Phenology, leaf gas exchange, growth, and seed yield in contrasting Medicago truncatula and Medicago laciniata populations during prolonged water deficit and recovery

Botany ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasreddine Yousfi ◽  
Ines Slama ◽  
Chedly Abdelly
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Medicago Truncatula ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Leaf Relative Water Content

The aims of this study were to investigate the effect of prolonged water stress and recovery on phenology, growth, and seed yield in Tunisian contrasting populations of Medicago truncatula and Medicago laciniata . After ample irrigation for 24 days, the plants of each population were divided into two lots: the first lot was irrigated at 100% field capacity (FC), and the second at only 45% FC. After 24 days of treatment, one lot of dehydrated plants was rewatered at 100% FC, while the other was maintained at 45% FC. Interspecific and intraspecific differences were found in phenological responses to water deficit. All growth parameters were more reduced in M. truncatula populations than in M. laciniata populations. The water shortage tolerance of M. laciniata populations was associated with a lower metabolic impairment of photosynthesis and maintenance of relatively higher leaf relative water content. Seed yield was also more reduced in M. truncatula populations compared with M. laciniata populations. In M. laciniata, seed mass was a compensation mechanism to sustain seed yield under drought conditions. Seed yield variation between populations under water deficit was explained mainly by variation in seed number per plant.

scholarly journals Influence of drought stress on growth, biochemical changes and leaf gas exchange of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) in Indonesia

2022 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-60
Author(s):  
Yenni ◽  
◽  
Mohd Hafiz Ibrahim ◽  
Rosimah Nulit ◽  
Siti Zaharah Sakimin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Leaf Relative Water Content ◽  
Strawberry Cultivars

<abstract> <p>Drought stress is one of the challenges that can affect the growth and the quality of strawberry. The study aims to determine the growth, biochemical changes and leaf gas exchange of three strawberry cultivars under drought stress. This study was conducted in a glasshouse at Indonesian Citrus and Subtropical Fruits Research Institute, Indonesia, from July-November 2018. The experiment was arranged in a factorial randomized completely block design (RCBD) with three replications and four water deficit (WD) levels [100% field capacity (FC)/well-watered), 75% of FC (mild WD), 50% of FC (moderate WD), and 25% of FC (severe WD)] for three strawberry cultivars (Earlibrite, California and Sweet Charlie). The results showed that total chlorophyll and anthocyanin contents (p ≤ 0.05) were influenced by the interaction effects of cultivars and water deficit. Whereas other parameters such as plant growth, transpiration rate (<italic>E</italic>), net photosynthesis (<italic>A</italic>), stomatal conductance (<italic>gs</italic>), leaf relative water content (LRWC), flowers and fruits numbers, proline content, length, diameter, weight and total soluble solid (TSS) of fruit were affected by water deficit. <italic>A</italic> had positive significant correlation with plant height (r = 0.808), leaf area (r = 0.777), fruit length (r = 0.906), fruit diameter (r = 0.889) and fruit weight (r = 0.891). Based on the results, cultivars affected LRWC, and also number of flowers and fruits of the strawberry. This study showed that water deficit decreased plant growth, chlorophyll content, leaf gas exchange, leaf relative water content, length, diameter and weight of fruit but enhanced TSS, anthocyanin, MDA, and proline contents. Increased anthocyanin and proline contents are mechanisms for protecting plants against the effects of water stress. California strawberry had the highest numbers of flowers and fruits, and also anthocyanin content. Hence, this cultivar is recommended to be planted under drought stress conditions. Among all water stress treatments, 75% of FC had the best results to optimize water utilization on the strawberry plants.</p> </abstract>

Relationships between physiological traits and productivity of sugarcane in response to water deficit

2012 ◽  
Vol 152 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. DE A. SILVA ◽  
J. L. JIFON ◽  
J. A. G. DA SILVA ◽  
C. M. DOS SANTOS ◽  
V. SHARMA
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Leaf Relative Water Content ◽  
Sugarcane Productivity ◽  
Response To Water

SUMMARYThe relationships between physiological variables and sugarcane productivity under water deficit conditions were investigated in field studies during 2005 and 2006 in Weslaco, Texas, USA. A total of 78 genotypes and two commercial varieties were studied, one of which was drought-tolerant (TCP93-4245) and the other drought-sensitive (TCP87-3388). All genotypes were subjected to two irrigation regimes: a control well-watered treatment (wet) and a moderate water-deficit stress (dry) treatment for a period of 90 days. Maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), estimated chlorophyll content (SPAD index), leaf temperature (LT), leaf relative water content (RWC) and productivity were measured. The productivity of all genotypes was, on average, affected negatively; however, certain genotypes did not suffer significant reduction. Under water deficit, the productivity of the genotypes was positively and significantly correlated with Fv/Fm, SPAD index and RWC, while LT had a negative correlation. These findings suggest that genotypes exhibiting traits of high RWC values, high chlorophyll contents and high photosynthetic radiation use efficiency under low moisture availability should be targeted for selection and variety development in programmes aimed at improving sugarcane for drought prone environments.

Effect of irrigation termination on yield of soybeans in southern New South Wales

1977 ◽  
Vol 17 (84) ◽  
pp. 156
Author(s):  
JA Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
New South ◽  
Irrigation Schedule ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Full Size ◽  
Irrigation Period ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Leaf Relative Water Content

The seasonal water demand and the influence of the time of final irrigation on seed yield of soybeans was determined under furrow irrigation. The three times of final irrigation were ten days after the end of flowering; when the top pods contained full size beans; and when 95 per cent of the pods had turned brown (P95). Measurements of plant height, percent ground cover and leaf relative water content indicated that the irrigation schedule imposed did not limit crop growth. Crop water use was 730 mm or 76 per cent of pan evaporation. Highly significant increases in seed yield due mainly to increased seed weight were obtained by extending the irrigation period. Applying water after the top pods contained full size beans increased yield by 538 kg ha-1 or 16.1 per cent. There was little effect on oil and protein content. The number of days from emergence to P95 was increased from 108 to 11 9 by later irrigations. The irrigation schedule should keep water readily available until physiological maturity of the crop; for cv. Clark 63 this is only three days prior to P95.

scholarly journals DIVERSE STRATEGIES OF RHODODENDRON (Rhododendron sp.) GENOTYPES IN THE WATER SHORTAGE MANAGEMENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-165
Author(s):  
Peter Ferus ◽  
Dominika Bošiaková ◽  
Jana Konôpková ◽  
Peter Hoťka
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Proline Accumulation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Summer Drought ◽  
Free Proline ◽  
Resistance Strategies ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Leaf Relative Water Content

Rhododendrons in numerous gardens in Central Europe are frequently endangered by adverse summer drought periods associated with the climate change. Therefore, in this work drought-resistance strategies in recent genotypes of these highly aesthetic shrubs were investigated. Dehydrated Rhododendron groenlandicum ‘Helma’, R. obtusum ‘Michiko’ and R. hybridum ‘Polarnacht’ showed high initial stomatal conductances (gS), after few days steeply falling to the stable minimum at ca. 20, 85 and 70% leaf relative water content (RWC), respectively. Except of ‘Polarnacht’, they had relatively large specific leaf area and ‘Michiko’ also free proline accumulation. On the other hand, R. repens ‘Scarlet Wonder’ and R. hybridum ‘Red Jack’ started with half gS values, continuously declining 1.5–2 fold longer compared to the first group of genotypes (RWC of ca. 60 and 75%, respectively). Both produced relatively thick leaves but did not show any osmotic adjustment. Among observed drought-resistance strategies, lower and longer period active transpiration with stomata sensitive to the water loss, as found in R. repens ‘Scarlet Wonder’ and R. × hybridum ‘Red Jack’, were accepted as the most effective for drought-affected rhododendron plantations.

Responses of young plants of Vachellia farnesiana to drought

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (8) ◽  
pp. 587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josiane Moura ◽  
Evandro A. Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Simultaneous Increase ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Chlorophylls A And B ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Environment Experiment ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Water availability in soil modulates plant acclimatisation responses in different habitats. In this study, we evaluated the effect of water deficit on the physiological, biochemical and growth responses of Vachellia farnesiana. Open environment experiment was conducted during 90 days and two conditions of hydration were tested: full hydration (H) and water deficit (WD) at 25% of field capacity. The relative water content (RWC) of the leaves under WD showed a 30.2% decrease (P &lt; 0.01), compared with the hydrated plants at 30 days. A decrease in the RWC led to decrease in the osmotic potential (Ψs), quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm) and lesser content of chlorophylls a and b under WD. A greater carotenoid content and simultaneous increase in the content of proline, H2O2 and phenolic compounds of the leaves was also observed in WD. Water deficit also promoted differences in the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content of the leaves when compared with hydrated plants. Although they showed growth deficit, plants of V. farnesiana demonstrated resistance to WD through physiological and biochemical adjustments.

scholarly journals Elevated Nitrogen Priming Induced Oxinitro-Responses and Water Deficit Tolerance in Rice

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 381
Author(s):  
Kamolchanok Umnajkitikorn ◽  
Mitsutaka Fukudome ◽  
Toshiki Uchiumi ◽  
Neung Teaumroong
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Dissolved Nitrogen ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Root Nitrogen

Under water deficit conditions, the essential macronutrient nitrogen becomes limited as a result of reduced dissolved nitrogen and root nitrogen uptake. An elevated nitrogen level might be able to mitigate these effects, integrated with the idea of using nitric oxide as abiotic stress tolerant inducers. In this study, we evaluated the potential of using elevated nitrogen priming prior to water shortage to mitigate plant stress through nitric oxide accumulation. We grew rice plants in 300 mg L−1 nitrogen for 10 weeks, then we primed plants with four different nitrogen concentrations: 100, 300 (control), 500 and 1000 mg L−1 nitrogen prior to inducing water deficit conditions. Plants primed with 500 mg L−1 nitrogen possessed a higher photosynthetic rate, relative water content, electrolyte leakage and lipid peroxidation under water deficit conditions, compared to control plants. The induction of water deficit tolerance was supported with the activation of antioxidant defense system, induced by the accumulation of nitric oxide in leaves and roots of rice plants. We originally demonstrated the accumulation of nitric oxide in leaves of rice plants. The elevated nitrogen priming can be used to enhance water deficit tolerance in irrigated paddy fields, instead of nitric oxide donors.

scholarly journals Enhanced Drought Tolerance of Arabica Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) by Grafting Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. 3219-3229
Author(s):  
Ngoc-Thang Vu ◽  
Jong-Man Park ◽  
Ngoc-Quat Nguyen ◽  
Trong-Truong-Son Nguyen ◽  
Il-Soep Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Ion Leakage ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Coffee Plants

The objective of this study was to evaluate grafting method to improve the drought tolerance of Coffea arabica. Using C. arabica species as scions, and C. robusta as rootstock, the grafted plant was compared with the non-grafted plant (C. arabica) under water deficit condition. The result shown that growth parameters such as plant height, leaf length, and leaf width of the grafted coffee plants were higher than those of the non-grafted. The leaf area, fresh and dry weight of plants were highly reduced in non-grafted coffee plants. The leaf chlorophyll content (SPAD) and chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) values of the grafted and non-grafted coffee plants decreased significantly with increasing duration under water deficit condition. The SPAD and Fv/Fm values of the two coffee types were also increased significantly with increasing duration after re-watering. Compared to the non-grafted plants, higher values of SPAD, Fv/Fm and relative water content in the leaf were observed in the grafted coffee plants. Moreover, lower values of relative ion leakage were observed in the grafted coffee plants after three days of water withholding and one month after re-watering. On the other hand, the grafted coffee plants showed enhanced drought tolerance by reducing the percentages of wilting plant under water deficit condition, and increasing the recovery percentages after re-watering.

scholarly journals Seed discontinuous hydration does not benefit germination, but improves drought tolerance of Triplaris gardneriana seedlings

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. e55992
Author(s):  
Rafael Silva Freitas ◽  
Marcos Vinicius Meiado ◽  
Elizamar Ciríaco da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Leaf Relative Water Content ◽  
Effects Of Drought ◽  
Seedling Leaf

The discontinuous seed hydration enables the acquisition of tolerance to environmental stresses, causing a stress imprint. It may modify metabolic patterns and lead to improved stress responses. This study aims to evaluate the effects of discontinuous hydration on germination and on seedling growth of Triplaris gardneriana Wedd. under intermittent drought. The seeds have gone through cycles (0, 1, 2 and 3) of hydration and dehydration (HD). The seedlings produced were subjected to water deficit (daily watering and intervals of seven and fourteen days between watering). Seed germinability parameters and, relative growth rate (RGR) of seedling, leaf area, dry matter yield and leaf relative water content (RWC) were evaluated. The HD cycles did not benefit germination, but two HD cycles induced a better biomass accumulation and increased leaf area in seedlings under moderate water deficit, while three HD cycles promoted an increase in RGR and influenced the RWC values. Severe stress affects seedling growth, but subjection to HD cycles minimizes the deleterious effects of drought, suggesting discontinuous hydration acts leading stress imprint in plants.

scholarly journals Qualitative characterization of secondary metabolites of Paspalum virgatum weed under different water conditions

2020 ◽  
pp. 1563-1567
Author(s):  
Paulo Cesar Laurindo Silva ◽  
Oscar Mitsuo Yamashita ◽  
Ivone Vieira da Silva ◽  
Ivone Vieira da Silva ◽  
Adriano Maltezo da Rocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Stems And Leaves

The presence of weeds amid pastures has caused significant damage to cattle farmers due to the difficulty in controlling these species. Paspalum virgatum stands out as an aggressive weed in Amazonian agroecosystems. Proper management of weed species is threatened by their aggressiveness, adaptation to low fertility soils and morphological, physiological and biochemical similarities with the grasses used as fodder. It is also possible that part of these characteristics of aggressiveness occur due to the ability of weeds to produce allelochemicals, resulting in damage to surrounding plants. The objective of this study was to qualitatively verify the presence of secondary metabolites in P. virgatum species under different water availability. The analyzed species were initially grown separately under three conditions of water availability: water deficit, field capacity and flooded environment. The water deficit treatment was conducted to verify weed ability to develop under conditions of extreme water shortage. This is a characteristic related to its rusticity, as found in grasses in the Amazon region. Excess water treatments were also conducted, since this is a common condition found in areas with partial flooding of a few months during the rainy season in the Amazon. After 120 days, weeds were collected and separated into roots, stems and leaves. The material was subsequently dried, ground and subjected to procedures to determine secondary metabolites. Phenolic compounds, flavonoids and alkaloids were identified in all conditions of plant development. The flavonoid detection test presented an intense yellow color. This is a strong indication of the presence of this class in stems and leaves of plants under flood and in leaves of plants under field capacity soil conditions. An intense presence of phenolic compounds was verified in stems and leaves, regardless of treatment. General alkaloids were found in great intensity in all samples. Saponins were found in leaves of P. virgatum under water stress (flooding and water deficit). All the metabolites were found in the plants, diverging between treatments and parts of the plant. It was concluded that the species presented higher steroid content in the roots when growing in places with excess of water. In conditions of full water supply, the presence of steroid was less intense in the roots, leaves and stems, result also found in roots and leaves of plants under water deficit. Alkaloids were less intensely present in the roots, regardless of the water treatment in which the plant was submitted. Results demonstrated that there are secondary metabolites responsible for some physiological ability of the weed to withstand excess or water deficit, indicating the need for further studies

Physiological Aspects of Racomitrium crispipilum Taylor A. (Jaeger) during Dry Season in Páramo de Chingaza, Colombia

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Andrés Felipe Barón ◽  
Walther García ◽  
Luz Marina Melgarejo ◽  
Luis Carlos Montenegro
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Soluble Protein ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
The Hours ◽  
Peroxidase Enzyme ◽  
Response To Water

In order to study the response to water deficit of the moss Racomitrium crispipilum (Taylor) A. Jaeger, a bryophyte typical of open sites and expose to water shortage, measurements of its soluble protein and proline contents, and enzymatic activity of catalase and peroxidase were made. Sampling was done in the Páramo de Chingaza, eastern mountain range of Colombia, in the zone of Lagunas de Buitrago during the dry season. We determined that R. crispipilum diminish its relative water content (RWC) from 50% to 4% of its dry mass (DM) (i.e. to <10% of its capacity), without losing the ability to synthesize proteins in the rehydration. Declining RWC was associated with declining soluble protein content and increased activities of catalase and peroxidase. Enzyme activities peacked in the hours at which R. crispipilum exhibited its minimum RWC (21.02 U mg protein-1 min-1 for catalase and 172.66 for peroxidase). Proline was found to be high during the hours of maximum RWC and the earliest hours of diminishing RWC, between 60 and 87.07 mg g dry mass-1 and declines to 18.98 during the afternoon. The results reported in this study give the first evidence that the activities of catalase and peroxidase increase in this species in response to conditions of water deficit. This is likely to be an important component in the mechanism by which this moss tolerates drought periods.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document