scholarly journals Nano-Enhanced Electric-Field Treatment Harnessing Lightning-Rod Effect for Rapid Bacteria Inactivation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Wang ◽  
Devin k. Brown ◽  
Xing Xie
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Applied Voltage ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Modified Electrodes ◽  
Mechanism Study ◽  
Cell Level ◽  
Bacteria Inactivation ◽  
Pore Closure ◽  
Electric Field Treatment

Abstract The growth of undesired bacteria can cause numerous problems. Seeking effective and sustainable bacteria inactivation approaches is an everlasting effort. Here, we show that nano-enhanced electric field treatment (NEEFT) can cause rapid bacteria inactivation with a lower applied voltage than bulk EFT. A lab-on-a-chip with nanowedge-modified electrodes is developed, and the bacteria inactivation in NEEFT is visualized and studied in real-time at a single-cell level. Rapid bacteria inactivation (~ 1 ms) occurs specifically at nanowedge tips where the electric field is enhanced due to the lightning-rod effect. Nanowedges with a high aspect ratio are critical for bacteria inactivation. NEEFT works for both immobilized and free-moving cells, where the free-moving cells will be first attracted to the nanowedge tips followed by rapid inactivation. The mechanism study shows that the bacteria inactivation is caused by electroporation induced by the nano-enhanced electric field. The bacteria inactivation performance depends on the strength of the enhanced electric field instead of the applied voltage. Quick pore closure and membrane recovery under moderate NEEFT indicate that electroporation is the predominant mechanism. NEEFT only requires facile treatment to achieve bacteria inactivation, which is safe for treating delicate samples and energy-efficient for large scale applications. It is also expected to find applications for targeted cell inactivation.

scholarly journals Operando Investigation of the Locally Enhanced Electric Field Treatment (LEEFT) Harnessing Lightning-Rod Effect for Rapid Bacteria Inactivation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Wang ◽  
Devin k. Brown ◽  
Xing Xie
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Side Reactions ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Mechanism Study ◽  
Membrane Pore ◽  
Bacteria Inactivation ◽  
Pore Closure ◽  
Electric Field Treatment

Abstract The growth of undesired bacteria causes numerous problems. Here, we show that locally enhanced electric field treatment (LEEFT) can cause rapid bacteria inactivation by electroporation without any side reactions. The bacteria inactivation is studied in situ at the single-cell level on a lab-on-a-chip that has nanowedge-decorated electrodes. Rapid bacteria inactivation occurs specifically at nanowedge tips where the electric field is enhanced due to the lightning-rod effect. The mechanism study shows that the bacteria inactivation is caused by electroporation induced by the locally enhanced electric field. The bacteria inactivation performance depends on the strength of the enhanced electric field instead of the applied voltage, and no ROS generation is detected when >90% bacteria inactivation is achieved. Quick membrane pore closure under moderate LEEFT indicates that electroporation is the predominant mechanism. LEEFT only requires facile treatment to achieve bacteria inactivation, which is safe for treating delicate samples and energy-efficient for large scale applications. The findings in this work can provide strong supports for the future applications of LEEFT.

Emerging investigator series: locally enhanced electric field treatment (LEEFT) with nanowire-modified electrodes for water disinfection in pipes

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 397-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianfeng Zhou ◽  
Ting Wang ◽  
Wensi Chen ◽  
Beichen Lin ◽  
Xing Xie
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Modified Electrodes ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Coaxial Electrode ◽  
Electric Field Treatment

Assisted by perpendicularly-grown nanowires, a coaxial-electrode locally enhanced electric field treatment (LEEFT) device achieves high disinfection in pipes.

Development of nanowire-modified electrodes applied in the locally enhanced electric field treatment (LEEFT) for water disinfection

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (25) ◽  
pp. 12262-12277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianfeng Zhou ◽  
Cecilia Yu ◽  
Ting Wang ◽  
Xing Xie
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Modified Electrodes ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Electric Field Treatment

The desired properties, potential synthesis strategies, and an evaluation guideline of the electrodes are discussed with the review of the existing electrodes.

Effect of the Corona Discharge on ZnTe Film

2011 ◽  
Vol 314-316 ◽  
pp. 171-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Ri ◽  
Guo Rong Li
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Corona Discharge ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Discharge Current ◽  
Applied Voltage ◽  
Blue Shift ◽  
Negative Corona ◽  
Voltage Range ◽  
Negative Corona Discharge ◽  
Electric Field Treatment

The effect of corona electric field on the surface of Pr-doped ZnTe thin film was studied. The device which can produce the high-voltage corona electric field is developed and used. The V-A characteristics of positive and negative corona discharge between the adjacent needle plates were measured. Whether positive or negative corona discharge, the corona discharge current of the plate is increased with the applied voltage increasing; the voltage range of negative corona discharge is wider than that of the positive corona discharge, meanwhile under the same applied voltage, the negative corona discharge current is bigger, not only its curve is smooth, but also its discharge is stable. The thermal effect of electric field is small. The electric field strength is 7.0 kV•cm-1. By atomic force microscope, it is found that the size of particles becomes large and uniform, and the surface becomes rough with electric field treatment. The measurement results reveal that the average radius of particles is 108.70nm before the effect and 227.27nm after the effect. By UV-Vis Spectrophotometer, it is found that a strong optical absorption peak appears at the region of 220 - 250nm with electric field treatment. This means that the stronger light absorption peak turn out a blue shift under the effect of electric field. The phenomenon of the blue shift proves that the high-voltage corona electric field has an impact on the band gap of the film. The voltage range of the negative corona discharge is wide and stable. The thermal effect produced by the high-voltage corona electric field on the sample is very small, so usually it can be ignored. The high-voltage corona electric field can change the surface morphology of some films, makes the current density of the sample location increase in a small cross section. The negative high-voltage corona discharge should well be used to research in biophysics such as the transgenic plants. High-voltage corona discharge mutagenesis has become a new physical mutation technique. Introduction

scholarly journals FlsnRNA-seq: protoplasting-free full-length single-nucleus RNA profiling in plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanping Long ◽  
Zhijian Liu ◽  
Jinbu Jia ◽  
Weipeng Mo ◽  
Liang Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Full Length ◽  
Cell Level ◽  
Root Cells ◽  
Rna Profiling ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Long Read ◽  
Single Nucleus

AbstractThe broad application of single-cell RNA profiling in plants has been hindered by the prerequisite of protoplasting that requires digesting the cell walls from different types of plant tissues. Here, we present a protoplasting-free approach, flsnRNA-seq, for large-scale full-length RNA profiling at a single-nucleus level in plants using isolated nuclei. Combined with 10x Genomics and Nanopore long-read sequencing, we validate the robustness of this approach in Arabidopsis root cells and the developing endosperm. Sequencing results demonstrate that it allows for uncovering alternative splicing and polyadenylation-related RNA isoform information at the single-cell level, which facilitates characterizing cell identities.

scholarly journals Large-Scale Object Monitoring in Internet-of-Things: Energy-Efficient Perspectives

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 461
Author(s):  
Yongbin Yim ◽  
Euisin Lee ◽  
Seungmin Oh
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Technological Evolution ◽  
Node Density ◽  
Mobile Objects ◽  
Research Challenges ◽  
Energy Efficient Communication ◽  
Efficient Communication ◽  
Architectural Principles

Recently, the demand for monitoring a certain object covering large and dynamic scopes such as wildfires, glaciers, and radioactive contaminations, called large-scale fluid objects (LFOs), is coming to the fore due to disasters and catastrophes that lately happened. This article provides an analytic comparison of such LFOs and typical individual mobile objects (IMOs), namely animals, humans, vehicles, etc., to figure out inherent characteristics of LFOs. Since energy-efficient monitoring of IMOs has been intensively researched so far, but such inherent properties of LFOs hinder the direct adaptation of legacy technologies for IMOs, this article surveys technological evolution and advances of LFOs along with ones of IMOs. Based on the communication cost perspective correlated to energy efficiency, three technological phases, namely concentration, integration, and abbreviation, are defined in this article. By reviewing various methods and strategies employed by existing works with the three phases, this article concludes that LFO monitoring should achieve not only decoupling from node density and network structure but also trading off quantitative reduction against qualitative loss as architectural principles of energy-efficient communication to break through inherent properties of LFOs. Future research challenges related to this topic are also discussed.

scholarly journals Electrical Field-Assisted Gene Delivery from Polyelectrolyte Multilayers

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Yu-Che Cheng ◽  
Shu-Lin Guo ◽  
Kun-Da Chung ◽  
Wei-Wen Hu
Keyword(s):  
Gene Delivery ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Transfection Efficiency ◽  
Polyelectrolyte Multilayers ◽  
Aqueous Environment ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Electrical Field ◽  
Lbl Assembly ◽  
Electric Field Treatment

To sustain gene delivery and elongate transgene expression, plasmid DNA and cationic nonviral vectors can be deposited through layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly to form polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs). Although these macromolecules can be released for transfection purposes, their entanglement only allows partial delivery. Therefore, how to efficiently deliver immobilized genes from PEMs remains a challenge. In this study, we attempt to facilitate their delivery through the pretreatment of the external electrical field. Multilayers of polyethylenimine (PEI) and DNA were deposited onto conductive polypyrrole (PPy), which were placed in an aqueous environment to examine their release after electric field pretreatment. Only the electric field perpendicular to the substrate with constant voltage efficiently promoted the release of PEI and DNA from PEMs, and the higher potential resulted in the more releases which were enhanced with treatment time. The roughness of PEMs also increased after electric field treatment because the electrical field not only caused electrophoresis of polyelectrolytes and but also allowed electrochemical reaction on the PPy electrode. Finally, the released DNA and PEI were used for transfection. Polyplexes were successfully formed after electric field treatment, and the transfection efficiency was also improved, suggesting that this electric field pretreatment effectively assists gene delivery from PEMs and should be beneficial to regenerative medicine application.

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