Accumulation and Translocation of Eight Trace Metals by the Different Tissues of Abelmoschus Esculentus Moench. Irrigated With Untreated Wastewater

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalia Abd El-Azeem Ahmed ◽  
Tarek M. Galal ◽  
Hatim M. Al-Yasi ◽  
Loutfy M. Hassan ◽  
Dalia Fahmy Slima
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Translocation Factor ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Abelmoschus Esculentus ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Edible Part ◽  
Untreated Wastewater ◽  
Different Tissues

Abstract Usage of wastewater to irrigate crops increases in Egypt and the whole world as a result of water shortage. This study is conducted to explore the potential of Abelmoschus esculentus Moench. (Okra plant) to accumulate and translocate eight trace metals: lead: Pb, cadmium: Cd, chromium: Cr, copper: Cu, iron: Fe, manganese: Mn, nickel: Ni and zinc: Zn in its different tissues due to irrigation with untreated industrial wastewater. It extended to assess the effect of the irrigation with wastewater on the growth parameters, nutrients, pigments and organic contents of the cultivated okra plants.Two studied sites at South of Cairo was conducted, the first site (29°42'31.17" N and 31°15'11.56" E); represented by five cultivated fields irrigated with Nile water (control) and the second site (29°42'37.87" N and 31°17'14.53" E); fields irrigated with effluent receive untreated industrial wastewater. Three composite soil and irrigated water samples were collected from each site. A significant decrease in nutrients: nitrogen (N), Potassium (K) and Phosphorous (P) in soil and Plants were resulted due to irrigation with wastewater. Also, there was a significant increase in trace metals concentration in both soil and plants irrigated with wastewater. A significant decrement in okra growth parameters and leaves photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a and b and carotenoids) due to irrigation with wastewater. Iron was the highest accumulated metal in the plant's fruits (edible part) irrigated with wastewater. Also, the concentration of Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni and Zn (42.57, 140,67, 2756.67, 1293.33, 1326.67 and 877.83 mg kg− 1, respectively) was in the phytotoxic range. Wastewater irrigated okras accumulate all of the studied trace metals in their roots (Bioaccumulation factor: BF > 1). In contrast, okra plants had no accumulated trace metals strategy in their shoot, as translocation factor values were less than one. Authors recommended avoiding consuming okra plants cultivated in fields irrigated with wastewater due to high trace metals concentration in their edible part.

Rhineland on the Way to its Thousandth Anniversary or Water-Administration in the Next 100–200 Years

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
E. H. baron van Tuyll van Serooskerken
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Land Utilization ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Coastal Defence ◽  
The North ◽  
Policies And Measures ◽  
Water Provision ◽  
Water Administration

An inventory is made of the effects of sea level rise and expected climatic change on the level of the district water authorities in the Netherlands and especially the “hoogheemraadschap” of Rhineland in the next 100-200 years. Special attention is paid to the effects on land utilization, coastal defence and water control. The first is hard to describe by lack of research, the second can already be determined in terms of cost; the third can be described in its effects on brackishness and water provision with indication of policies and measures to be taken. Preliminary conclusions are that larger efforts on coastal defence - even with present techniques - will be a realistic answer in terms of cost. The foreseen increase of brackishness in area and salt concentration, will give a significant extra need for fresh water. High cost and even higher risks have to be expected with regard to measures to neutralize the effects of a water surplus in winter and a growing water shortage in (late) summer, while the cost will further grow. Because of the effect a larger area must be drained off and water has to be raised higher as the Netherlands will sink in relation to the North Sea.

scholarly journals Effect of Light Stress on Germination and Growth Parameters of Corchorus olitorius, Celosia argentea,Amaranthus cruentus, Abelmoschus esculentus and Delonix regia

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 468-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akinbode Foluso OLOGUNDUDU ◽  
Adekunle Ajayi ADELUSI ◽  
Kehinde Peter ADEKOYA
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Light Stress ◽  
Abelmoschus Esculentus ◽  
Corchorus Olitorius ◽  
Direct Sunlight ◽  
Amaranthus Cruentus ◽  
Delonix Regia ◽  
Celosia Argentea ◽  
Shade Plants

Seeds of Abelmoschus esculentus, Amaranthus cruentus, Celosia argentea, Corchorus olitorius and Delonix regia were germinated under light and dark conditions. The germination parameters revealed that germination was higher in seeds of A. cruentus and C. olitorus under light while the seeds of D. regia germinated more in the dark. However, no major difference was observed in the germination of C. argentea and A. esculentus in light and darkness. The above findings point out that germination is species dependent. It also indicated that Amaranthus cruentus and C. olitorius adapt better to light while D. regia adapt better to dark condition. The shade plants of A. esculentus and D. regia were found to be taller than those under direct sunlight. However, seedlings of A. cruentus, C. olitorius and C. argentea were found to be taller those under direct sunlight than in the shade regimes. This could suggest that these plants have higher tolerance of heat with respect to A. esculentus and D. regia. Shade plants of A. esculentus, C. argentea, C. olitorius and D. regia exhibited lower leaf area which is an adaptation to maximize light interception. Higher leaf area was observed in the shade plant of A. cruentus may be an adaptation to maximize the little light available to the plant under shade. These findings revealed plants adaptation to cope with stress in the environment.

scholarly journals High Strength Wastewater Reclamation Capacity of Vetiver Grass in Tropics: The Case of Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 117863022110601
Author(s):  
Mekonnen Birhanie Aregu ◽  
Negasa Eshete Soboksa ◽  
Girum Gebremeskel Kanno
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Translocation Factor ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Tannery Effluent ◽  
Vetiver Grass ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation

It is generally accepted that industrial wastewater like tannery effluent is high strength wastewater. The aim of this study was to examine the capacity of Vetiver grass for the treatment of high strength wastewater in a constructed wetland. Two constructed wetland beds were designed and one of them was not planted used as a control group. The grass was planted with 20 cm by 20 cm distance from each seedling. The biometric characteristics of Vetiver grass was evaluated by taking randomly selected clusters of the grass. The concentration of chromium in the extract of parts of the grass was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The Chromium bioaccumulation and Translocation factor was estimated. Composite samples before and after treatment of 4 different hydraulic retention time was collected. The physiochemical analysis of the wastewater has been carried out. The constructed wetland bed with Vetiver grass performed that, BOD, COD, NH4-N, NO3-N, TN, PO4-P, and TP were reduced at the retention time of 9 days by 91.9%, 96.3%, 62%, 86%, 88.7%, 96.3%, and 92.2% respectively. Chromium was also reduced by 97% at retention time of both 7 and 9 days over the planted bed. The bed with plant performs significantly better than without plant at P-value <.01. Therefore, Vetiver grass has a capacity to reclaim high strength industrial wastewater in tropical areas.

scholarly journals Effect of irrigation salinity on the growth and yield of two Aus rice cultivars of Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahmina Khanam ◽  
Nahid Akhtar ◽  
MA Halim ◽  
Feroza Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Tiller Number ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Growth Reduction ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Yield Parameters ◽  
Pot Culture

The experiment was conducted to clarify the growth and yield response of two rice cultivars, BR55 and BR43 under salt stress. Six different concentrations of NaCl viz 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 mM and distilled water (control) were applied on the rice cultivars which were grown under pot culture condition. Growth parameters like plant height, tiller number, leaf number and leaf area were negatively affected by salinity in both cultivars. Salt stress caused a significant reduction in yield in both cultivars of rice. Growth reduction was higher in BR43 than in BR55.The reduction in yield and yield parameters were found to be lower in BR55 than those in BR43. The results obtained in the present study suggest that BR55 showed higher salt tolerance than in BR43. Jahangirnagar University J. Biol. Sci. 7(2): 1-12, 2018 (December)

Phenology, leaf gas exchange, growth, and seed yield in contrasting Medicago truncatula and Medicago laciniata populations during prolonged water deficit and recovery

Botany ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasreddine Yousfi ◽  
Ines Slama ◽  
Chedly Abdelly
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Medicago Truncatula ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Leaf Relative Water Content

The aims of this study were to investigate the effect of prolonged water stress and recovery on phenology, growth, and seed yield in Tunisian contrasting populations of Medicago truncatula and Medicago laciniata . After ample irrigation for 24 days, the plants of each population were divided into two lots: the first lot was irrigated at 100% field capacity (FC), and the second at only 45% FC. After 24 days of treatment, one lot of dehydrated plants was rewatered at 100% FC, while the other was maintained at 45% FC. Interspecific and intraspecific differences were found in phenological responses to water deficit. All growth parameters were more reduced in M. truncatula populations than in M. laciniata populations. The water shortage tolerance of M. laciniata populations was associated with a lower metabolic impairment of photosynthesis and maintenance of relatively higher leaf relative water content. Seed yield was also more reduced in M. truncatula populations compared with M. laciniata populations. In M. laciniata, seed mass was a compensation mechanism to sustain seed yield under drought conditions. Seed yield variation between populations under water deficit was explained mainly by variation in seed number per plant.

scholarly journals Effect of different spacing and mulching on growth and yield of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) in Chitwan, Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 168-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ritesh Kumar Jha ◽  
Ram Babu Neupane ◽  
Abishkar Khatiwada ◽  
Shailesh Pandit ◽  
Bhishma Raj Dahal
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Abelmoschus Esculentus ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Panicum Repens ◽  
Plot Design

Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) is one of the most important vegetable crop of Nepal. Its yield and growth parameters are affected by different cultural practices. This study was conducted at Olericulture Farm of Agriculture and Forestry University, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal during April 29 to July 9 of 2018. The field experiment was carried out in split plot design using three replications. The treatments consisted of three intra row spacing (30, 45 and 60 cm) and four different mulching materials (Silver plastic, Panicum repens, Lantana camara and bare soil). The objective of this experiment was to assess the effects of various intra-row spacings and mulching materials on growth and yield of okra. The effect of mulching materials on okra yield was found significant. The okra yield was highest (8104 kg/ha) under silver plastic mulch followed by control (5161kg/ha), Panicum repens (3901kg/ha) and Lantana camera (3701kg/ha), respectively. Silver plastic mulch enhanced the growth parameters like canopy length, plant height, leaf number, leaf length, girth and yield of okra. The spacings provided non significant effect on okra yield, however the yield of okra was highest (7295 kg/ha) under 30×30 cm spacing followed by 45×30 cm (4660 kg/ha) and 60 cm × 30 cm spacing (3703 kg/ha), respectively. Combination of silver plastic mulch along with 30 cm × 30 cm spacing provided the highest okra yield. This study suggests that farmers of the Chitwan should grow okra at spacing of 30 cm × 30 cm and under silver plastic mulch to produce higher yield.

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