scholarly journals Gender Dimensions of the Impact of HIV/AIDS on Stunting in Children Under Five Years in Zimbabwe

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lesley Macheka ◽  
George Kembo ◽  
Terrence Kairiza
Keyword(s):  
Household Head ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Test Hypothesis ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Female Headed Households ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Background: HIV/AIDS can have a disastrous effect on household food and nutrition security, an example includes stunting in children. However, stunting and HIV/AIDS are highly gendered phenomena that need to be explored in order to get an in-depth understanding of the interrelationship. This study was therefore aimed at investigating gender dimensions of the impact of HIV/AIDS on stunting in children under five years from HIV/AIDS affected households in Zimbabwe. Methods: The study uses a large scale nationally representative cross-sectional dataset of 13 854 Zimbabwean households for the year 2019. To test hypothesis 1, the study employs binary choice models (Probit and Logit) since the outcome variable household HIV/AIDS status is dichotomous. To test hypothesis 2 and 3, the study employs the Propensity Score Matching (PSM) approach to circumvent the self selection problem in the creation of treatment and control groups for households affected by HIV/AIDS and those that are not. Results: The results revealed that household HIV/AIDS status is independent of the gender of household head. On the other hand, the results for the PSM estimates show that the probability of the household having a stunted child under five years is higher for households with an HIV positive member compared to those without. In addition, female headed households with an HIV positive member are more likely to have a stunted child under five years compared to male headed households under similar circumstances. Conclusion: Overall, the results provide evidence of a higher risk of stunting among children from households affected by HIV/AIDS. The study offers three major findings. Firstly, the study finds no significant association between gender of the household head and household HIV/AIDS status. Secondly, households that have at least one HIV positive member are more likely to have a stunted child under five years. Lastly, female headed households with at least one HIV positive member are more likely to have a stunted child under five years compared to male headed household with similar HIV/AIDS status. The findings have important policy implications towards improved integration of HIV/AIDS status, household head gender and child nutrition services in affected households.

scholarly journals Gender dimensions of the impact of HIV/AIDS on stunting in children under five years in Zimbabwe

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lesley Macheka ◽  
George Kembo ◽  
Terrence Kairiza
Keyword(s):  
Household Head ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Test Hypothesis ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Female Headed Households ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Background: HIV/AIDS can have a disastrous effect on household food and nutrition security, an example includes stunting in children. However, stunting and HIV/AIDS are highly gendered phenomena that need to be explored in order to get an in-depth understanding of the interrelationship. This study was therefore aimed at investigating gender dimensions of the impact of HIV/AIDS on stunting in children under five years from HIV/AIDS affected households in Zimbabwe. Methods: The study uses a large scale nationally representative cross-sectional dataset of 13 854 Zimbabwean households for the year 2019. To test hypothesis 1, the study employs binary choice models (Probit and Logit) since the outcome variable household HIV/AIDS status is dichotomous. To test hypothesis 2 and 3, the study employs the Propensity Score Matching (PSM) approach to circumvent the self selection problem in the creation of treatment and control groups for households affected by HIV/AIDS and those that are not. Results: The results revealed that household HIV/AIDS status is independent of the gender of household head. On the other hand, the results for the PSM estimates show that the probability of the household having a stunted child under five years is higher for households with an HIV positive member compared to those without. In addition, female headed households with an HIV positive member are more likely to have a stunted child under five years compared to male headed households under similar circumstances. Conclusion: Overall, the results provide evidence of a higher risk of stunting among children from households affected by HIV/AIDS. The study offers three major findings. Firstly, the study finds no significant association between gender of the household head and household HIV/AIDS status. Secondly, households that have at least one HIV positive member are more likely to have a stunted child under five years. Lastly, female headed households with at least one HIV positive member are more likely to have a stunted child under five years compared to male headed household with similar HIV/AIDS status. The findings have important policy implications towards improved integration of HIV/AIDS status, household head gender and child nutrition services in affected households.

scholarly journals Gender dimensions of the impact of HIV/AIDS on stunting in children under five years in Zimbabwe

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lesley Macheka ◽  
George Kembo ◽  
Terrence Kairiza
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Test Hypothesis ◽  
Female Headed Households ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Children Under 5 ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Background HIV/AIDS can have a disastrous effect on household food and nutrition security outcomes such as stunting in children under 5. However, stunting and HIV/AIDS are highly gendered phenomena that need to be explored in order to get an in-depth understanding of the interrelationship. This study was therefore aimed at investigating gender dimensions of the impact of HIV/AIDS on stunting in children under 5 years in Zimbabwe. Methods The study uses a large scale nationally representative cross-sectional dataset of 13,854 Zimbabwean households for the year 2019. To test hypothesis 1, the study employs binary choice models (Probit and Logit) since the outcome variable household HIV/AIDS status is dichotomous. To test hypothesis 2 and 3, the study employs the Propensity Score Matching (PSM) approach to circumvent the self-selection problem in the creation of treatment and control groups for households affected by HIV/AIDS and those that are not. Results The results revealed that household HIV/AIDS status is independent of the gender of household head. On the other hand, the results for the PSM estimates show that the probability of the household having a stunted child under 5 years is higher for households with an HIV positive member compared to those without. In addition, female headed households with an HIV positive member are more likely to have a stunted child under 5 years compared to male headed households under similar circumstances. Conclusion Overall, the results provide evidence of a higher risk of stunting among children from households affected by HIV/AIDS. The study offers three major findings. Firstly, the study finds no significant association between gender of the household head and household HIV/AIDS status. Secondly, households that have at least one HIV positive member are more likely to have a stunted child under 5 years. Lastly, female headed households with at least one HIV positive member are more likely to have a stunted child under 5 years compared to male headed household with similar HIV/AIDS status. The findings have important policy implications towards improved integration of HIV/AIDS status, household head gender and child nutrition services in affected households.

scholarly journals Gender dimensions of the impact of HIV/AIDS on stunting in children under five years in Zimbabwe

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lesley Macheka ◽  
George Kembo ◽  
Terrence Kairiza
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Female Headed Households ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Background: HIV/AIDS can have a disastrous effect on household food and nutrition security outcomes such as stunting in children under 5. However, stunting and HIV/AIDS are highly gendered phenomena that need to be explored in order to get an in-depth understanding of the interrelationship. This study was therefore aimed at investigating gender dimensions of the impact of HIV/AIDS on stunting in children under five years in Zimbabwe. Methods: The study uses a large scale nationally representative cross-sectional dataset of 13 854 Zimbabwean households for the year 2019. Given self-selection bias associated with household HIV/AIDS status, the study employs Propensity Score Matching (PSM) approach to investigate the impact of HIV/AIDS on stunting in children under five years.Results: The results revealed that household HIV/AIDS status is independent of the gender of household head. On the other hand, the results for the PSM estimates show that the probability of the household having a stunted child under five years is higher for households with an HIV positive member compared to those without. In addition, female headed households with an HIV positive member are more likely to have a stunted child under five years compared to male headed households under similar circumstances. Conclusion: Overall, the results provide evidence of a higher risk of stunting among children from households affected by HIV/AIDS. The study offers three major findings. Firstly, the study finds no significant association between gender of the household head and household HIV/AIDS status. Secondly, households that have at least one HIV positive member are more likely to have a stunted child under five years. Lastly, female headed households with at least one HIV positive member are more likely to have a stunted child under five years compared to male headed household with similar HIV/AIDS status. The findings have important policy implications towards improved integration of HIV/AIDS status, household head gender and child nutrition services in affected households.

The impact of food fortification on stunting in Zimbabwe: Does gender of the household head matter? 

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terrence Kairiza ◽  
George Kembo ◽  
Asankha Pallegedara ◽  
Lesley Macheka
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Food Fortification ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Weak Evidence ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Female Headed Households ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: High prevalence of stunting in children under five years poses a major threat to child development in developing countries. It is associated with micronutrient deficiency arising from poor diets fed to children under five years. Food fortification is amongst the interventions focused at reducing the incidence of stunting in children under five years. Methods : Using a large-scale household data from Zimbabwe, we investigated the gender-based importance of household adoption of food fortification on the proportion of stunted children in the household. We employed propensity score matching to mitigate self-selection bias associated with household adoption of food fortification. Results: We offer three major findings. Firstly, we find statistically weak evidence that female headed households are more likely to adopt food fortification than their male counterparts. Secondly, food fortification reduces the proportion of stunted children in the household. Finally, in comparison to non-adopters, female headed households that adopt food fortification are more able to reduce the proportion of stunted children in their households than their male counterparts.Conclusion: The results highlight the need for policy makers to actively promote food fortification, as such interventions are likely to contribute to the reduction of stunting and to involve men in fortification interventions to improve on their knowledge and appreciation of fortified foods and the associated benefits.

scholarly journals Association between Malaria Infection and Early Childhood Development Mediated by Anemia in Rural Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 902
Author(s):  
Erin M. Milner ◽  
Patricia Kariger ◽  
Amy J. Pickering ◽  
Christine P. Stewart ◽  
Kendra Byrd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Malaria Infection ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Social Delay ◽  
The Impact

Malaria is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among children under five years of age, with most cases occurring in Sub-Saharan Africa. Children in this age group in Africa are at greatest risk worldwide for developmental deficits. There are research gaps in quantifying the risks of mild malaria cases, understanding the pathways linking malaria infection and poor child development, and evaluating the impact of malaria on the development of children under five years. We analyzed the association between malaria infection and gross motor, communication, and personal social development in 592 children age 24 months in rural, western Kenya as part of the WASH Benefits environmental enteric dysfunction sub-study. Eighteen percent of children had malaria, 20% were at risk for gross motor delay, 21% were at risk for communication delay, and 23% were at risk for personal social delay. Having a positive malaria test was associated with increased risk for gross motor, communication, and personal social delay while adjusting for child characteristics, household demographics, study cluster, and intervention treatment arm. Mediation analyses suggested that anemia was a significant mediator in the pathway between malaria infection and risk for gross motor, communication, and personal social development delays. The proportion of the total effect of malaria on the risk of developmental delay that is mediated by anemia across the subscales was small (ranging from 9% of the effect on gross motor development to 16% of the effect on communication development mediated by anemia). Overall, malaria may be associated with short-term developmental delays during a vulnerable period of early life. Therefore, preventative malaria measures and immediate treatment are imperative for children’s optimal development, particularly in light of projections of continued high malaria transmission in Kenya and Africa.

scholarly journals Health Outcomes of an Integrated Behaviour-Centred Water, Sanitation, Hygiene and Food Safety Intervention–A Randomised before and after Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 2648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy Morse ◽  
Elizabeth Tilley ◽  
Kondwani Chidziwisano ◽  
Rossanie Malolo ◽  
Janelisa Musaya
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Diarrhoeal Disease ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Food Hygiene ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Cluster Group ◽  
Point Reduction ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

Diarrhoeal disease in children under five in low income settings has been associated with multiple environmental exposure pathways, including complementary foods. Conducted from February to December 2018 in rural Malawi, this before and after trial with a control used diarrhoeal disease as a primary outcome, to measure the impact of a food hygiene intervention (food hygiene + handwashing) relative to a food hygiene and water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) intervention (food hygiene + handwashing + faeces management + water management). The 31-week intervention was delivered by community-based coordinators through community events (n = 2), cluster group meetings (n = 17) and household visits (n = 14). Diarrhoeal disease was self-reported and measured through an end line survey, and daily diaries completed by caregivers. Difference-in-differences results show a 13-percentage point reduction in self-reported diarrhoea compared to the control group. There were also significant increases in the presence of proxy measures in each of the treatment groups (e.g., the presence of soap). We conclude that food hygiene interventions (including hand washing with soap) can significantly reduce diarrhoeal disease prevalence in children under five years in a low-income setting. Therefore, the promotion of food hygiene practices using a behaviour-centred approach should be embedded in nutrition and WASH policies and programming.

scholarly journals Joint Modeling of Poverty of Households and Malnutrition of Children Under Five Years from Demographic and Health Survey Data: Case of Rwanda

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2(J)) ◽  
pp. 108-114
Author(s):  
Faustin Habyarimana ◽  
Temesgen Zewotir ◽  
Shaun Ramroop
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Composite Index ◽  
Joint Modeling ◽  
Multiple Birth ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Health Survey Data

The main objective of this study was to identify the risk factors associated to malnutrition of children under five years and poverty and assess the correlation between them. We created a composite index from three anthropometric indictors (stunting, underweight and wasting).A multivariate joint model using the generalized linear mixed model was utilized for the analyses of the data. Child age, birth order of the children, the gender of children, birth weights of the children, multiple birth of the child, fever, anemia of the mother, body mass index of the mother, mother’s education level, mother’s knowledge on nutrition, age of household head, source of drinking water, toilet facilities, place of residence of household, source of drinking water and province were found to be significantly related to poverty and malnutrition. The study revealed a positive correlation between poverty of household and malnutrition of children less than five years

scholarly journals Income diversification for risk adaptation: the case of rural households in Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. First
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thi Mai
Keyword(s):  
Market Access ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Income Diversification ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Years Of Schooling

This study uses the data extracted from the Vietnam Access to Resources Household Survey 2008, 2010, 2012, 2014, 2016 on 2,107 rural households in Vietnam. Results from logit regressions show that: (1) natural disasters, plant or animal diseases, mean years of schooling of all labor members in the households, household size, levels of participation in associations and social organizations help to increase the ability of households to diversify when there is a risk; (2) On the contrary, the harmful impacts from pest of the previous year, mean years of schooling of household head, age, ethnicity, land area, attitude to risks exert a negative impact on the ability of income diversification. Thereby, the study offers some policy implications such as improving the educational level of the households, encouraging households to actively participate in training sessions, skills training and market access organized by the State and NGOs, disseminating knowledge on risk response measures through income diversification. The novel point of the study is the application of the microeconomic theory to measure the impact of attitude to risk on the decision to diversify income when risks occur. In addition, the study also examines the impact of each type of risk, and the severity of the risk on the choice of income diversification to cope with risks.

Permasalahan gizi pada anak balita pasca gempa: Studi kasus di Palu, Sigi, dan Donggala

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-134
Author(s):  
Nurulfuadi Nurulfuadi ◽  
Ariani Ariani ◽  
Diah Ayu Hartini ◽  
Ummu Aiman ◽  
Devi Nadila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Nutritional Problem ◽  
Nutritional Status Of Children ◽  
Access To Food ◽  
National Disaster ◽  
The Impact

Palu, Sigi, and Donggala districts experienced a 7,7 magnitude earthquake on September 28 2018. This incident was declared a national disaster. The impact of the disaster is a decrease in the nutritional status of children under five. Nutritional problems in children under five after the earthquake can be caused by paralysis of health service, lack of availability of clean water, poor environmental sanitation, infectious diseases, and lack of consumption of nutritious food. This research is a descriptive study wich to identify nutritional problems in children under five after the earthquake in Palu, Sigi, and Donggala districts. The type of data used is secondary data, including height, weight, and age. The results showed that the nutritional status of under five children based on the weight for age index were underweight 32,1% and very underweight 16,6%. Nutritional status based on the weight for height index, were malnutrition 13,7% and poor nutrition 4,9%. The nutritional status based on the height for age index were stunting 55,7%. The conclusion that the stunting is a nutritional problem with the highest prevalence after the earthquake. The health of children under five is easily influenced by food security, the environment, and the economy. The high prevalence stunting post-earthquake can be caused by job losses, damage to agricultural land and plantations, disruption of the economic system and development in the area which has an impact on low access to food for families.

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