scholarly journals Difference In The Topological Organization of White Matter Structural Connectome Between Methamphetamine and Heroin Use Disorder 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Li ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Zhuomin Lyu ◽  
Jiajie Chen ◽  
Yichen Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Psychological Status ◽  
Heroin Use ◽  
Heroin Use Disorder ◽  
Network Strength ◽  
Topological Organization ◽  
Structural Connection

Abstract Background: Both methamphetamine use disorder (MAUD) and heroin use disorder (HUD) were related to the activation of the dopamine transmission, while the psychological symptoms caused by HUD and MAUD were significantly different. The topological organization of structural connection that may underlie these differences remains unknown. Methods: Demographic matched 23 male MAUD patients, 20 HUD patients, and 21 healthy controls (HC) participated in the analysis. Diffusion tensor imaging and probabilistic tractography were used for white matter network construction. Psychological symptoms were evaluated by the Symptom Checklist-90. Differences of graph-level and nodal-level properties among groups were explored. The network Hubs distribution and the relationship between the network alteration and psychological status were identified. Results: MAUD patients demonstrated significantly increased scores in anxiety, hostility, and schizophrenia nuclear symptoms. HUD group showed significantly increased global efficiency and network strength than HC and increased network strength than MAUD. Compared with HUD, the MAUD group showed significantly decreased nodal strength and efficiency distributed mainly in the temporal, parietal and occipital regions. We also found the network Hubs were decreased in MAUD group but increased in HUD group. The nodal strength in right superior temporal gyrus was significantly correlated with the psychological scores in MAUD patients. Conclusion: These findings reflect the significant differences in topological structural connection between HUD and MAUD patients. These pieces of evidences help shed some light on the neurobiological mechanisms of the psychological difference between HUD and MAUD, and extend our understanding of the structural disruption underline the MAUD related psychological symptoms.

scholarly journals Study on Cerebral White Matter Microstructural Integrity of Parents Who Lost Their Only Child

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Wu ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Jingsong Xiao ◽  
Hongan Tian ◽  
Guobin Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Psychological Status ◽  
Cerebral White Matter ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Only Child ◽  
Emotional Symptoms ◽  
Shidu Parents ◽  
Microstructural Integrity

Abstract Background The parents who lost their only child and do not bear or adopt another child are known as Shidu parents in China. They have a higher risk of developing mental disorders, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or depression. Evaluating the neurobiological mechanisms of the development of early emotional symptoms might provide an understanding of mental diseases in Shidu parents. Objective The present study aimed to investigate the microstructural integrity of white matter (WM) in Shidu parents without any diagnosis of mental illness based on diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Methods This study consisted of Shidu parents and well-matched healthy controls (HCs). No significant differences were detected with respect to the gender ratio, age, and education level. All participants underwent DTI sequence, tested by the symptom check-list 90 (SCL_90), to assess the psychological status. Also, a whole-brain tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) approach was used to examine the microstructural integrity of WM tracts in each participant. Results Compared to HCs, the Shidu group showed reduced fractional anisotropy (FA) in the left uncinate fasciculus (UF), superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF), and increased radial diffusion (RD) and mean diffusion (MD) in the same WM regions. In the Shidu group, the FA value in the left UF were significantly correlated with SCL_90 subscale scores, including anxiety, depression, and interpersonal sensitivity (all p<0.005), while a negative correlation was established between FA values in the left UF and traumatic time (p=0.024). Furthermore, Shidu women had reduced FA in the left UF while the Shidu men had reduced FA in the left SLF.Conclusions The WM integrity in Shidu parents is disrupted even without PTSD and depression, and such microstructural changes varied with gender, which might be associated with the gender differences in emotion regulation strategies. Importantly, the compromised integrity of left UF might contribute to the emotion dysregulation in Shidu parents, leading to a range of emotional symptoms, thereby partially explaining why these parents are more prone to various mental disorders than HCs.

scholarly journals Neuroanatomical Correlates of Childhood Stuttering: MRI Indices of White and Gray Matter Development That Differentiate Persistence Versus Recovery

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (8S) ◽  
pp. 2986-2998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily O. Garnett ◽  
Ho Ming Chow ◽  
Soo-Eun Chang
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
White Matter Integrity ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Arcuate Fasciculus ◽  
Temporoparietal Junction

Purpose We review two recent neuroanatomical studies of children who stutter (CWS), one that examines white matter integrity and the other that focuses on cortical gray matter morphology. In both studies, we sought to examine differences between children whose stuttering persists (“persistent”), children who recovered from stuttering (“recovered”), and their nonstuttering peers (“controls”). Method Both of the reviewed studies use data from a large pediatric sample spanning preschool- to school-age children (3–10 years old at initial testing). Study 1 focused on surface-based measures of cortical size (thickness) and shape (gyrification) using structural magnetic resonance imaging, whereas Study 2 utilized diffusion tensor imaging to examine white matter integrity. Results In both studies, the main difference that emerged between CWS and fluent peers encompassed left hemisphere speech motor areas that are interconnected via the arcuate fasciculus. In the case of white matter integrity, the temporoparietal junction and posterior superior temporal gyrus, both connected via the left arcuate fasciculus, and regions along the corpus callosum that contain fibers connecting bilateral motor regions were significantly decreased in white matter integrity in CWS compared to controls. In the morphometric study, children who would go on to have persistent stuttering specifically had lower cortical thickness in ventral motor and premotor areas of the left hemisphere. Conclusion These results point to aberrant development of cortical areas involved in integrating sensory feedback with speech movements in CWS and differences in interhemispheric connectivity between the two motor cortices. Furthermore, developmental trajectories in these areas seem to diverge between persistent and recovered cases.

scholarly journals Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) in a Patient with Opioid Use Disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Terence Tumenta ◽  
Samuel Adeyemo ◽  
Oluwatoyin Oladeji ◽  
Oluwole Jegede ◽  
Bordes Laurent ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Altered Mental Status ◽  
Cerebral White Matter ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Heroin Use ◽  
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy ◽  
Heroin Use Disorder ◽  
Reversible Encephalopathy

Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) is a characteristic clinical radiographic syndrome with diffuse structural alteration of cerebral white matter secondary to myelin damage with diverse and multifactorial etiologies. It can present with acutely altered mentation, somnolence or occasionally stupor, vision impairment, seizures, and sudden or chronic headaches that are not focal. The pathophysiology remains unclear, but mechanisms involving endothelial injury and dysregulation of cerebral autoregulation have been purported. We report the case of a 36-year-old male with a history of heroin use disorder, who was admitted to our hospital for opioid withdrawal. CT head without contrast and MRI with and without gadolinium showed significant white matter disease in both cerebral hemispheres and cerebellum. He was diagnosed with Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome secondary to heroin use and managed on the medical floor in collaboration with the neurology team. His clinical symptoms improved and he was discharged after six weeks. To our knowledge, this case did not present with the risk factors for PRES reported in the literature. For patients with heroin use disorder who present with an altered mental status, PRES should be highly suspected. The diagnosis and management require collaboration between psychiatry and neurology.

Diffusion tensor imaging of white matter in the superior temporal gyrus and temporal stem in autism

2007 ◽  
Vol 424 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jee Eun Lee ◽  
Erin D. Bigler ◽  
Andrew L. Alexander ◽  
Mariana Lazar ◽  
Molly B. DuBray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Tensor Imaging ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Temporal Stem

Distinct white-matter aberrations in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome and patients at ultra-high risk for psychosis

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (11) ◽  
pp. 2299-2311 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Bakker ◽  
M. W. A. Caan ◽  
R. S. Schluter ◽  
O. J. N Bloemen ◽  
F. da Silva- Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Mean Diffusivity ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Deletion Syndrome ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Criteria ◽  
Ultra High Risk

BackgroundPatients with a deletion at chromosome 22q11.2 (22q11DS) have 30% lifetime risk of developing a psychosis. People fulfilling clinical criteria for ultra-high risk (UHR) for psychosis have 30% risk of developing a psychosis within 2 years. Both high-risk groups show white-matter (WM) abnormalities in microstructure and volume compared to healthy controls (HC), which have been related to psychotic symptoms. Comparisons of WM pathology between these two groups may specify WM markers related to genetic and clinical risk factors.MethodFractional anisotropy (FA), axial diffusivity (AD), radial diffusivity (RD) and mean diffusivity (MD) were assessed using diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and WM volume with structural MRI, in 23 UHR patients, 21 22q11DS patients, and 33 HC.ResultsCompared to UHR patients 22q11DS patients had (1) lower AD and RD in corpus callosum (CC), cortical fasciculi, and anterior thalamic radiation (ATR), (2) higher FA in CC and ATR, and (3) lower occipital and superior temporal gyrus WM volume. Compared to HC, 22q11DS patients had (1) lower AD and RD throughout cortical fasciculi and (2) higher FA in ATR, CC and inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus. Compared to HC, UHR patients had (1) higher mean MD, RD, and AD in CC, ATR and cortical fasciculi, (2) no differences in FA.ConclusionsUHR and 22q11DS patients share a susceptibility for developing psychosis yet were characterized by distinct patterns of WM alterations relative to HC. While UHR patients were typified by signs suggestive of aberrant myelination, 22q11DS subjects showed signs suggestive of lower axonal integrity.

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