scholarly journals Health-Related Quality of Life in Severely Injured Trauma Patients with Positive and Negative Blood Alcohol Level on Admission

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antti Riuttanen ◽  
Jarkko Jokihaara ◽  
Tuomas T. Huttunen ◽  
Ville M. Mattila
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Relative Number ◽  
Reference Population ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Severely Injured ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Impact

Abstract PurposeThe objectives of this study were to evaluate whether pre-injury alcohol use has an influence on an injured patient’s HR-QoL and reported problems.MethodsRetrospective analysis of 227 severely injured trauma patients (age ≥ 18 years, NISS ≥ 16) treated at Tampere University Hospital’s (TAUH) Intensive Care Unit (ICU) or High Dependence Unit (HDU) in 2013. HR-QoL was assessed with the EQ-5D questionnaire, and was further compared with index values of population norms of Finland.ResultsPatients with positive BAL expressed notably more anxiety and depression (45%) before trauma compared to both patients with negative BAL (11%) and the reference population (14%). Overall, pre-injury HR-QoL was also poorer in BAL positive patients than BAL negative patients. The amount of anxiety and depression in BAL positive patients decreased after injury. In both groups, the relative number of reported problems after injury exceeded the relative number of reported problems of the reference population in all five EQ-5D dimensions.ConclusionsPatients with positive BAL upon admission report overall lower pre-injury HR-QoL than patients with negative BAL, which is most likely explained by the alcohol’s negative effect on mental health. As reported anxiety and depression decreased one year after injury, we speculate that this may partly be explained by a possible reduction in alcohol use, which has been reported to happen in injury patients. As has previously been reported, the impact of severe injury on post-injury QoL in general is detrimental and long-lasting and overall HR-QoL remains lower than the population norm.

scholarly journals The Effect of Pre-Trauma Alcohol Use on Post-Traumatic Quality of Life in Severely Injured Trauma Patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antti Ilmari Riuttanen ◽  
Jarkko Jokihaara ◽  
Tuomas T. Huttunen ◽  
Ville M. Mattila
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Relative Number ◽  
Reference Population ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
One Year ◽  
Population Norm

Abstract Background From one third up to half of all injured patients admitted to emergency rooms have a positive blood alcohol level (BAL). Frequent alcohol use also has negative effects on a person’s quality of life. Even though alcohol use among injury patients is common, the effects of pre-injury alcohol use on Health-Related Quality of Life (HR-QoL) have not previously been studied. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate whether pre-injury alcohol use has an influence on an injured patient’s HR-QoL and reported problems. A secondary objective was to compare injured patient’s HR-QoL with the population norm of Finland. Methods Retrospective analysis of all trauma patients treated at Tampere University Hospital’s (TAUH) Intensive Care Unit (ICU) or High Dependence Unit (HDU) in 2013. The following inclusion criteria were used: patient treated at TAUH’s ICU or HDU, age ≥ 18 years, NISS ≥ 16 and possesses a valid Finnish personal identification number to enable comprehensive follow-up. From a total of 373 patients, 227 patients met the inclusion criteria. HR-QoL was assessed with the EQ-5D questionnaire during the patients’ stay in the ICU/HDU and one year after the injury. The EQ-5D index value was further compared with the index values of the age-matched population norms of Finland. Results Thirty-four percent (77/227) of all patients tested positive for alcohol at the time of the injury with a mean blood alcohol content (BAC) of 1.9 g/L. Twenty-nine patients (N= 29/227) died within 1 year of injury, and therefore 198 patients were contacted for post-injury EQ-5D questionnaires. Complete data sets with both pre- and post-injury EQ-5D questionnaires were available for 111 (56%) patients. Patients with positive BAL expressed notably more anxiety and depression (45%) before trauma compared to both patients with negative BAL (11%) and the reference population of Finland (14%). Overall, pre-injury HR-QoL was also poorer in BAL positive patients than BAL negative patients. The amount of anxiety and depression in BAL positive patients decreased after injury. In both groups, the relative number of reported problems after injury exceeded the relative number of reported problems of the reference population of Finland in all five EQ-5D dimensions. Conclusions Patients with positive BAL upon admission report overall lower HR-QoL than patients with negative BAL. This finding is most likely explained by the excessive amount of anxiety and depression, which had decreased one year after injury. We speculate that this may partly be explained by a possible reduction in alcohol use, which has been reported to happen in injury patients. As has previously been reported, the impact of severe injury on post-injury QoL in general is detrimental and long-lasting and overall HR-QoL remains lower than the population norm.

scholarly journals Comparison of Oral Health Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) in Hypodontia Patients and Patients with Acquired Missing Teeth

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanti Chhetri ◽  
Muhammad Waseem Ullah Khan ◽  
Nazia Yazdanie
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Missing Teeth ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Impact

Background: Hypodontia is the developmental absence of one or more teeth from the dentition whereas acquired missing teeth are those lost due to carries, periodontal problem or dental trauma. Patients with congenitally missing teeth suffer aesthetic, functional and psychological morbidity to various degree through childhood, adolescence and adulthood. Greater understanding of the impact of hypodontia on patient’s quality of life is very important. Oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL) is considered as an outcome measure to evaluate the consequences of edentulism and the available treatment options.Material and Methods: A cross-sectional comparative survey was carried out in the department of Prosthodontics, de’Montmorency College of Dentistry/Punjab Dental Hospital Lahore from 02/03/2010 to 01/09/2010. Total 80 partially dentate patients were studied which included 40 hypodontia patients and 40 patients with acquired missing teeth. All patients were given OHIP-14 questionnaire and responses were recorded on 5-point Likert scale. The mean scores of the two groups were calculated and compared using chi square test.Results: The total OHIP scores in hypodontia patients was more compared to that in patients with acquired missing teeth and difference was significant in the patient group with 4-5 missing teeth.Conclusion: As the missing teeth number increased, it was found that the OHRQoL in hypodontia patients was more impaired compared to the OHRQoL in patients with acquired missing teeth. Journal of Nobel Medical CollegeVolume 6, Number 1, Issue 10 (January-June, 2017), Page: 77-82

scholarly journals Health-related quality of life of individuals sharing a household with persons with dementia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Dams ◽  
Thomas Grochtdreis ◽  
Hans-Helmut König
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Mixed Effect Models ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Lower Hrqol ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction Previous research has found a negative effect of dementia on the health-related quality of life (HrQoL) of persons with dementia (PWD) and their primary informal caregivers. However, the impact of dementia on HrQoL of other individuals sharing a household with PWD has not been investigated to date. The current study therefore aimed to determine differences in the HrQoL between those sharing a household with PWD and those not living with PWD. In addition, factors related to the HrQoL of those sharing a household with PWD were evaluated. Methods The analyses were based on data from the German Socio-Economic Panel, using the SF-12 to measure HrQoL. Mixed-effects models were calculated to compare the HrQoL of those sharing a household with PWD and persons not living with PWD, as well as to determine factors related to the HrQoL of those sharing a household with PWD. Bootstrapping was used where residuals were not normally distributed. Results Mixed-effect models showed a significantly lower HrQoL among those sharing a household with PWD, compared to those not living with PWD. Number of diseases, number of persons in the household, marital status and educational level were significantly related to HrQoL among those sharing a household with PWD. Discussion The HrQoL of those sharing a household with PWD was reduced compared to persons not living with PWD. Further, those living with PWD in small households, or those with multi-morbidities had a lower HrQoL. Further research focusing on HrQoL in the social environment of PWD is needed.

scholarly journals Alcohol use in severely injured trauma patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antti Riuttanen ◽  
Saara J. Jäntti ◽  
Ville M. Mattila
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Relative Proportion ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Severely Injured ◽  
New Injury Severity Score ◽  
Severity Scores ◽  
Medical Histories

Abstract Alcohol is a major risk factor for several types of injuries, and it is associated with almost all types and mechanisms of injury. The focus of the study was to evaluate alcohol use in severely injured trauma patients with New Injury Severity Score (NISS) of 16 or over, and to compare mortality, injury severity scores and mechanisms and patterns of injury between patients with positive and negative blood alcohol levels (BAL). Medical histories of all severely injured trauma patients (n = 347 patients) enrolled prospectively in Trauma Register of Tampere University Hospital (TAUH) between January 2016 to December 2017 were evaluated for alcohol/substance use, injury mechanism, mortality and length of stay in Intensive Care Unit (ICU). A total of 252 of 347 patients (72.6%) were tested for alcohol with either direct blood test (50.1%, 174/347), breathalyser (11.2%, 39/347), or both (11.2%, 39/347). After untested patients were excluded, 53.5% of adult patients (18–64 years), 20.5% of elderly patients (above 65 years) and 13.3% of paediatric patients (0–17 years) tested BAL positive. The mean measured BAL for the study population was 1.9 g/L. The incidence of injuries was elevated in the early evenings and the relative proportion of BAL positive patients was highest (67.7%) during the night. Injury severity scores (ISS or NISS) and length of stay in ICU were not adversely affected by alcohol use. Mortality was higher in patients with negative BAL (18.2% vs. 7.7%, p = 0.0019). Falls from stairs, and assaults were more common in patients with positive BAL (15.4% vs. 5.4% and 8.7% vs. 2.7%, p < 0.006, respectively). There were no notable differences in injury patterns between the two groups. Alcohol use among severely injured trauma patients is common. Injury mechanisms between patients with positive and negative BAL have differences, but alcohol use will not increase mortality or prolong length of stay in ICU. This study supports the previously reported findings that BAL is not a suitable marker to assess patient mortality in trauma setting.

scholarly journals The Impact of Type D Personality on Health-Related Quality of Life in Tinnitus Patients Is Mainly Mediated by Anxiety and Depression

2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilke Bartels ◽  
Susanne S. Pedersen ◽  
Bernard F. A. M. van der Laan ◽  
Michiel J. Staal ◽  
Frans W. J. Albers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Type D Personality ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Type D ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Effects of the COVID-19 Mitigation Measures on Alcohol Consumption and Binge Drinking in College Students: A Longitudinal Survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (18) ◽  
pp. 9822
Author(s):  
Margarida Vasconcelos ◽  
Alberto Crego ◽  
Rui Rodrigues ◽  
Natália Almeida-Antunes ◽  
Eduardo López-Caneda
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Binge Drinking ◽  
Drinking Behavior ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Alcohol Craving ◽  
Binge Drinkers ◽  
The Impact

To “flatten the curve” of COVID-19 contagion, several countries ordered lockdowns amid the pandemic along with indications on social distancing. These social isolation measures could potentially bring alterations to healthy behavior, including to alcohol consumption. However, there is hardly any scientific evidence of the impact of such measures on alcohol consumption and binge drinking (BD) among young adults, and how they relate to alcohol craving, stress, anxiety, and depression levels. We addressed these questions by conducting a longitudinal study with 146 Portuguese college students—regular binge drinkers (regular BDs), infrequent binge drinkers (infrequent BDs) and non-binge drinkers (non-BDs)—in three moments: before the pandemic (Pre-Lockdown), during lockdown (Lockdown) and 6 months after (Post-Lockdown). Results revealed that regular BDs decreased alcohol use during Lockdown, a change in behavior that was even greater during Post-Lockdown, when regular BDs displayed similar levels of consumption to infrequent/non-BDs. Additionally, alcohol craving and living with friends were predictive of alcohol use during Lockdown, whereas stress, anxiety, and depression symptoms did not contribute to explain changes in drinking behavior. Collectively, the results suggest that BD in young Portuguese college students can be stopped when the contexts in which alcohol intake usually takes place are suppressed, which may have important implications for future prevention and intervention strategies.

scholarly journals Recovery from aortic valve surgery: the trajectory of muscle mass, strength, and quality, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL)

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Thomas ◽  
M Griffiths ◽  
A Kalakoutas ◽  
M Yates ◽  
J Sanders
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Preoperative Assessment ◽  
Muscle Quality ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): Barts Charity OnBehalf Queen Mary University of London (QMUL) and Barts Health NHS Trust Background/Introduction: The impact of intensive care unit-acquired weakness (ICUAW) is considerable and is associated with reduced physical function and impaired health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Patients’ undergoing elective cardiac surgery are known to lose significant muscle mass and strength in the first seven days after surgery, but little is known beyond that time.  Purpose We sought to investigate the effect of cardiac surgery on ICUAW (including muscle mass, strength, muscle quality) and HRQoL (including anxiety and depression and reintegration into society) until out-patient follow-up. Methods Eligible patients included adults undergoing a surgical elective aortic valve replacement without any pre-existing causes of severe muscle weakness or wasting. Muscle mass was measured using ultrasound of the rectus femoris cross-sectional area (RFcsa). Muscle quality was calculated using histogram analysis, specifically pixel intensity (PI), whereby a lower value is indicative of healthier muscle tissue. Muscle strength was measured using hand-held dynamometry specifically grip strength. HRQoL (EQ5D), anxiety and depression (hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS)) and reintegration to normal living (RNLI index) were also collected. Measurements were assessed preoperatively, at day 7 and at out-patient follow-up. Results Thirty-one patients were recruited, with 22 (70.9%) patients attending follow-up. Patients lost 6.5% RFcsa (p= &lt;0.0001) in the first seven days post-surgery and 10.1% (p = 0.0014) between preoperative assessment and follow-up. Hand-held grip strength decreased significantly (10.6%, p= &lt;0.0001) in the first seven days post-surgery, however, differing to RFcsa, recovered considerably between day 7 and follow-up (7.7%, p = 0.018). Decreased muscle quality was observed solely in the first seven days after surgery (8.3%, p = 0.0094). The EQ5D visual analogue scale and crosswalk index increased significantly from preoperative assessment to follow-up (10%, p = 0.0250; 17.6%, p = 0.022 respectively) and day 7 to follow-up (11.7%, p = 0.0311; 27.9%, p = 0.011 respectively). While depression scores significantly decreased between the same time points as the EQ5D, changes in anxiety and RNLI scores, were non-significant. Conclusion Patients undergoing surgical aortic valve replacements lose considerable muscle mass in hospital, failing to recover even at out-patient follow-up. Furthermore, muscle quality decreases in the first seven days after surgery in line with the acute muscle loss. However, the impact on strength is less extensive as patients appear to recover the loss by follow-up. Patients’ health scores, function index and depression scores also improve, suggesting that muscle mass is the only outcome to not recover at follow-up. Therefore, patients appear to recover well from AVR surgery even surpassing some of their preoperative results, with the exception of the RFcsa.

scholarly journals Dissociating breathlessness symptoms from mood in asthma

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivia K. Harrison ◽  
Lucy Marlow ◽  
Sarah Finnegan ◽  
Ben Ainsworth ◽  
Kyle T. S. Pattinson
Keyword(s):  
Negative Mood ◽  
Symptom Burden ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Spatial Cues ◽  
Affective Factors ◽  
Spatial Orienting ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Physiological Tests ◽  
Objectively Measured ◽  
The Impact

AbstractAsthma is one of many chronic diseases in which discordance between objectively measured pathophysiology and symptom burden is well recognised. Understanding the influences on symptom burden beyond pathophysiology could improve our ability to treat symptoms. While co-morbidities such as anxiety and depression may play a role, the impact of this relationship with symptoms on our ability to perceive bodily sensations (termed ‘interoception’), or even our general and symptom-specific attention is not yet understood. Here we studied 63 individuals with asthma and 30 healthy controls. Alongside physiological tests including spirometry, bronchodilator responsiveness, expired nitric oxide and blood eosinophils, we collected self-reported questionnaires covering affective factors such as anxiety and depression, as well as asthma symptoms and asthma-related quality of life (individuals with asthma only). Participants additionally completed a breathing-related interoception task and two attention tasks designed to measure responsiveness to general temporal/spatial cues and specific asthma-related threatening words. We conducted an exploratory factor analysis across the questionnaires which gave rise to key components of ‘Mood’ and ‘Symptoms’, and compared these to physiological, interoceptive and attention measures. While no relationships were found between symptoms and physiological measures in asthma alone, negative mood was related to both decreased interoceptive metacognitive sensitivity (‘insight’ into interoceptive performance) and metacognitive bias (confidence in interoceptive decisions), as well as increased effects of spatial orienting cues in both asthma and controls. Furthermore, the relationship between the extent of symptoms and negative mood revealed potential sub-groups within asthma, with those who displayed the most severe symptoms without concurrent negative mood also demonstrating altered physiological, interoceptive and attention measures. Our findings are a step towards understanding how both symptoms and mood are related to our ability to interpret bodily symptoms, and to explore how the balance between mood and symptoms may help us understand the heterogeneity in conditions such as asthma.

scholarly journals Substance use in Portuguese and Spanish Adolescents: Highlights from Differences, Similarities and Moderating Effects

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 1024-1037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celeste Simões ◽  
Margarida Gaspar Matos ◽  
Carmen Moreno ◽  
Francisco Rivera ◽  
Joan M. Batista-Foguet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Well Being ◽  
School Satisfaction ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

Many behaviors with lasting health impact are initiated in adolescence. Substance use is one such behavior. To analyse the factors involved in adolescent substance use among Portuguese and Spanish boys and girls, an explanatory model was developed using structural equations modelling. The model proposes that the impact of social contexts (family, friends, classmates and teachers) on substance use (tobacco, alcohol and illicit drugs) is mediated by perceptions of well-being (psychological symptoms, well-being and school satisfaction). Data on 1589 Portuguese (mean age = 13.27, SD =. 59) and 4191 Spanish adolescents (mean age= 13.21; SD =.47) who took part in the HBSC/WHO survey were analysed. The model fits the data of each country (CFI >.90; RMSEA < .03) and the majority of the relationships proposed in the model have been as expected for both samples. The relations with a major effect, for both countries, were: the negative effect of family on psychological symptoms and the positive effect of family on subjective well-being; the negative effect of classmates on psychological symptoms; the positive effect of teachers on school satisfaction; the effect of psychological symptoms (negative) and school satisfaction (positive) on well-being; the negative effect of school satisfaction on tobacco and alcohol use; and the positive effect of tobacco on alcohol use, and alcohol use on cannabis. For each of the dependent factors studied (tobacco, alcohol and illicit drugs), the levels of explained variance varied between 9% (for tobacco use) and 46% (for alcohol use). Some non-invariant paths were obtained in country comparisons, controlling for gender. In multivariate analyses the paths from tobacco use to cannabis and from alcohol to cannabis were significant, but much stronger for Spanish girls than Portuguese girls.

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