney ◽  
Vibrio Alginolyticus ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Epinephelus Coioides ◽  
Farmed Fish ◽  
Transcriptional Changes

Abstract Background The orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) is an important marine farmed fish in China. It is affected by the bacterial pathogen Vibrio alginolyticus, which causes high mortality and substantial economic losses. Results We studied the transcriptional changes of the IgZ gene in E. coioides following V. alginolyticus stimulation and investigated the distribution of IgZ in different tissues. The highest expression level of IgZ occurred in the head kidney. When fish were exposed to live and inactivated V. alginolyticus, the expression levels of IgZ in head kidney, spleen, intestine, gill, and blood cell were significantly upregulated. In an in situ hybridization study, IgZ mRNA-positive cells were detected in head kidney, spleen, and gill, but positive signals were not detected in liver and intestine. IgZ-labeled cells increased in the head kidney, spleen, and gill post-infection with V. alginolyticus for 21 days. Conclusions The present study provided additional evidence that IgZ was involved in mucosal immune responses against pathogens. These results help explain the role of IgZ in E. coioides defense against V. alginolyticus infection.

scholarly journals Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) total RNA against ETEC challenge in a mouse model

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandi Liu ◽  
Yue Zhang ◽  
Di Zhang ◽  
Yun Bai ◽  
Guomei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Th2 Response ◽  
Total Rna ◽  
Etec Infection

AbstractEnterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), an essential cause of post-weaning diarrhea (PWD) in piglets, leads to significant economic losses to the pig industry. The present study aims to identify the role of ETEC total RNA in eliciting immune responses to protect animals against ETEC infection. The results showed that the total RNA isolated from pig-derived ETEC K88ac strain effectively stimulated the IL-1β secretion of porcine intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2). The mouse model immunized with ETEC total RNA via intramuscular injection (IM) or oral route (OR) was used to evaluate the protective efficiency of the ETEC total RNA. The results suggested that 70 μg ETEC total RNA administered by either route significantly promoted the production of the serum IL-1β and K88ac specific immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM, and IgA). Besides, the ETEC RNA administration augmented strong mucosal immunity by elevating K88ac specific IgA level in the intestinal fluid. Intramuscularly administered RNA induced a Th1/Th2 shift toward a Th2 response, while the orally administered RNA did not. The ETEC total RNA efficiently protected the animals against the ETEC challenge either by itself or as an adjuvant. The histology characterization of the small intestines also suggested the ETEC RNA administration protected the small intestinal structure against the ETEC infection. Particularly of note was that the immunity level and protective efficacy caused by ETEC RNA were dose-dependent. These findings will help understand the role of bacterial RNA in eliciting immune responses, and benefit the development of RNA-based vaccines or adjuvants.

scholarly journals Raw garlic (Allium sativum) improves nonspecific immune responses and resistance against Vibrio alginolyticus infection in grouper (Epinephelus coioides)

2022 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 757-766
Author(s):  
Huai-Ting Huang ◽  
Po-Tsang Lee ◽  
Zhen-Hao Liao ◽  
Cheng-Ting Huang ◽  
Hsiang-Yin Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Vibrio Alginolyticus ◽  
Epinephelus Coioides

scholarly journals TLR3-TRIF pathway activation by Neospora caninum RNA enhances infection control

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa dos Santos Miranda ◽  
Flávia Batista Ferreira França ◽  
Mylla Spirandelli da Costa ◽  
Vanessa Resende Souza Silva ◽  
Caroline Martins Mota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Parasitophorous Vacuole ◽  
Parasite Burden ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Pathway Activation ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Th1 Immune Responses

AbstractNeospora caninum is a protozoan parasite closely related to Toxoplasma gondii and has been studied for causing neuromuscular disease in dogs and abortions in cattle. It is recognized as the major cause of economic losses in bovine products. In that sense, this study aimed to evaluate the role of TLR3-TRIF dependent resistance against N. caninum infection. We observed that TLR3−/− and TRIF−/− mice presented higher parasite burden, increased inflammatory lesions and reduced production of IL-12p40, TNF, IFN-γ, and NO. Differently from T. gondii, N. caninum tachyzoites and its RNA recruited TLR3 and IRF3 to the parasitophorous vacuole (PV). We observed that N. caninum upregulated the expression of TRIF in macrophages, which by its turn upregulated IFN-α and IFN-β in the presence of the parasite. Furthermore, TRIF−/− infected macrophages produced lower levels of IL-12p40 and IFN-α replacement was able to completely restore the production of this key cytokine. Our results have shown that TLR3-TRIF signaling pathway enhances resistance against N. caninum infection, since it improves Th1 immune responses that control parasitism and tissue inflammation, which are hallmarks of the disease.

Role of convalescent plasma therapy in new Coronavirus disease (nCOVID-19): A review

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 546-549
Author(s):  
Shweta Dadarao Parwe ◽  
Milind Abhimanyu Nisargandha ◽  
Rishikesh Thakre
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
Preventive Treatment ◽  
The Body ◽  
Therapeutic Antibodies ◽  
Plasma Therapy ◽  
Host Immune Responses ◽  
Transparent Liquid

Hitherto, there is no proper line of treatment for the new (nCOVID19). The development of unique antiviral drugs has taken precedence. Therapeutic antibodies () will be a significantly beneficial agent against nCOVID-19. Here the host immune responses to new discussed in this review provide strategy and further treatment and understanding of clinical interventions against nCOVID-19. Plasma therapy uses the antibodies found in the blood of people recovering (or convalesced) from an infection to treat infected patients. When an infection occurs, the body begins producing proteins specially made to kill the germ, called antibodies. Those antibodies coat specifically plasma in the blood of survivors, the yellow transparent liquid blood portion for months or even years. research assesses plasma use from Convalescent patients of infected with nCOVID-19 as a possible preventive treatment. But it is not yet recommended as a line of treatment, and it is used as a clinical trial in the new in Indian population.

{10-12} Twinning Mechanism During In Situ Micro-Tensile Loading of Pure Mg: Role of Basal Slip and Twin-Twin Boundary Interaction

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolò Maria della Ventura ◽  
Szilvia Kalácska ◽  
Daniele Casari ◽  
Thomas Edward James Edwards ◽  
Johann Michler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Twin Boundary ◽  
Basal Slip ◽  
Tensile Loading ◽  
Boundary Interaction
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