scholarly journals The association between intimate partner violence and unintended pregnancy among married young women in Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Awoke Giletew Wondie ◽  
Gizachew Assefa Tessema
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Unintended Pregnancy ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Reproductive Health Services ◽  
Young Girls ◽  
Unintended Pregnancies

Abstract BackgroundAdolescent and young women aged 15–24 years experience higher rates of intimate partner violence (IPV). Even though IPV has been a common challenge in low-and middle-income countries, there is a paucity of research that explored the effect of intimate partner violence on unintended pregnancy in young women, despite their vulnerability. Therefore, investigating the association between IPV and unintended pregnancy in younger population is critical for developing a multifaceted intervention to reduce the rate of unintended pregnancy and its advese consequences.MethodsData were obtained from the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS). A total of 706 ever married or in sexual union aged 15–24 who gave birth at least once in the last five years or became pregnant at the time of the survey were included in the final analysis. Bivariate and multiple logistic regression were carried out. SPSS version 20.0 was used for data analysis.ResultsAdolecent and young women aged 15–24 years reported 21.1% ( n = 149) unintended pregnancies and 64.2% experience at least one form of IPV (physical, sexual, emotional or marital control). Marital control (59.5%) and sexual violence (8.8%) were the most and least prevalent forms of reported IPV respectively. After adjusting for possible confounders, women who ever experienced physical violence (AOR: 1.54; 95% CI = 1.02–2.34), marital control (AOR: 1.68; 95% CI = 1.13–2.48) and emotional violence (AOR: 1.90; 95% CI = 1.25–2.89) had increased odds of unintended pregnancy, compared to those who had no history of the respective form of violence.ConclusionPhysical violence, marital control and emotional violence were an important predictors of unintended pregnancy among adolescent and young girls. Therefore, reducing unintended pregnancy among adolescent and young girls requires interventions beyond increasing access to contraceptive information and services; including empowering women, promoting men's involvement in fertility control and optimizing violent relationship is critical. Including intimate partner violence screening and treatment in reproductive health services is also necessary.

INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE AND UNINTENDED PREGNANCY AMONG ADOLESCENT AND YOUNG ADULT MARRIED WOMEN IN SOUTH ASIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enu Anand ◽  
Sayeed Unisa ◽  
Jayakant Singh
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Unintended Pregnancy ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Adolescent And Young Adult ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryThis study examined the relationship between Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) and unintended pregnancy among young women in South Asia using Demographic and Health Survey data from India (2005–2006), Bangladesh (2007) and Nepal (2011). The respondents were adolescent and young adult married women aged 15–24 years who had at least one childbirth in the five years preceding the survey. Bivariate and stepwise multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the relationship between IPV and unintended pregnancy. Thirty-eight per cent of the respondents in India, 52% in Bangladesh and 28% in Nepal reported having experienced physical or sexual IPV. Those who reported physical or sexual IPV had higher odds of unintended pregnancy (1.36 in India and 1.99 in Bangladesh). The findings indicate that IPV is a risk factor for unintended pregnancy among adolescent and young adult married women. Along with violence prevention programmes, a more responsive and youth-friendly health system needs to be in place to provide health care services to young women in these countries.

scholarly journals Intimate partner violence and unintended pregnancy: prevalence and associated factors

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 2394-2404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Carolina da C. Azevêdo ◽  
Thália Velho Barreto de Araújo ◽  
Sandra Valongueiro ◽  
Ana Bernarda Ludermir
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Unintended Pregnancy ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Reproductive Health Services ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Relationship

This study investigated the association between unintended pregnancy and intimate partner violence before pregnancy. A cross-sectional study was carried out with 1,054 women, aged 18 to 49, in Recife, Northeastern Brazil, from July 2005 to March 2006. Non-conditional logistic regression analysis was performed with a hierarchical strategy for entering variables into the model, according to the conceptual framework defined. Unintended pregnancy was reported by 60.3% (636) women. Intimate partner violence prior to the pregnancy was associated with unintended pregnancy (ORadj = 1.57; 95%CI: 1.17-2.11), even when adjusted for the women's sociodemographic characteristics, the partner's behaviour, and the relationship dynamic. When the association was adjusted for the use of contraception and the partner's refusal to use contraception, the association was no longer significant, suggesting that the effect of partner violence on unintended pregnancy may be mediated by these variables. The findings point to the need of screening for intimate partner violence in reproductive health services.

Predictors of Physical Intimate Partner Violence in the Lives of Young Women: Victimization, Perpetration, and Bidirectional Violence

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niki Palmetto ◽  
Leslie L. Davidson ◽  
Vaughn I. Rickert
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Dating Relationships ◽  
Care Clinic ◽  
Relationship Length ◽  
Nulliparous Women ◽  
Violent Behaviors

Background: Dating violence in young people is highly prevalent, and bidirectional violence characterizes most violent relationships. However, there is limited data on predictors of bidirectional violence in young relationships. Purpose: To examine the frequency of victimization, perpetration, and bidirectional physical violence in young women’s relationships and compare individual and relationship characteristics across violence profiles. Methods: Six hundred eighteen young women visiting an urban reproductive health care clinic completed an anonymous survey using the Conflict in Adolescent Dating Relationships Inventory to measure their experience of violence with a partner in the last year. Results: Thirty-four percent of women reported at least one instance of physical violence (3% “victim only,” 12% “perpetrator only,” 19% “bidirectional”). The frequency of violence in the previous year within the bidirectional profile was significantly higher than both the victim-only and perpetrator-only profiles. In all adjusted models, younger age, childhood sexual abuse, witnessing parental intimate partner violence (IPV), and relationship length remained significant. Black race was predictive of both perpetration and bidirectional violence, but not victimization. Compared to nulliparous women or those with one previous pregnancy, those who had had two or more had twice the odds of both victimization and bidirectional, but no increase in odds of perpetration. Conclusions: Bidirectional violence was the most common profile and was associated with the highest frequency of violent behaviors. Contrary to expectation, only two variables differed significantly across the three violence profiles. However, as hypothesized, bidirectional relationships were characterized by longer length, lending moderate support for social learning theory as one explanation underlying the occurrence of bidirectional violence.

scholarly journals Intimate partner violence among ever-married Afghan women: patterns, associations and attitudinal acceptance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rehana Shinwari ◽  
Michael Lowery Wilson ◽  
Olumide Abiodun ◽  
Masood Ali Shaikh
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Primary Education ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Parental Violence ◽  
Afghan Women ◽  
Survey Responses

AbstractIntimate partner violence (IPV) is one of the most prevalent forms of violence that women suffer globally. Women in Afghanistan have been exposed to high levels of IPV which coincided with high levels of conflict during more than four decades. We cross-sectionally examined the Afghanistan Demographic and Health Survey responses of 21,234 ever-married Afghan women. We first performed the frequency distribution analysis to determine the prevalence of IPV and the basic socio-demographic characteristics of the participants. Subsequently we examined the relationship between the independent and dependent variables followed by the bivariate and survey versions of logistic regression analyses. We report odds ratios in order to depict the strength and direction of the associations between the IPV and selected independent variables. P-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. The analyses showed that 55.54% of Afghan women experienced some form of physical, emotional, or sexual violence by their intimate partners during the recall period partners. The most common form of IPV found was physical violence (50.52%). Factors such as being exposed to inter-parental violence (respondent woman’s father physically abused her mother) (adjusted OR= 3.69, CI= 3.31–4.10) and respondent’s acceptance of IPV (aOR= 1.85, 1.51–2.26) were associated with increased exposure to IPV. Having a spouse with at least a primary education (aOR= 0.76, CI= 0.64–0.91) or a respondent with at least a primary education (aOR= 0.82, CI= 0.68–0.98) was associated with lower exposure to reported IPV. The lifetime experience of IPV occurs to a high extent among Afghan women, and several socio-demographic factors have predisposing attributes. IPV policy formulation and strategizing may benefit from considering these factors.

Coercive Controlling Behaviors and Reporting Physical Intimate Partner Violence in Australian Women: An Exploration

2021 ◽  
pp. 107780122098593
Author(s):  
Brittany Patafio ◽  
Peter Miller ◽  
Arlene Walker ◽  
Kerri Coomber ◽  
Ashlee Curtis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Physical Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Differential Utility ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Controlling Behaviors

This study explores two approaches to measuring coercive controlling behaviors (CCBs)—counting how many different CCB types and examining the frequency of each CCB experienced—to examine their utility in explaining the relationship between CCBs and physical intimate partner violence (IPV). Australian women aged 18–68 years ( n = 739; Mage = 31.58, SDage = 11.76) completed an online survey. Count and frequency CCB approaches yielded similar significant associations with increased physical IPV. Both approaches suggest that frightening behaviors in particular are significantly indicative of also experiencing physical IPV; however, when you count CCB types, public name-calling becomes important, whereas when you examine the frequency of each CCB type, jealousy/possessiveness becomes important. These findings suggest differential utility between measures of CCBs, which examine the frequency of specific CCB types and which count CCB types, and that both approaches are useful in understanding how coercion and control relate to physical violence within intimate relationships.

scholarly journals Exploring the experience of intimate partner violence in the LGBT community

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Papadakaki ◽  
F Zioti ◽  
Z N Karadimitriou ◽  
M Papadopoulou
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Childhood Victimization ◽  
Psychological Violence ◽  
Violence Victimization ◽  
Lgbt Community ◽  
Forms Of Violence

Abstract Background The study aimed at measuring the prevalence and identifying the risk factors of intimate partner violence in individuals from the LGBT community. Methods A total of 180 individuals participated in the study, both male and female, aged 18-60 years, living in the broader area of Athens, Greece. Snowball sampling was applied to identify eligible individuals and social media were employed to recruit them. The questionnaire explored the violence victimization and perpetration in their relationships, the preferred reaction to various forms of violence and the role of childhood victimization in adulthood experiences of violence. Results 72.8% were homosexual, 26.7% bisexual, 81.7 % were women with a mean age of 25.2 years (6.0 standard deviation). A total of 67.2% were subjected to verbal abuse before the age of 16, 49.4% to physical violence, 6.7% to sexual violence and 46.7% were neglected. The prevalence of violence victimization was higher than the prevalence of violence perpetration (mean 9.81 and 5.92 respectively). Psychological violence was the most common among other forms of violence, both in victimization (psychological 7.34, physical 1.66, sexual 0.81) and perpetration (psychological 4.48, physical 1.26, sexual 0.18). In hypothetical scenarios of psychological violence, the majority of participants preferred separation and discussion about boundaries as strategies to deal with the situation (56.1 and 45.0 respectively), in scenarios of physical violence they primarily preferred separation and secondarily asking a professional advice (73.3 and 20.6, respectively) and in sexual violence they primarily preferred a discussion about boundaries and secondarily separation (69.4% and 31.7% respectively). Experiences of childhood victimization (p=.006), and female gender (p=.002), were found to be associated at a statistically significant level with violent victimization in adulthood. Conclusions Further research is necessary to identify groups at risk of victimization. Key messages Preventive efforts need to take into account individual sociodemographic and attitudinal characteristics that increase the risk of victimization. Experiences of victimization during childhood are highly associated with victimization in adulthood.

Head Trauma in a Community-Based Sample of Victims of Intimate Partner Violence: Prevalence, Mechanisms of Injury and Symptom Presentation

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052110163
Author(s):  
Jessica E. Meyer ◽  
Varna Jammula ◽  
Peter A. Arnett
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Head Trauma ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Difficulty Breathing ◽  
History Of ◽  
Subconcussive Head Trauma

Objective. The present study aimed to explore the prevalence of subconcussive head trauma, traumatic brain injury (TBI), potential hypoxic events, and hypoxic brain injury (HBI) in victims of physical intimate partner violence (IPV). The study also aimed to characterize the injury presentation and mechanisms of injury in this population. Method. A group of 47 female participants with a history of at least one relationship that included physical violence completed a structured interview assessing for subconcussive hits, TBI, and HBI. Participants ranged in age from 19 to 55, and had an average of 15.3 years of education. Forty-four participants completed the structured interview in person and three participants completed the interview over the phone. Results. The majority of participants reported sustaining at least one impact to the head and approximately half of the participants sustained at least one impact that resulted in a mild TBI. Approximately half of the participants experienced at least one incident of having difficulty breathing due to a violent act from their partner, and approximately one-third of participants reported symptoms consistent with mild HBI. The most common mechanisms of injury were being hit with a closed fist and being strangled. Conclusions. The high levels of head trauma observed in this study highlight the need for clinical and community providers to screen victims of physical IPV for head trauma. The unique characteristics of this population (female sex, high frequency of injuries, and presence of HBIs) indicate that research evaluating the cognitive effects of injuries in this population is needed.

Missing the Trees for the Forest: Understanding Aggression Among Physically Victimized Women

Partner Abuse ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosaura E. Orengo-Aguayo ◽  
Erika Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Physical Aggression ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Emotional Arousal ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Self Defense ◽  
Situational Contexts ◽  
Specific Emotion

Research on physically victimized women’s aggression has focused on distal predictors and correlates of aggression and on women’s self-reported motivations for their aggression. The absence of examinations of contextual predictors of women’s intimate partner violence has resulted in a limited understanding of the proximal circumstances in which physically victimized women perpetrate aggression. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the situational contexts in which physically victimized women use physical aggression in their relationships by analyzing a detailed narrative of a specific violent episode. Women were significantly more likely to use physical aggression under the following conditions: (a) when they were the first to initiate the physical aggression; (b) when their partners engaged in either moderate or severe violence as opposed to extremely severe physical violence; (c) when their partners were sober as opposed to drunk or high; and (d) when they were experiencing a specific emotion as opposed to a combination of emotions such as fear, anger, and sadness. Women’s motivations for being aggressive were moderated by their partners’ severity of aggression. When men perpetrated moderate physical aggression, women’s aggression was largely emotion-driven. When men engaged in severe physical aggression, women’s physical aggression was motivated by a combination of wanting to retaliate and emotional arousal. When men engaged in extremely severe physical aggression, there was a trend for women’s physical aggression to be motivated primarily by self-defense. These results suggest that the context of a specific argument is important in understanding why physically victimized women perpetrate aggression.

Socioeconomic Factors and Patterns of Intimate Partner Violence among Ever-Married Women in Uganda: Pathways and Actions for Multicomponent Violence Prevention Strategies

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052110219
Author(s):  
Moses Okumu ◽  
Evalyne Orwenyo ◽  
Thabani Nyoni ◽  
Cecilia Mengo ◽  
Jordan J. Steiner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Socioeconomic Factors ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Reference Category

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a severe public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) with harmful effects on the physical, psychological, and socioeconomic wellbeing of survivors and their families. In SSA, IPV is associated with mental health disorders, high-risk behaviors, and HIV vulnerability, especially among women. In Uganda, poor socioeconomic status increases women’s vulnerability to IPV. Yet there is limited evidence on the association between socioeconomic factors and IPV severity in Uganda. Our study used population-based data to (a) establish different patterns describing the severity of IPV experiences, (b) explore associations between socioeconomic factors and severity of IPV experiences among Ugandan ever-married women, and (c) examine direct and indirect pathways from socioeconomic factors to severity of IPV experiences. Data were drawn from the 2016 Uganda Demographic and Health Survey’s sample of 7,536 ever-married women aged 15–49 years. A latent class analysis examined distinct patterns of IPV severity among this sample, yielding a four-class solution: low violence ( n = 5,059; 67.1%); high physical violence, low sexual violence ( n = 1,501; 19.9%); high sexual violence, moderate physical violence ( n = 535; 7.1%); and high sexual and severe physical violence ( n = 441; 5.9%). Using the low violence group as the reference category, we conducted a multinomial logistic regression that found significant associations between secondary education (a OR 2.35, 95% CI: [1.06, 5.24]), poorest on the wealth index (a OR 2.00, 95% CI: [1.13, 3.54]), and severe IPV experiences. Decision-making (a OR 0.81, 95% CI: [0.68, 0.96]) played a protective role against membership in the high sexual and physical violence class compared to the reference category. Using path analysis, we found that labor force participation partially mediated the path from wealth index and education to IPV severity. Findings indicate the need for interventions that aim to keep girls in school and target schools, communities, and media platforms to address gender norms, economic vulnerability, and comprehensive screening for multiple forms of violence.

scholarly journals Transfers, Behavior Change Communication, and Intimate Partner Violence: Postprogram Evidence from Rural Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 101 (5) ◽  
pp. 865-877 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shalini Roy ◽  
Melissa Hidrobo ◽  
John Hoddinott ◽  
Akhter Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Behavior Change ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Behavior Change Communication ◽  
Change Communication ◽  
Nutrition Behavior

Transfer programs have been shown to reduce intimate partner violence (IPV), but little evidence exists on how activities linked to transfers affect IPV or what happens when programs end. We assess postprogram impacts on IPV of randomly assigning women in Bangladesh to receive cash or food, with or without nutrition behavior change communication (BCC). Six to ten months postprogram, IPV did not differ between women receiving transfers and a control group; however, women receiving transfers with BCC experienced 26% less physical violence. Evidence on mechanisms suggests sustained effects of BCC on women's “threat points,” men's social costs of violence, and household well-being.

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