scholarly journals Comparative Study On Load Resistance of Eco-Friendly Interlocking Blocks For Sustainable Construction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Venkata Veera Himakar Chunduri ◽  
Veerendrakumar C. Khed
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Load Resistance ◽  
Masonry Wall ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Bottom Surface ◽  
Brick Wall ◽  
Vertical Load ◽  
Block Wall ◽  
Wall Construction

Abstract The rapid growth of contemporary construction industry has driven engineers to explore new construction techniques for sustainable development. Interlocking block wall construction reduces time, labour and enhances construction efficiency compared to conventional masonry wall construction. The interlocking pattern has been applied to the top and bottom surface of block to withstand gravity and lateral loads whereas current interlocking blocks only serve the purpose of easy alignment. In this study, eco-friendly blocks have been developed with industrial waste such as fly ash, quarry dust and geopolymer as binder. Tests to evaluate the compressive strength, water absorption and efflorescence have been carried out on both traditional and geopolymer interlocking blocks. Later, on two blocks joint, in-plane vertical load has been applied and the same model is generated to validate the failure. Using numerical modelling, horizontal and vertical load resistance of interlocking block wall and traditional brick wall was compared. The experimental results show that, relative to traditional clay brick, the compressive strength of the geopolymer interlocking block was high but the absorption of water was low. The vertical load resistance is identical but horizontal load resistance was high in interlocking block wall. The interlocking geopolymer block was the best approach for environmental sustainability.

The Reliability Analysis of Concrete Perforated Brick Wall Shrinkage Cracking

2011 ◽  
Vol 378-379 ◽  
pp. 112-115
Author(s):  
Li Yan ◽  
Xin Sheng Yin ◽  
Bo Wang
Keyword(s):  
Reliability Analysis ◽  
Structural Reliability ◽  
Drying Shrinkage ◽  
Brick Wall ◽  
Shrinkage Cracking ◽  
Linear Elastic ◽  
Shrinkage Cracks ◽  
Block Wall ◽  
Elastic Fracture ◽  
Wall Construction

For concrete perforated brick wall has drying shrinkage cracks during the construction and use which is the prevalent phenomenon, combined with structural reliability theory, used of the basic theory of linear elastic fracture mechanics, when block wall construction was in the production of drying shrinkage cracks the reliability of crack resistance were analyzed and calculated which is a useful complement that reliability analysis and a useful level adjustment of reliability in the "code for design of masonry structures".

The Compressive Strength of Flemish Bond Wall by Exploiting Spent Copper Slag from Shipyard Waste

2014 ◽  
Vol 700 ◽  
pp. 407-412
Author(s):  
Salmaliza Salleh ◽  
Shaaban Md Ghazaly ◽  
Mahmud Hilmi ◽  
Suresh Rao
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Copper Slag ◽  
Masonry Wall ◽  
Brick Wall ◽  
Leaching Tests ◽  
Compressive Test ◽  
Minimum Requirement ◽  
Physical Tests ◽  
Control Set

This research has been conducted to investigate the compressive strength of Flemish bond spent copper slag masonry wall. The spent copper slag was taken from a shipyard and repair company in Pasir Gudang, Johor, Malaysia. In total three (3) sets of brick wall were built based on different percentage of spent copper slag replacement in bricks. The first set was arranged with 0% spent copper slag replacement bricks. It is used as the control set. The rest 2 sets were prepared by replacing 20% and 30% of sand in the bricks with spent copper slag. These bricks and walls were undergone physical tests such as compressive test, moisture content, density and leaching tests to satisfy the minimum requirement of a standard brick.

Distribution of Stresses in Masonry Pillar with Fully Filled and Unfilled Perpend Joints

2016 ◽  
Vol 249 ◽  
pp. 160-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr Bílý ◽  
Josef Fládr
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Shear Walls ◽  
Load Resistance ◽  
Masonry Structures ◽  
Vertical Load ◽  
Fem Model ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Distribution Of Stresses

The paper summarizes the results of numerical analysis conducted with the aim to compare the distribution of stresses in masonry pillars constructed using different bricklaying techniques. The analysis was carried out in reaction to the discussion of members of Czech standardization committee TNK 37 – Masonry structures. Currently, most of masonry load-bearing structures in the Czech Republic are made from clay blocks without mortar in perpend joints. The analysis seeks the answer to the question whether it is possible, in case of the eccentrically loaded masonry pillars with unfilled perpend joints, to consider the value of design compressive strength calculated using the same approach as for pillars with filled perpend joints for the check of vertical load resistance. Supplementary comparison of the behavior of the pillars with filled and unfilled perpend joints loaded by lateral load in the plane of the pillar (corresponding to short shear walls) was also conducted. 2D FEM model created in ATENA Science software was exploited for the analysis. The results confirmed that the approaches contained in ČSN EN 1996-1-1 [1] are basically applicable for pillars with unfilled perpend joints.

Performance and Economic Comparative Study of Interlocking Block and Clay Brick Buildings

2013 ◽  
Vol 405-408 ◽  
pp. 2893-2898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nida Chaimoon ◽  
Chareonporn Lertsatitthanakorn ◽  
Krit Chaimoon
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Brick Wall ◽  
Air Conditioner ◽  
Clay Brick ◽  
Solar Intensity ◽  
Cost Effective Alternative ◽  
Block Wall ◽  
Wall Construction ◽  
The Cost

This paper presents the results of an inquiry into the comparative thermal performance and economic viability of interlocking block and clay brick. To this end, two test rooms of 2.4 m width, 2.4 m length and 2 m height were built. The first room was constructed using interlocking block wall whereas the second room used commercial clay brick wall. Data recorded included room temperature, inside and outside surfaces temperatures of all walls, and solar intensity. The experimental results showed that heat conducted better through the interlocking block than through the clay brick. This was not surprising because the thermal conductivity of the interlocking block is 234% higher than the clay brick. However, the cost of interlocking block wall was lower than the clay brick wall by 34.5%. An economic analysis indicates that the payback period of the clay brick in tandem with a 1 ton, split-type air-conditioner depends on the indoor set-point temperature. The payback period extends over a considerable time, and as such, the interlocking block represents the most cost effective alternative for wall construction.

scholarly journals Machine Learning Approaches for Prediction of the Compressive Strength of Alkali Activated Termite Mound Soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 4754
Author(s):  
Assia Aboubakar Mahamat ◽  
Moussa Mahamat Boukar ◽  
Nurudeen Mahmud Ibrahim ◽  
Tido Tiwa Stanislas ◽  
Numfor Linda Bih ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Curing Temperature ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Artificial Neural Network Ann ◽  
Curing Regime ◽  
Alkali Activated

Earth-based materials have shown promise in the development of ecofriendly and sustainable construction materials. However, their unconventional usage in the construction field makes the estimation of their properties difficult and inaccurate. Often, the determination of their properties is conducted based on a conventional materials procedure. Hence, there is inaccuracy in understanding the properties of the unconventional materials. To obtain more accurate properties, a support vector machine (SVM), artificial neural network (ANN) and linear regression (LR) were used to predict the compressive strength of the alkali-activated termite soil. In this study, factors such as activator concentration, Si/Al, initial curing temperature, water absorption, weight and curing regime were used as input parameters due to their significant effect in the compressive strength. The experimental results depict that SVM outperforms ANN and LR in terms of R2 score and root mean square error (RMSE).

scholarly journals Innovation potentials for construction materials with specific focus on the challenges in Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 63-74
Author(s):  
Wolfram Schmidt ◽  
Mike Otieno ◽  
Kolawole Olonade ◽  
Nonkululeko Radebe ◽  
Henri Van-Damme ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
African Continent ◽  
Concrete Technology ◽  
Rich Diversity ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Basic Infrastructure ◽  
Industrialised Countries

Africa is urgently in need of adequate basic infrastructure and housing, and it is one of the continents where massive construction activities are on the rise. There is a vast variety of potentially viable resources for sustainable construction on the continents, and consequently, the continent can bring innovative, greener technologies based on local sources effectively into practice. However, unlike established concrete constituents from industrialised countries in the global North, most of the innovation potentials from the African continent have not yet been the focus of intensive fundamental and applied research. This clearly limits the implementation of more sustainable local technologies. This paper presents a case for the need to first appreciate the rich diversity and versatility of the African continent which is often not realistically perceived and appreciated. It discusses specific innovation potentials and challenges for cementitious materials and concrete technology based on local materials derived from sources on the African continent. The unique African materials solutions are presented and discussed, from mineral binders over chemical admixtures and fibres to reinforcement and aggregates. Due to the pressing challenges faced by Africa, with regards to population growth and urbanisation, the focus is not only put on the technological (durability, robustness and safety) and environmental sustainability, but also strongly on socio-economic applicability, adaptability and scalability. This includes a review of alternative, traditional and vernacular construction technologies such as materials-saving structures that help reducing cementitious materials. Eventually, a strategic research roadmap is hypothesised that points out the most relevant potentials and research needs for quick implementation of more localised construction materials.

scholarly journals Utilization of Sugarcane Bagasse Ash from Power Co-generation Boilers as a Supplementary Cementitious Material

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Safiki Ainomugisha ◽  
Bisaso Edwin ◽  
Bazairwe Annet
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Ordinary Portland Cement ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Hardened Concrete ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse Ash

Concrete has been the world’s most consumed construction material, with over 10 billion tons of concrete annually. This is mainly due to its excellent mechanical and durability properties plus high mouldability. However, one of its major constituents; Ordinary Portland Cement is reported to be expensive and unaffordable by most low-income earners. Its production contributes about 5%–8% of global CO2 greenhouse emissions. This is most likely to increase exponentially with the demand of Ordinary Portland Cement estimated to rise by 200%, reaching 6000 million tons/year by 2050.  Therefore, different countries are aiming at finding alternative sustainable construction materials that are more affordable and offer greener options reducing reliance on non-renewable sources. Therefore, this study aimed at assessing the possibility of utilizing sugarcane bagasse ash from co-generation in sugar factories as supplementary material in concrete. Physical and chemical properties of this sugarcane bagasse ash were obtained plus physical and mechanical properties of fresh and hardened concrete made with partial replacement of Ordinary Portland Cement. Cost-benefit analysis of concrete was also assessed. The study was carried using 63 concrete cubes of size 150cm3 with water absorption studied as per BS 1881-122; slump test to BS 1881-102; and compressive strength and density of concrete according to BS 1881-116. The cement binder was replaced with sugarcane bagasse ash 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% by proportion of weight. Results showed the bulk density of sugarcane bagasse ash at 474.33kg/m3, the specific gravity of 1.81, and 65% of bagasse ash has a particle size of less than 0.28mm. Chemically, sugarcane bagasse ash contained SiO2, Fe2O3, and Al2O3 at 63.59%, 3.39%, and 5.66% respectively. A 10% replacement of cement gave optimum compressive strength of 26.17MPa. This 10% replacement demonstrated a cost saving of 5.65% compared with conventional concrete. 

scholarly journals Developing Sustainable Concrete Compaction using a Proposed Multi-vibration Technique

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-53
Author(s):  
Sajid Kamil Zemam
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Vibration Mode ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
Specific Method ◽  
Concrete Compressive Strength ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Construction Technique ◽  
Vibration Technique ◽  
Concrete Production

This study seeks to develop a sustainable construction technique based on the introduction of a specific method for improving concrete compressive strength through a proposed multi-vibration compaction method. An experimental program is performed to evaluate the effect of the proposed compaction technique on fresh silica fume concrete undergoing the initial setting. Multi-vibration intends to minimize concrete production cost because it upgrades the compressive strength of the same materials with better utilization of the vibration energy required for compaction. The collected experimental data presented assign relationships among vibration duration, vibration cycles or phases, and compressive strength upgrading of single vibrated, revibrated, and multi-vibrated specimens for analysis and discussion. This study shows that multi-vibration phases, rather than single vibration or revibration techniques, are powerful techniques for improving concrete compressive strength. The results indicated that the existence of an optimum multi-vibration mode was dominated by phase number and vibration duration and confirm the reliability vibration overall time duration recommended by ACI 309 which relates to a single vibration time limit to be considered in the case of multi vibration technique. Multi-vibration Mode 8 (subjected to three vibration phases 10, 20, and 30 sec ) has the best effect for the considered mixtures among the specific vibration modes. The maximum improvement ratio is 1.25, which is associated with the plastic mixture.   

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